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/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-http-streams.php
<?php
/**
* HTTP API: WP_Http_Streams class
*
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage HTTP
* @since 4.4.0
*/
/**
* Core class used to integrate PHP Streams as an HTTP transport.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @since 3.7.0 Combined with the fsockopen transport and switched to `stream_socket_client()`.
* @deprecated 6.4.0 Use WP_Http
* @see WP_Http
*/
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class WP_Http_Streams {
/**
* Send a HTTP request to a URI using PHP Streams.
*
* @see WP_Http::request() For default options descriptions.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @since 3.7.0 Combined with the fsockopen transport and switched to stream_socket_client().
*
* @param string $url The request URL.
* @param string|array $args Optional. Override the defaults.
* @return array|WP_Error Array containing 'headers', 'body', 'response', 'cookies', 'filename'. A WP_Error instance upon error
*/
public function request( $url, $args = array() ) {
$defaults = array(
'method' => 'GET',
'timeout' => 5,
'redirection' => 5,
'httpversion' => '1.0',
'blocking' => true,
'headers' => array(),
'body' => null,
'cookies' => array(),
'decompress' => false,
'stream' => false,
'filename' => null,
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
if ( isset( $parsed_args['headers']['User-Agent'] ) ) {
$parsed_args['user-agent'] = $parsed_args['headers']['User-Agent'];
unset( $parsed_args['headers']['User-Agent'] );
} elseif ( isset( $parsed_args['headers']['user-agent'] ) ) {
$parsed_args['user-agent'] = $parsed_args['headers']['user-agent'];
unset( $parsed_args['headers']['user-agent'] );
}
// Construct Cookie: header if any cookies are set.
WP_Http::buildCookieHeader( $parsed_args );
$parsed_url = parse_url( $url );
$connect_host = $parsed_url['host'];
$secure_transport = ( 'ssl' === $parsed_url['scheme'] || 'https' === $parsed_url['scheme'] );
if ( ! isset( $parsed_url['port'] ) ) {
if ( 'ssl' === $parsed_url['scheme'] || 'https' === $parsed_url['scheme'] ) {
$parsed_url['port'] = 443;
$secure_transport = true;
} else {
$parsed_url['port'] = 80;
}
}
// Always pass a path, defaulting to the root in cases such as http://example.com.
if ( ! isset( $parsed_url['path'] ) ) {
$parsed_url['path'] = '/';
}
if ( isset( $parsed_args['headers']['Host'] ) || isset( $parsed_args['headers']['host'] ) ) {
if ( isset( $parsed_args['headers']['Host'] ) ) {
$parsed_url['host'] = $parsed_args['headers']['Host'];
} else {
$parsed_url['host'] = $parsed_args['headers']['host'];
}
unset( $parsed_args['headers']['Host'], $parsed_args['headers']['host'] );
}
/*
* Certain versions of PHP have issues with 'localhost' and IPv6, It attempts to connect
* to ::1, which fails when the server is not set up for it. For compatibility, always
* connect to the IPv4 address.
*/
if ( 'localhost' === strtolower( $connect_host ) ) {
$connect_host = '127.0.0.1';
}
$connect_host = $secure_transport ? 'ssl://' . $connect_host : 'tcp://' . $connect_host;
$is_local = isset( $parsed_args['local'] ) && $parsed_args['local'];
$ssl_verify = isset( $parsed_args['sslverify'] ) && $parsed_args['sslverify'];
if ( $is_local ) {
/**
* Filters whether SSL should be verified for local HTTP API requests.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @since 5.1.0 The `$url` parameter was added.
*
* @param bool|string $ssl_verify Boolean to control whether to verify the SSL connection
* or path to an SSL certificate.
* @param string $url The request URL.
*/
$ssl_verify = apply_filters( 'https_local_ssl_verify', $ssl_verify, $url );
} elseif ( ! $is_local ) {
/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/class-wp-http.php */
$ssl_verify = apply_filters( 'https_ssl_verify', $ssl_verify, $url );
}
$proxy = new WP_HTTP_Proxy();
$context = stream_context_create(
array(
'ssl' => array(
'verify_peer' => $ssl_verify,
// 'CN_match' => $parsed_url['host'], // This is handled by self::verify_ssl_certificate().
'capture_peer_cert' => $ssl_verify,
'SNI_enabled' => true,
'cafile' => $parsed_args['sslcertificates'],
'allow_self_signed' => ! $ssl_verify,
),
)
);
$timeout = (int) floor( $parsed_args['timeout'] );
$utimeout = 0;
if ( $timeout !== (int) $parsed_args['timeout'] ) {
$utimeout = 1000000 * $parsed_args['timeout'] % 1000000;
}
$connect_timeout = max( $timeout, 1 );
// Store error number.
$connection_error = null;
// Store error string.
$connection_error_str = null;
if ( ! WP_DEBUG ) {
// In the event that the SSL connection fails, silence the many PHP warnings.
if ( $secure_transport ) {
$error_reporting = error_reporting( 0 );
}
if ( $proxy->is_enabled() && $proxy->send_through_proxy( $url ) ) {
// phpcs:ignore WordPress.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged
$handle = @stream_socket_client(
'tcp://' . $proxy->host() . ':' . $proxy->port(),
$connection_error,
$connection_error_str,
$connect_timeout,
STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,
$context
);
} else {
// phpcs:ignore WordPress.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged
$handle = @stream_socket_client(
$connect_host . ':' . $parsed_url['port'],
$connection_error,
$connection_error_str,
$connect_timeout,
STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,
$context
);
}
if ( $secure_transport ) {
error_reporting( $error_reporting );
}
} else {
if ( $proxy->is_enabled() && $proxy->send_through_proxy( $url ) ) {
$handle = stream_socket_client(
'tcp://' . $proxy->host() . ':' . $proxy->port(),
$connection_error,
$connection_error_str,
$connect_timeout,
STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,
$context
);
} else {
$handle = stream_socket_client(
$connect_host . ':' . $parsed_url['port'],
$connection_error,
$connection_error_str,
$connect_timeout,
STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,
$context
);
}
}
if ( false === $handle ) {
// SSL connection failed due to expired/invalid cert, or, OpenSSL configuration is broken.
if ( $secure_transport && 0 === $connection_error && '' === $connection_error_str ) {
return new WP_Error( 'http_request_failed', __( 'The SSL certificate for the host could not be verified.' ) );
}
return new WP_Error( 'http_request_failed', $connection_error . ': ' . $connection_error_str );
}
// Verify that the SSL certificate is valid for this request.
if ( $secure_transport && $ssl_verify && ! $proxy->is_enabled() ) {
if ( ! self::verify_ssl_certificate( $handle, $parsed_url['host'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error( 'http_request_failed', __( 'The SSL certificate for the host could not be verified.' ) );
}
}
stream_set_timeout( $handle, $timeout, $utimeout );
if ( $proxy->is_enabled() && $proxy->send_through_proxy( $url ) ) { // Some proxies require full URL in this field.
$request_path = $url;
} else {
$request_path = $parsed_url['path'] . ( isset( $parsed_url['query'] ) ? '?' . $parsed_url['query'] : '' );
}
$headers = strtoupper( $parsed_args['method'] ) . ' ' . $request_path . ' HTTP/' . $parsed_args['httpversion'] . "\r\n";
$include_port_in_host_header = (
( $proxy->is_enabled() && $proxy->send_through_proxy( $url ) )
|| ( 'http' === $parsed_url['scheme'] && 80 !== $parsed_url['port'] )
|| ( 'https' === $parsed_url['scheme'] && 443 !== $parsed_url['port'] )
);
if ( $include_port_in_host_header ) {
$headers .= 'Host: ' . $parsed_url['host'] . ':' . $parsed_url['port'] . "\r\n";
} else {
$headers .= 'Host: ' . $parsed_url['host'] . "\r\n";
}
if ( isset( $parsed_args['user-agent'] ) ) {
$headers .= 'User-agent: ' . $parsed_args['user-agent'] . "\r\n";
}
if ( is_array( $parsed_args['headers'] ) ) {
foreach ( (array) $parsed_args['headers'] as $header => $header_value ) {
$headers .= $header . ': ' . $header_value . "\r\n";
}
} else {
$headers .= $parsed_args['headers'];
}
if ( $proxy->use_authentication() ) {
$headers .= $proxy->authentication_header() . "\r\n";
}
$headers .= "\r\n";
if ( ! is_null( $parsed_args['body'] ) ) {
$headers .= $parsed_args['body'];
}
fwrite( $handle, $headers );
if ( ! $parsed_args['blocking'] ) {
stream_set_blocking( $handle, 0 );
fclose( $handle );
return array(
'headers' => array(),
'body' => '',
'response' => array(
'code' => false,
'message' => false,
),
'cookies' => array(),
);
}
$response = '';
$body_started = false;
$keep_reading = true;
$block_size = 4096;
if ( isset( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] ) ) {
$block_size = min( $block_size, $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] );
}
// If streaming to a file setup the file handle.
if ( $parsed_args['stream'] ) {
if ( ! WP_DEBUG ) {
$stream_handle = @fopen( $parsed_args['filename'], 'w+' );
} else {
$stream_handle = fopen( $parsed_args['filename'], 'w+' );
}
if ( ! $stream_handle ) {
return new WP_Error(
'http_request_failed',
sprintf(
/* translators: 1: fopen(), 2: File name. */
__( 'Could not open handle for %1$s to %2$s.' ),
'fopen()',
$parsed_args['filename']
)
);
}
$bytes_written = 0;
while ( ! feof( $handle ) && $keep_reading ) {
$block = fread( $handle, $block_size );
if ( ! $body_started ) {
$response .= $block;
if ( strpos( $response, "\r\n\r\n" ) ) {
$processed_response = WP_Http::processResponse( $response );
$body_started = true;
$block = $processed_response['body'];
unset( $response );
$processed_response['body'] = '';
}
}
$this_block_size = strlen( $block );
if ( isset( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] )
&& ( $bytes_written + $this_block_size ) > $parsed_args['limit_response_size']
) {
$this_block_size = ( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] - $bytes_written );
$block = substr( $block, 0, $this_block_size );
}
$bytes_written_to_file = fwrite( $stream_handle, $block );
if ( $bytes_written_to_file !== $this_block_size ) {
fclose( $handle );
fclose( $stream_handle );
return new WP_Error( 'http_request_failed', __( 'Failed to write request to temporary file.' ) );
}
$bytes_written += $bytes_written_to_file;
$keep_reading = (
! isset( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] )
|| $bytes_written < $parsed_args['limit_response_size']
);
}
fclose( $stream_handle );
} else {
$header_length = 0;
while ( ! feof( $handle ) && $keep_reading ) {
$block = fread( $handle, $block_size );
$response .= $block;
if ( ! $body_started && strpos( $response, "\r\n\r\n" ) ) {
$header_length = strpos( $response, "\r\n\r\n" ) + 4;
$body_started = true;
}
$keep_reading = (
! $body_started
|| ! isset( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] )
|| strlen( $response ) < ( $header_length + $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] )
);
}
$processed_response = WP_Http::processResponse( $response );
unset( $response );
}
fclose( $handle );
$processed_headers = WP_Http::processHeaders( $processed_response['headers'], $url );
$response = array(
'headers' => $processed_headers['headers'],
// Not yet processed.
'body' => null,
'response' => $processed_headers['response'],
'cookies' => $processed_headers['cookies'],
'filename' => $parsed_args['filename'],
);
// Handle redirects.
$redirect_response = WP_Http::handle_redirects( $url, $parsed_args, $response );
if ( false !== $redirect_response ) {
return $redirect_response;
}
// If the body was chunk encoded, then decode it.
if ( ! empty( $processed_response['body'] )
&& isset( $processed_headers['headers']['transfer-encoding'] )
&& 'chunked' === $processed_headers['headers']['transfer-encoding']
) {
$processed_response['body'] = WP_Http::chunkTransferDecode( $processed_response['body'] );
}
if ( true === $parsed_args['decompress']
&& true === WP_Http_Encoding::should_decode( $processed_headers['headers'] )
) {
$processed_response['body'] = WP_Http_Encoding::decompress( $processed_response['body'] );
}
if ( isset( $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] )
&& strlen( $processed_response['body'] ) > $parsed_args['limit_response_size']
) {
$processed_response['body'] = substr( $processed_response['body'], 0, $parsed_args['limit_response_size'] );
}
$response['body'] = $processed_response['body'];
return $response;
}
/**
* Verifies the received SSL certificate against its Common Names and subjectAltName fields.
*
* PHP's SSL verifications only verify that it's a valid Certificate, it doesn't verify if
* the certificate is valid for the hostname which was requested.
* This function verifies the requested hostname against certificate's subjectAltName field,
* if that is empty, or contains no DNS entries, a fallback to the Common Name field is used.
*
* IP Address support is included if the request is being made to an IP address.
*
* @since 3.7.0
*
* @param resource $stream The PHP Stream which the SSL request is being made over
* @param string $host The hostname being requested
* @return bool If the certificate presented in $stream is valid for $host
*/
public static function verify_ssl_certificate( $stream, $host ) {
$context_options = stream_context_get_options( $stream );
if ( empty( $context_options['ssl']['peer_certificate'] ) ) {
return false;
}
$cert = openssl_x509_parse( $context_options['ssl']['peer_certificate'] );
if ( ! $cert ) {
return false;
}
/*
* If the request is being made to an IP address, we'll validate against IP fields
* in the cert (if they exist)
*/
$host_type = ( WP_Http::is_ip_address( $host ) ? 'ip' : 'dns' );
$certificate_hostnames = array();
if ( ! empty( $cert['extensions']['subjectAltName'] ) ) {
$match_against = preg_split( '/,\s*/', $cert['extensions']['subjectAltName'] );
foreach ( $match_against as $match ) {
list( $match_type, $match_host ) = explode( ':', $match );
if ( strtolower( trim( $match_type ) ) === $host_type ) { // IP: or DNS:
$certificate_hostnames[] = strtolower( trim( $match_host ) );
}
}
} elseif ( ! empty( $cert['subject']['CN'] ) ) {
// Only use the CN when the certificate includes no subjectAltName extension.
$certificate_hostnames[] = strtolower( $cert['subject']['CN'] );
}
// Exact hostname/IP matches.
if ( in_array( strtolower( $host ), $certificate_hostnames, true ) ) {
return true;
}
// IP's can't be wildcards, Stop processing.
if ( 'ip' === $host_type ) {
return false;
}
// Test to see if the domain is at least 2 deep for wildcard support.
if ( substr_count( $host, '.' ) < 2 ) {
return false;
}
// Wildcard subdomains certs (*.example.com) are valid for a.example.com but not a.b.example.com.
$wildcard_host = preg_replace( '/^[^.]+\./', '*.', $host );
return in_array( strtolower( $wildcard_host ), $certificate_hostnames, true );
}
/**
* Determines whether this class can be used for retrieving a URL.
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @since 3.7.0 Combined with the fsockopen transport and switched to stream_socket_client().
*
* @param array $args Optional. Array of request arguments. Default empty array.
* @return bool False means this class can not be used, true means it can.
*/
public static function test( $args = array() ) {
if ( ! function_exists( 'stream_socket_client' ) ) {
return false;
}
$is_ssl = isset( $args['ssl'] ) && $args['ssl'];
if ( $is_ssl ) {
if ( ! extension_loaded( 'openssl' ) ) {
return false;
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'openssl_x509_parse' ) ) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Filters whether streams can be used as a transport for retrieving a URL.
*
* @since 2.7.0
*
* @param bool $use_class Whether the class can be used. Default true.
* @param array $args Request arguments.
*/
return apply_filters( 'use_streams_transport', true, $args );
}
}
/**
* Deprecated HTTP Transport method which used fsockopen.
*
* This class is not used, and is included for backward compatibility only.
* All code should make use of WP_Http directly through its API.
*
* @see WP_HTTP::request
*
* @since 2.7.0
* @deprecated 3.7.0 Please use WP_HTTP::request() directly
*/
class WP_HTTP_Fsockopen extends WP_Http_Streams {
// For backward compatibility for users who are using the class directly.
}
بين التربية والتقنية هل ينتج العالم الافتراضي جيلاً مثقفًا أم معزولًا؟ – tahkoom.com
كتبت شروق عارف
في ظل التطور التكنولوجي الحادث والابتكارات الجديدة ظهر العالم الافتراضي الذي أحدث ثورة في كافة المجالات مما جعلنا نطرح سؤال مهم ماذا لو أصبح التعليم مرتبط بالعالم الافتراضي؟ وكيف سيؤثر هذا الربط على الطلاب وتحصيلهم الأكاديمي ؟ ما هو العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس؟ مزايا وتحديات ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي
آراء متباينة حول فاعلية العالم الافتراضي
يمكن القول إن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي قد يسهم بشكل كبير في توسيع أفاقنا الفكرية وسوف يجعل التجربة التعليمية أكثر متعة ولكن مع ذلك يجب التعامل مع هذه التقنية بحذر حتى نتجنب الأثار السلبية وعلينا التأكد أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحلل محل المعلم
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