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/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/class-avif-info.php
<?php
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2021, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
 *
 * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
 * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
 * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
 * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
 * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
 * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
 *
 * Note: this class is from libavifinfo - https://aomedia.googlesource.com/libavifinfo/+/refs/heads/main/avifinfo.php at f509487.
 * It is used as a fallback to parse AVIF files when the server doesn't support AVIF,
 * primarily to identify the width and height of the image.
 *
 * Note PHP 8.2 added native support for AVIF, so this class can be removed when WordPress requires PHP 8.2.
 */

namespace Avifinfo;

const FOUND     = 0; // Input correctly parsed and information retrieved.
const NOT_FOUND = 1; // Input correctly parsed but information is missing or elsewhere.
const TRUNCATED = 2; // Input correctly parsed until missing bytes to continue.
const ABORTED   = 3; // Input correctly parsed until stopped to avoid timeout or crash.
const INVALID   = 4; // Input incorrectly parsed.

const MAX_SIZE      = 4294967295; // Unlikely to be insufficient to parse AVIF headers.
const MAX_NUM_BOXES = 4096;       // Be reasonable. Avoid timeouts and out-of-memory.
const MAX_VALUE     = 255;
const MAX_TILES     = 16;
const MAX_PROPS     = 32;
const MAX_FEATURES  = 8;
const UNDEFINED     = 0;          // Value was not yet parsed.

/**
 * Reads an unsigned integer with most significant bits first.
 *
 * @param binary string $input     Must be at least $num_bytes-long.
 * @param int           $num_bytes Number of parsed bytes.
 * @return int                     Value.
 */
function read_big_endian( $input, $num_bytes ) {
  if ( $num_bytes == 1 ) {
    return unpack( 'C', $input ) [1];
  } else if ( $num_bytes == 2 ) {
    return unpack( 'n', $input ) [1];
  } else if ( $num_bytes == 3 ) {
    $bytes = unpack( 'C3', $input );
    return ( $bytes[1] << 16 ) | ( $bytes[2] << 8 ) | $bytes[3];
  } else { // $num_bytes is 4
    // This might fail to read unsigned values >= 2^31 on 32-bit systems.
    // See https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.unpack.php#106041
    return unpack( 'N', $input ) [1];
  }
}

/**
 * Reads bytes and advances the stream position by the same count.
 *
 * @param stream               $handle    Bytes will be read from this resource.
 * @param int                  $num_bytes Number of bytes read. Must be greater than 0.
 * @return binary string|false            The raw bytes or false on failure.
 */
function read( $handle, $num_bytes ) {
  $data = fread( $handle, $num_bytes );
  return ( $data !== false && strlen( $data ) >= $num_bytes ) ? $data : false;
}

/**
 * Advances the stream position by the given offset.
 *
 * @param stream $handle    Bytes will be skipped from this resource.
 * @param int    $num_bytes Number of skipped bytes. Can be 0.
 * @return bool             True on success or false on failure.
 */
// Skips 'num_bytes' from the 'stream'. 'num_bytes' can be zero.
function skip( $handle, $num_bytes ) {
  return ( fseek( $handle, $num_bytes, SEEK_CUR ) == 0 );
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Features are parsed into temporary property associations.

class Tile { // Tile item id <-> parent item id associations.
  public $tile_item_id;
  public $parent_item_id;
}

class Prop { // Property index <-> item id associations.
  public $property_index;
  public $item_id;
}

class Dim_Prop { // Property <-> features associations.
  public $property_index;
  public $width;
  public $height;
}

class Chan_Prop { // Property <-> features associations.
  public $property_index;
  public $bit_depth;
  public $num_channels;
}

class Features {
  public $has_primary_item = false; // True if "pitm" was parsed.
  public $has_alpha = false; // True if an alpha "auxC" was parsed.
  public $primary_item_id;
  public $primary_item_features = array( // Deduced from the data below.
    'width'        => UNDEFINED, // In number of pixels.
    'height'       => UNDEFINED, // Ignores mirror and rotation.
    'bit_depth'    => UNDEFINED, // Likely 8, 10 or 12 bits per channel per pixel.
    'num_channels' => UNDEFINED  // Likely 1, 2, 3 or 4 channels:
                                          //   (1 monochrome or 3 colors) + (0 or 1 alpha)
  );

  public $tiles = array(); // Tile[]
  public $props = array(); // Prop[]
  public $dim_props = array(); // Dim_Prop[]
  public $chan_props = array(); // Chan_Prop[]

  /**
   * Binds the width, height, bit depth and number of channels from stored internal features.
   *
   * @param int     $target_item_id Id of the item whose features will be bound.
   * @param int     $tile_depth     Maximum recursion to search within tile-parent relations.
   * @return Status                 FOUND on success or NOT_FOUND on failure.
   */
  private function get_item_features( $target_item_id, $tile_depth ) {
    foreach ( $this->props as $prop ) {
      if ( $prop->item_id != $target_item_id ) {
        continue;
      }

      // Retrieve the width and height of the primary item if not already done.
      if ( $target_item_id == $this->primary_item_id &&
           ( $this->primary_item_features['width'] == UNDEFINED ||
             $this->primary_item_features['height'] == UNDEFINED ) ) {
        foreach ( $this->dim_props as $dim_prop ) {
          if ( $dim_prop->property_index != $prop->property_index ) {
            continue;
          }
          $this->primary_item_features['width']  = $dim_prop->width;
          $this->primary_item_features['height'] = $dim_prop->height;
          if ( $this->primary_item_features['bit_depth'] != UNDEFINED &&
               $this->primary_item_features['num_channels'] != UNDEFINED ) {
            return FOUND;
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      // Retrieve the bit depth and number of channels of the target item if not
      // already done.
      if ( $this->primary_item_features['bit_depth'] == UNDEFINED ||
           $this->primary_item_features['num_channels'] == UNDEFINED ) {
        foreach ( $this->chan_props as $chan_prop ) {
          if ( $chan_prop->property_index != $prop->property_index ) {
            continue;
          }
          $this->primary_item_features['bit_depth']    = $chan_prop->bit_depth;
          $this->primary_item_features['num_channels'] = $chan_prop->num_channels;
          if ( $this->primary_item_features['width'] != UNDEFINED &&
              $this->primary_item_features['height'] != UNDEFINED ) {
            return FOUND;
          }
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // Check for the bit_depth and num_channels in a tile if not yet found.
    if ( $tile_depth < 3 ) {
      foreach ( $this->tiles as $tile ) {
        if ( $tile->parent_item_id != $target_item_id ) {
          continue;
        }
        $status = $this->get_item_features( $tile->tile_item_id, $tile_depth + 1 );
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }
      }
    }
    return NOT_FOUND;
  }

  /**
   * Finds the width, height, bit depth and number of channels of the primary item.
   *
   * @return Status FOUND on success or NOT_FOUND on failure.
   */
  public function get_primary_item_features() {
    // Nothing to do without the primary item ID.
    if ( !$this->has_primary_item ) {
      return NOT_FOUND;
    }
    // Early exit.
    if ( empty( $this->dim_props ) || empty( $this->chan_props ) ) {
      return NOT_FOUND;
    }
    $status = $this->get_item_features( $this->primary_item_id, /*tile_depth=*/ 0 );
    if ( $status != FOUND ) {
      return $status;
    }

    // "auxC" is parsed before the "ipma" properties so it is known now, if any.
    if ( $this->has_alpha ) {
      ++$this->primary_item_features['num_channels'];
    }
    return FOUND;
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Box {
  public $size; // In bytes.
  public $type; // Four characters.
  public $version; // 0 or actual version if this is a full box.
  public $flags; // 0 or actual value if this is a full box.
  public $content_size; // 'size' minus the header size.

  /**
   * Reads the box header.
   *
   * @param stream  $handle              The resource the header will be parsed from.
   * @param int     $num_parsed_boxes    The total number of parsed boxes. Prevents timeouts.
   * @param int     $num_remaining_bytes The number of bytes that should be available from the resource.
   * @return Status                      FOUND on success or an error on failure.
   */
  public function parse( $handle, &$num_parsed_boxes, $num_remaining_bytes = MAX_SIZE ) {
    // See ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012(E) 4.2
    $header_size = 8; // box 32b size + 32b type (at least)
    if ( $header_size > $num_remaining_bytes ) {
      return INVALID;
    }
    if ( !( $data = read( $handle, 8 ) ) ) {
      return TRUNCATED;
    }
    $this->size = read_big_endian( $data, 4 );
    $this->type = substr( $data, 4, 4 );
    // 'box->size==1' means 64-bit size should be read after the box type.
    // 'box->size==0' means this box extends to all remaining bytes.
    if ( $this->size == 1 ) {
      $header_size += 8;
      if ( $header_size > $num_remaining_bytes ) {
        return INVALID;
      }
      if ( !( $data = read( $handle, 8 ) ) ) {
        return TRUNCATED;
      }
      // Stop the parsing if any box has a size greater than 4GB.
      if ( read_big_endian( $data, 4 ) != 0 ) {
        return ABORTED;
      }
      // Read the 32 least-significant bits.
      $this->size = read_big_endian( substr( $data, 4, 4 ), 4 );
    } else if ( $this->size == 0 ) {
      $this->size = $num_remaining_bytes;
    }
    if ( $this->size < $header_size ) {
      return INVALID;
    }
    if ( $this->size > $num_remaining_bytes ) {
      return INVALID;
    }

    $has_fullbox_header = $this->type == 'meta' || $this->type == 'pitm' ||
                          $this->type == 'ipma' || $this->type == 'ispe' ||
                          $this->type == 'pixi' || $this->type == 'iref' ||
                          $this->type == 'auxC';
    if ( $has_fullbox_header ) {
      $header_size += 4;
    }
    if ( $this->size < $header_size ) {
      return INVALID;
    }
    $this->content_size = $this->size - $header_size;
    // Avoid timeouts. The maximum number of parsed boxes is arbitrary.
    ++$num_parsed_boxes;
    if ( $num_parsed_boxes >= MAX_NUM_BOXES ) {
      return ABORTED;
    }

    $this->version = 0;
    $this->flags   = 0;
    if ( $has_fullbox_header ) {
      if ( !( $data = read( $handle, 4 ) ) ) {
        return TRUNCATED;
      }
      $this->version = read_big_endian( $data, 1 );
      $this->flags   = read_big_endian( substr( $data, 1, 3 ), 3 );
      // See AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) 8.1
      // at https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/#avif-boxes (available when
      // https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/av1-avif/pull/170 is merged).
      $is_parsable = ( $this->type == 'meta' && $this->version <= 0 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'pitm' && $this->version <= 1 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'ipma' && $this->version <= 1 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'ispe' && $this->version <= 0 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'pixi' && $this->version <= 0 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'iref' && $this->version <= 1 ) ||
                     ( $this->type == 'auxC' && $this->version <= 0 );
      // Instead of considering this file as invalid, skip unparsable boxes.
      if ( !$is_parsable ) {
        $this->type = 'unknownversion';
      }
    }
    // print_r( $this ); // Uncomment to print all boxes.
    return FOUND;
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Parser {
  private $handle; // Input stream.
  private $num_parsed_boxes = 0;
  private $data_was_skipped = false;
  public $features;

  function __construct( $handle ) {
    $this->handle   = $handle;
    $this->features = new Features();
  }

  /**
   * Parses an "ipco" box.
   *
   * "ispe" is used for width and height, "pixi" and "av1C" are used for bit depth
   * and number of channels, and "auxC" is used for alpha.
   *
   * @param stream  $handle              The resource the box will be parsed from.
   * @param int     $num_remaining_bytes The number of bytes that should be available from the resource.
   * @return Status                      FOUND on success or an error on failure.
   */
  private function parse_ipco( $num_remaining_bytes ) {
    $box_index = 1; // 1-based index. Used for iterating over properties.
    do {
      $box    = new Box();
      $status = $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes, $num_remaining_bytes );
      if ( $status != FOUND ) {
        return $status;
      }

      if ( $box->type == 'ispe' ) {
        // See ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017(E) 6.5.3.2
        if ( $box->content_size < 8 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 8 ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $width  = read_big_endian( substr( $data, 0, 4 ), 4 );
        $height = read_big_endian( substr( $data, 4, 4 ), 4 );
        if ( $width == 0 || $height == 0 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( count( $this->features->dim_props ) <= MAX_FEATURES &&
             $box_index <= MAX_VALUE ) {
          $dim_prop_count = count( $this->features->dim_props );
          $this->features->dim_props[$dim_prop_count]                 = new Dim_Prop();
          $this->features->dim_props[$dim_prop_count]->property_index = $box_index;
          $this->features->dim_props[$dim_prop_count]->width          = $width;
          $this->features->dim_props[$dim_prop_count]->height         = $height;
        } else {
          $this->data_was_skipped = true;
        }
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - 8 ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'pixi' ) {
        // See ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017(E) 6.5.6.2
        if ( $box->content_size < 1 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 1 ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $num_channels = read_big_endian( $data, 1 );
        if ( $num_channels < 1 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( $box->content_size < 1 + $num_channels ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 1 ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $bit_depth = read_big_endian( $data, 1 );
        if ( $bit_depth < 1 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        for ( $i = 1; $i < $num_channels; ++$i ) {
          if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 1 ) ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
          // Bit depth should be the same for all channels.
          if ( read_big_endian( $data, 1 ) != $bit_depth ) {
            return INVALID;
          }
          if ( $i > 32 ) {
            return ABORTED; // Be reasonable.
          }
        }
        if ( count( $this->features->chan_props ) <= MAX_FEATURES &&
             $box_index <= MAX_VALUE && $bit_depth <= MAX_VALUE &&
             $num_channels <= MAX_VALUE ) {
          $chan_prop_count = count( $this->features->chan_props );
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]                 = new Chan_Prop();
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->property_index = $box_index;
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->bit_depth      = $bit_depth;
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->num_channels   = $num_channels;
        } else {
          $this->data_was_skipped = true;
        }
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - ( 1 + $num_channels ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'av1C' ) {
        // See AV1 Codec ISO Media File Format Binding 2.3.1
        // at https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-isobmff/#av1c
        // Only parse the necessary third byte. Assume that the others are valid.
        if ( $box->content_size < 3 ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 3 ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $byte          = read_big_endian( substr( $data, 2, 1 ), 1 );
        $high_bitdepth = ( $byte & 0x40 ) != 0;
        $twelve_bit    = ( $byte & 0x20 ) != 0;
        $monochrome    = ( $byte & 0x10 ) != 0;
        if ( $twelve_bit && !$high_bitdepth ) {
            return INVALID;
        }
        if ( count( $this->features->chan_props ) <= MAX_FEATURES &&
             $box_index <= MAX_VALUE ) {
          $chan_prop_count = count( $this->features->chan_props );
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]                 = new Chan_Prop();
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->property_index = $box_index;
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->bit_depth      =
              $high_bitdepth ? $twelve_bit ? 12 : 10 : 8;
          $this->features->chan_props[$chan_prop_count]->num_channels   = $monochrome ? 1 : 3;
        } else {
          $this->data_was_skipped = true;
        }
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - 3 ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'auxC' ) {
        // See AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) 4
        // at https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/#auxiliary-images
        $kAlphaStr       = "urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:systems:auxiliary:alpha\0";
        $kAlphaStrLength = 44; // Includes terminating character.
        if ( $box->content_size >= $kAlphaStrLength ) {
          if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $kAlphaStrLength ) ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
          if ( substr( $data, 0, $kAlphaStrLength ) == $kAlphaStr ) {
            // Note: It is unlikely but it is possible that this alpha plane does
            //       not belong to the primary item or a tile. Ignore this issue.
            $this->features->has_alpha = true;
          }
          if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - $kAlphaStrLength ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
        } else {
          if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
        }
      } else {
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      }
      ++$box_index;
      $num_remaining_bytes -= $box->size;
    } while ( $num_remaining_bytes > 0 );
    return NOT_FOUND;
  }

  /**
   * Parses an "iprp" box.
   *
   * The "ipco" box contain the properties which are linked to items by the "ipma" box.
   *
   * @param stream  $handle              The resource the box will be parsed from.
   * @param int     $num_remaining_bytes The number of bytes that should be available from the resource.
   * @return Status                      FOUND on success or an error on failure.
   */
  private function parse_iprp( $num_remaining_bytes ) {
    do {
      $box    = new Box();
      $status = $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes, $num_remaining_bytes );
      if ( $status != FOUND ) {
        return $status;
      }

      if ( $box->type == 'ipco' ) {
        $status = $this->parse_ipco( $box->content_size );
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'ipma' ) {
        // See ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017(E) 9.3.2
        $num_read_bytes = 4;
        if ( $box->content_size < $num_read_bytes ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $num_read_bytes ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $entry_count        = read_big_endian( $data, 4 );
        $id_num_bytes       = ( $box->version < 1 ) ? 2 : 4;
        $index_num_bytes    = ( $box->flags & 1 ) ? 2 : 1;
        $essential_bit_mask = ( $box->flags & 1 ) ? 0x8000 : 0x80;

        for ( $entry = 0; $entry < $entry_count; ++$entry ) {
          if ( $entry >= MAX_PROPS ||
               count( $this->features->props ) >= MAX_PROPS ) {
            $this->data_was_skipped = true;
            break;
          }
          $num_read_bytes += $id_num_bytes + 1;
          if ( $box->content_size < $num_read_bytes ) {
            return INVALID;
          }
          if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $id_num_bytes + 1 ) ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
          $item_id           = read_big_endian(
              substr( $data, 0, $id_num_bytes ), $id_num_bytes );
          $association_count = read_big_endian(
              substr( $data, $id_num_bytes, 1 ), 1 );

          for ( $property = 0; $property < $association_count; ++$property ) {
            if ( $property >= MAX_PROPS ||
                 count( $this->features->props ) >= MAX_PROPS ) {
              $this->data_was_skipped = true;
              break;
            }
            $num_read_bytes += $index_num_bytes;
            if ( $box->content_size < $num_read_bytes ) {
              return INVALID;
            }
            if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $index_num_bytes ) ) ) {
              return TRUNCATED;
            }
            $value          = read_big_endian( $data, $index_num_bytes );
            // $essential = ($value & $essential_bit_mask);  // Unused.
            $property_index = ( $value & ~$essential_bit_mask );
            if ( $property_index <= MAX_VALUE && $item_id <= MAX_VALUE ) {
              $prop_count = count( $this->features->props );
              $this->features->props[$prop_count]                 = new Prop();
              $this->features->props[$prop_count]->property_index = $property_index;
              $this->features->props[$prop_count]->item_id        = $item_id;
            } else {
              $this->data_was_skipped = true;
            }
          }
          if ( $property < $association_count ) {
            break; // Do not read garbage.
          }
        }

        // If all features are available now, do not look further.
        $status = $this->features->get_primary_item_features();
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }

        // Mostly if 'data_was_skipped'.
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - $num_read_bytes ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else {
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      }
      $num_remaining_bytes -= $box->size;
    } while ( $num_remaining_bytes > 0 );
    return NOT_FOUND;
  }

  /**
   * Parses an "iref" box.
   *
   * The "dimg" boxes contain links between tiles and their parent items, which
   * can be used to infer bit depth and number of channels for the primary item
   * when the latter does not have these properties.
   *
   * @param stream  $handle              The resource the box will be parsed from.
   * @param int     $num_remaining_bytes The number of bytes that should be available from the resource.
   * @return Status                      FOUND on success or an error on failure.
   */
  private function parse_iref( $num_remaining_bytes ) {
    do {
      $box    = new Box();
      $status = $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes, $num_remaining_bytes );
      if ( $status != FOUND ) {
        return $status;
      }

      if ( $box->type == 'dimg' ) {
        // See ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015(E) 8.11.12.2
        $num_bytes_per_id = ( $box->version == 0 ) ? 2 : 4;
        $num_read_bytes   = $num_bytes_per_id + 2;
        if ( $box->content_size < $num_read_bytes ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $num_read_bytes ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $from_item_id    = read_big_endian( $data, $num_bytes_per_id );
        $reference_count = read_big_endian( substr( $data, $num_bytes_per_id, 2 ), 2 );

        for ( $i = 0; $i < $reference_count; ++$i ) {
          if ( $i >= MAX_TILES ) {
            $this->data_was_skipped = true;
            break;
          }
          $num_read_bytes += $num_bytes_per_id;
          if ( $box->content_size < $num_read_bytes ) {
            return INVALID;
          }
          if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $num_bytes_per_id ) ) ) {
            return TRUNCATED;
          }
          $to_item_id = read_big_endian( $data, $num_bytes_per_id );
          $tile_count = count( $this->features->tiles );
          if ( $from_item_id <= MAX_VALUE && $to_item_id <= MAX_VALUE &&
               $tile_count < MAX_TILES ) {
            $this->features->tiles[$tile_count]                 = new Tile();
            $this->features->tiles[$tile_count]->tile_item_id   = $to_item_id;
            $this->features->tiles[$tile_count]->parent_item_id = $from_item_id;
          } else {
            $this->data_was_skipped = true;
          }
        }

        // If all features are available now, do not look further.
        $status = $this->features->get_primary_item_features();
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }

        // Mostly if 'data_was_skipped'.
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - $num_read_bytes ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else {
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      }
      $num_remaining_bytes -= $box->size;
    } while ( $num_remaining_bytes > 0 );
    return NOT_FOUND;
  }

  /**
   * Parses a "meta" box.
   *
   * It looks for the primary item ID in the "pitm" box and recurses into other boxes
   * to find its features.
   *
   * @param stream  $handle              The resource the box will be parsed from.
   * @param int     $num_remaining_bytes The number of bytes that should be available from the resource.
   * @return Status                      FOUND on success or an error on failure.
   */
  private function parse_meta( $num_remaining_bytes ) {
    do {
      $box    = new Box();
      $status = $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes, $num_remaining_bytes );
      if ( $status != FOUND ) {
        return $status;
      }

      if ( $box->type == 'pitm' ) {
        // See ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015(E) 8.11.4.2
        $num_bytes_per_id = ( $box->version == 0 ) ? 2 : 4;
        if ( $num_bytes_per_id > $num_remaining_bytes ) {
          return INVALID;
        }
        if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, $num_bytes_per_id ) ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
        $primary_item_id = read_big_endian( $data, $num_bytes_per_id );
        if ( $primary_item_id > MAX_VALUE ) {
          return ABORTED;
        }
        $this->features->has_primary_item = true;
        $this->features->primary_item_id  = $primary_item_id;
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - $num_bytes_per_id ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'iprp' ) {
        $status = $this->parse_iprp( $box->content_size );
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }
      } else if ( $box->type == 'iref' ) {
        $status = $this->parse_iref( $box->content_size );
        if ( $status != NOT_FOUND ) {
          return $status;
        }
      } else {
        if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
          return TRUNCATED;
        }
      }
      $num_remaining_bytes -= $box->size;
    } while ( $num_remaining_bytes != 0 );
    // According to ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012(E) 8.11.1.1 there is at most one "meta".
    return INVALID;
  }

  /**
   * Parses a file stream.
   *
   * The file type is checked through the "ftyp" box.
   *
   * @return bool True if the input stream is an AVIF bitstream or false.
   */
  public function parse_ftyp() {
    $box    = new Box();
    $status = $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes );
    if ( $status != FOUND ) {
      return false;
    }

    if ( $box->type != 'ftyp' ) {
      return false;
    }
    // Iterate over brands. See ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012(E) 4.3.1
    if ( $box->content_size < 8 ) {
      return false;
    }
    for ( $i = 0; $i + 4 <= $box->content_size; $i += 4 ) {
      if ( !( $data = read( $this->handle, 4 ) ) ) {
        return false;
      }
      if ( $i == 4 ) {
        continue; // Skip minor_version.
      }
      if ( substr( $data, 0, 4 ) == 'avif' || substr( $data, 0, 4 ) == 'avis' ) {
        return skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size - ( $i + 4 ) );
      }
      if ( $i > 32 * 4 ) {
        return false; // Be reasonable.
      }

    }
    return false; // No AVIF brand no good.
  }

  /**
   * Parses a file stream.
   *
   * Features are extracted from the "meta" box.
   *
   * @return bool True if the main features of the primary item were parsed or false.
   */
  public function parse_file() {
    $box = new Box();
    while ( $box->parse( $this->handle, $this->num_parsed_boxes ) == FOUND ) {
      if ( $box->type === 'meta' ) {
        if ( $this->parse_meta( $box->content_size ) != FOUND ) {
          return false;
        }
        return true;
      }
      if ( !skip( $this->handle, $box->content_size ) ) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return false; // No "meta" no good.
  }
}
من يقود مستقبل الذكاء الاصطناعي ChatGPT أم Deep Seek – tahkoom.com
خطوة

من يقود مستقبل الذكاء الاصطناعي ChatGPT أم Deep Seek

‏كتبت شروق عارف
مع التطور الهائل في تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي أصبح هذا المجال ساحة تنافس شرسة خاصة بين الولايات المتحدة والصين لم تعد الدول تنظر إلى الذكاء الاصطناعي كأداة مساعدة فقط بل كقوة ‏عظيمة تحدد ملامح المستقبل وتمنح الأفضلية لمن يتفوق فيه على الساحة العالمية فما هي أبرز التطورات الأخيرة في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي بين الولايات المتحدة والصين؟
في البداية، تصدرت الولايات المتحدة المشهد عبر نظام ChatGPT الذي طورته شركة OpenAI والذي أحدث ثورة في عالم الذكاء الاصطناعي التفاعلي. لكن الصين لم تلبث أن ردت بقوة من خلال نظام DeepSeek V3، الذي سرعان ما تصدر قائمة التنزيلات في الولايات المتحدة، متفوق على ChatGPT في بعض الجوانب مما أعاد إشعال المنافسة مجددا

Deep Seek منافس قوي لكنه ما زال تحت التجربة                                                                             
يرى الدكتور إبراهيم عبد الله أستاذ تكنولوجيا المعلومات في المعاهد العليا للدراسات النوعية إن منصة DeepSeek تقدم خدمات قوية ومجانية قد تدفع البعض لتفضيلها على ChatGPT لكنها لا تزال تحت التجربة، ولا يمكن الاعتماد عليها كليًا في الوقت الحالي وأضاف أن دعم البرمجيات مفتوحة المصدر يمثل فرصة مهمة للتطوير والابتكار لكن استخدامها يجب أن يتم بحذر وذلك لتجنب أي تهديدات أمنية محتمل
‏أبرز الاختلافات بين ChatGPT وDeep Seek
‏ بحسب ما ورد في موقع click up وما ذكره ماركو ممدوح يعتبر Deep Seek نموذج ذكي من تطوير شركة صينية الذي أسسها رجل الأعمال لينج وينفينج ويعتمد على أكثر من 37 مليار معلومة وذلك يمنحه دقة عالية في الإجابة يتميز بأنه مجاني بالكامل ويدعم أكثر من 95 لغة من بينها العربية حيث يظهر اداء قوي قد يتفوق علي ChatGPT في بعض الأحيان
أما ChatGPT فهو من تطوير شركة OpenAI الأمريكية وانطلق في نوفمبر 2022 بدعم من شركة مايكروسوفت يشتهر بقدرته على التفاعل بلغة طبيعي وتميزه في الكتابة الإبداعية وصناعة الصور وتحويل النصوص إلى صوت. ومع ذلك فإن نسخته الأقوى GPT-4 تتطلب اشتراك مدفوع
أيهما يتفوق
رغم أن ChatGPT يتميز بالتفاعل الواسع والإبداع في اللغة إلا أن Deep Seek يتفوق عليه في تحليل البيانات، التفكير المنطقي والرياضيات بالإضافة إلى دعمه القوي للبرمجيات مفتوحة المصدر كما يمنح المستخدمين تحكم كامل في بياناتهم في مقابل بيئة مغلقة نسبيا في ChatGPT
لكن Deep Seek لم يسلم من الانتقادات خاصة بعد كشف تقارير عن ثغرات أمنية خطيرة، منها تعطيل أنظمة تشفير على أجهزة iPhone واستخدام تقنيات قديمة قالت هيئة حماية البيانات الإيطالية أنها حظرت نموذج DeepSeek من استخدامه كما حذّرت دول مثل تايوان من استخدامه خوفًا من تسريب بيانات حساسة في المقابل يواجه ChatGPT تحديات تتعلق بالدقة والتحيز السياسي أحيانا وعدم تقديمه دائما معلومات مكتملة أو صحيحة بالإضافة إلى إمكانية تجاوزه لقيود الأمان وذلك من خلال إعادة صياغة الأسئلة

Deep Seek ينافس بقوة و لكن ChatGPTيتفوق في الأداء
من جانبه يرى عمر عاطف خبير التكنولوجيا أن الذكاء الاصطناعي أصبح منافس حقيقي في عدة مجالات سواء في كتابة المحتوى أو تحليل البيانات أو حتى التعليم، ومع ظهور أدوات مثل DeepSeek أصبح المستخدم أمام خيارات متعددة تتيح له تجربة تقنيات متقدمة بشكل مجاني وأشار إلى أن رغم قوة هذه الأدوات فإن ChatGPT لا يزال متفوق من حيث الأداء ودقة النتائج خاصة في النسخ المدفوعة التي توفر ميزات أوسع لكن المنافسة تدفع الجميع للتطوير باستمرار

ولكن يبقى الرهان الحقيقي بين عمالقة الذكاء الاصطناعي على من يستطيع تلبية احتياجات المستخدمين بذكاء وأمان وأفضل الإمكانيات في ان واحد

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