<?php /** * Taxonomy API: WP_Term_Query class. * * @package WordPress * @subpackage Taxonomy * @since 4.6.0 */ /** * Class used for querying terms. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @see WP_Term_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments. */ #[AllowDynamicProperties] class WP_Term_Query { /** * SQL string used to perform database query. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var string */ public $request; /** * Metadata query container. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var WP_Meta_Query A meta query instance. */ public $meta_query = false; /** * Metadata query clauses. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var array */ protected $meta_query_clauses; /** * SQL query clauses. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var array */ protected $sql_clauses = array( 'select' => '', 'from' => '', 'where' => array(), 'orderby' => '', 'limits' => '', ); /** * Query vars set by the user. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var array */ public $query_vars; /** * Default values for query vars. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var array */ public $query_var_defaults; /** * List of terms located by the query. * * @since 4.6.0 * @var array */ public $terms; /** * Constructor. * * Sets up the term query, based on the query vars passed. * * @since 4.6.0 * @since 4.6.0 Introduced 'term_taxonomy_id' parameter. * @since 4.7.0 Introduced 'object_ids' parameter. * @since 4.9.0 Added 'slug__in' support for 'orderby'. * @since 5.1.0 Introduced the 'meta_compare_key' parameter. * @since 5.3.0 Introduced the 'meta_type_key' parameter. * @since 6.4.0 Introduced the 'cache_results' parameter. * * @param string|array $query { * Optional. Array or query string of term query parameters. Default empty. * * @type string|string[] $taxonomy Taxonomy name, or array of taxonomy names, to which results * should be limited. * @type int|int[] $object_ids Object ID, or array of object IDs. Results will be * limited to terms associated with these objects. * @type string $orderby Field(s) to order terms by. Accepts: * - Term fields ('name', 'slug', 'term_group', 'term_id', 'id', * 'description', 'parent', 'term_order'). Unless `$object_ids` * is not empty, 'term_order' is treated the same as 'term_id'. * - 'count' to use the number of objects associated with the term. * - 'include' to match the 'order' of the `$include` param. * - 'slug__in' to match the 'order' of the `$slug` param. * - 'meta_value' * - 'meta_value_num'. * - The value of `$meta_key`. * - The array keys of `$meta_query`. * - 'none' to omit the ORDER BY clause. * Default 'name'. * @type string $order Whether to order terms in ascending or descending order. * Accepts 'ASC' (ascending) or 'DESC' (descending). * Default 'ASC'. * @type bool|int $hide_empty Whether to hide terms not assigned to any posts. Accepts * 1|true or 0|false. Default 1|true. * @type int[]|string $include Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to include. * Default empty array. * @type int[]|string $exclude Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to exclude. * If `$include` is non-empty, `$exclude` is ignored. * Default empty array. * @type int[]|string $exclude_tree Array or comma/space-separated string of term IDs to exclude * along with all of their descendant terms. If `$include` is * non-empty, `$exclude_tree` is ignored. Default empty array. * @type int|string $number Maximum number of terms to return. Accepts ''|0 (all) or any * positive number. Default ''|0 (all). Note that `$number` may * not return accurate results when coupled with `$object_ids`. * See #41796 for details. * @type int $offset The number by which to offset the terms query. Default empty. * @type string $fields Term fields to query for. Accepts: * - 'all' Returns an array of complete term objects (`WP_Term[]`). * - 'all_with_object_id' Returns an array of term objects * with the 'object_id' param (`WP_Term[]`). Works only * when the `$object_ids` parameter is populated. * - 'ids' Returns an array of term IDs (`int[]`). * - 'tt_ids' Returns an array of term taxonomy IDs (`int[]`). * - 'names' Returns an array of term names (`string[]`). * - 'slugs' Returns an array of term slugs (`string[]`). * - 'count' Returns the number of matching terms (`int`). * - 'id=>parent' Returns an associative array of parent term IDs, * keyed by term ID (`int[]`). * - 'id=>name' Returns an associative array of term names, * keyed by term ID (`string[]`). * - 'id=>slug' Returns an associative array of term slugs, * keyed by term ID (`string[]`). * Default 'all'. * @type string|string[] $name Name or array of names to return term(s) for. * Default empty. * @type string|string[] $slug Slug or array of slugs to return term(s) for. * Default empty. * @type int|int[] $term_taxonomy_id Term taxonomy ID, or array of term taxonomy IDs, * to match when querying terms. * @type bool $hierarchical Whether to include terms that have non-empty descendants * (even if `$hide_empty` is set to true). Default true. * @type string $search Search criteria to match terms. Will be SQL-formatted with * wildcards before and after. Default empty. * @type string $name__like Retrieve terms with criteria by which a term is LIKE * `$name__like`. Default empty. * @type string $description__like Retrieve terms where the description is LIKE * `$description__like`. Default empty. * @type bool $pad_counts Whether to pad the quantity of a term's children in the * quantity of each term's "count" object variable. * Default false. * @type string $get Whether to return terms regardless of ancestry or whether the * terms are empty. Accepts 'all' or '' (disabled). * Default ''. * @type int $child_of Term ID to retrieve child terms of. If multiple taxonomies * are passed, `$child_of` is ignored. Default 0. * @type int $parent Parent term ID to retrieve direct-child terms of. * Default empty. * @type bool $childless True to limit results to terms that have no children. * This parameter has no effect on non-hierarchical taxonomies. * Default false. * @type string $cache_domain Unique cache key to be produced when this query is stored in * an object cache. Default 'core'. * @type bool $cache_results Whether to cache term information. Default true. * @type bool $update_term_meta_cache Whether to prime meta caches for matched terms. Default true. * @type string|string[] $meta_key Meta key or keys to filter by. * @type string|string[] $meta_value Meta value or values to filter by. * @type string $meta_compare MySQL operator used for comparing the meta value. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_compare_key MySQL operator used for comparing the meta key. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_type MySQL data type that the meta_value column will be CAST to for comparisons. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type string $meta_type_key MySQL data type that the meta_key column will be CAST to for comparisons. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value. * @type array $meta_query An associative array of WP_Meta_Query arguments. * See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values. * } */ public function __construct( $query = '' ) { $this->query_var_defaults = array( 'taxonomy' => null, 'object_ids' => null, 'orderby' => 'name', 'order' => 'ASC', 'hide_empty' => true, 'include' => array(), 'exclude' => array(), 'exclude_tree' => array(), 'number' => '', 'offset' => '', 'fields' => 'all', 'name' => '', 'slug' => '', 'term_taxonomy_id' => '', 'hierarchical' => true, 'search' => '', 'name__like' => '', 'description__like' => '', 'pad_counts' => false, 'get' => '', 'child_of' => 0, 'parent' => '', 'childless' => false, 'cache_domain' => 'core', 'cache_results' => true, 'update_term_meta_cache' => true, 'meta_query' => '', 'meta_key' => '', 'meta_value' => '', 'meta_type' => '', 'meta_compare' => '', ); if ( ! empty( $query ) ) { $this->query( $query ); } } /** * Parse arguments passed to the term query with default query parameters. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param string|array $query WP_Term_Query arguments. See WP_Term_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments. */ public function parse_query( $query = '' ) { if ( empty( $query ) ) { $query = $this->query_vars; } $taxonomies = isset( $query['taxonomy'] ) ? (array) $query['taxonomy'] : null; /** * Filters the terms query default arguments. * * Use {@see 'get_terms_args'} to filter the passed arguments. * * @since 4.4.0 * * @param array $defaults An array of default get_terms() arguments. * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. */ $this->query_var_defaults = apply_filters( 'get_terms_defaults', $this->query_var_defaults, $taxonomies ); $query = wp_parse_args( $query, $this->query_var_defaults ); $query['number'] = absint( $query['number'] ); $query['offset'] = absint( $query['offset'] ); // 'parent' overrides 'child_of'. if ( 0 < (int) $query['parent'] ) { $query['child_of'] = false; } if ( 'all' === $query['get'] ) { $query['childless'] = false; $query['child_of'] = 0; $query['hide_empty'] = 0; $query['hierarchical'] = false; $query['pad_counts'] = false; } $query['taxonomy'] = $taxonomies; $this->query_vars = $query; /** * Fires after term query vars have been parsed. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param WP_Term_Query $query Current instance of WP_Term_Query. */ do_action( 'parse_term_query', $this ); } /** * Sets up the query and retrieves the results. * * The return type varies depending on the value passed to `$args['fields']`. See * WP_Term_Query::get_terms() for details. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param string|array $query Array or URL query string of parameters. * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string Array of terms, or number of terms as numeric string * when 'count' is passed to `$args['fields']`. */ public function query( $query ) { $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query ); return $this->get_terms(); } /** * Retrieves the query results. * * The return type varies depending on the value passed to `$args['fields']`. * * The following will result in an array of `WP_Term` objects being returned: * * - 'all' * - 'all_with_object_id' * * The following will result in a numeric string being returned: * * - 'count' * * The following will result in an array of text strings being returned: * * - 'id=>name' * - 'id=>slug' * - 'names' * - 'slugs' * * The following will result in an array of numeric strings being returned: * * - 'id=>parent' * * The following will result in an array of integers being returned: * * - 'ids' * - 'tt_ids' * * @since 4.6.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string Array of terms, or number of terms as numeric string * when 'count' is passed to `$args['fields']`. */ public function get_terms() { global $wpdb; $this->parse_query( $this->query_vars ); $args = &$this->query_vars; // Set up meta_query so it's available to 'pre_get_terms'. $this->meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query(); $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $args ); /** * Fires before terms are retrieved. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param WP_Term_Query $query Current instance of WP_Term_Query (passed by reference). */ do_action_ref_array( 'pre_get_terms', array( &$this ) ); $taxonomies = (array) $args['taxonomy']; // Save queries by not crawling the tree in the case of multiple taxes or a flat tax. $has_hierarchical_tax = false; if ( $taxonomies ) { foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) { if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $_tax ) ) { $has_hierarchical_tax = true; } } } else { // When no taxonomies are provided, assume we have to descend the tree. $has_hierarchical_tax = true; } if ( ! $has_hierarchical_tax ) { $args['hierarchical'] = false; $args['pad_counts'] = false; } // 'parent' overrides 'child_of'. if ( 0 < (int) $args['parent'] ) { $args['child_of'] = false; } if ( 'all' === $args['get'] ) { $args['childless'] = false; $args['child_of'] = 0; $args['hide_empty'] = 0; $args['hierarchical'] = false; $args['pad_counts'] = false; } /** * Filters the terms query arguments. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param array $args An array of get_terms() arguments. * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. */ $args = apply_filters( 'get_terms_args', $args, $taxonomies ); // Avoid the query if the queried parent/child_of term has no descendants. $child_of = $args['child_of']; $parent = $args['parent']; if ( $child_of ) { $_parent = $child_of; } elseif ( $parent ) { $_parent = $parent; } else { $_parent = false; } if ( $_parent ) { $in_hierarchy = false; foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) { $hierarchy = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax ); if ( isset( $hierarchy[ $_parent ] ) ) { $in_hierarchy = true; } } if ( ! $in_hierarchy ) { if ( 'count' === $args['fields'] ) { return 0; } else { $this->terms = array(); return $this->terms; } } } // 'term_order' is a legal sort order only when joining the relationship table. $_orderby = $this->query_vars['orderby']; if ( 'term_order' === $_orderby && empty( $this->query_vars['object_ids'] ) ) { $_orderby = 'term_id'; } $orderby = $this->parse_orderby( $_orderby ); if ( $orderby ) { $orderby = "ORDER BY $orderby"; } $order = $this->parse_order( $this->query_vars['order'] ); if ( $taxonomies ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['taxonomy'] = "tt.taxonomy IN ('" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . "')"; } if ( empty( $args['exclude'] ) ) { $args['exclude'] = array(); } if ( empty( $args['include'] ) ) { $args['include'] = array(); } $exclude = $args['exclude']; $exclude_tree = $args['exclude_tree']; $include = $args['include']; $inclusions = ''; if ( ! empty( $include ) ) { $exclude = ''; $exclude_tree = ''; $inclusions = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $include ) ); } if ( ! empty( $inclusions ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['inclusions'] = 't.term_id IN ( ' . $inclusions . ' )'; } $exclusions = array(); if ( ! empty( $exclude_tree ) ) { $exclude_tree = wp_parse_id_list( $exclude_tree ); $excluded_children = $exclude_tree; foreach ( $exclude_tree as $extrunk ) { $excluded_children = array_merge( $excluded_children, (array) get_terms( array( 'taxonomy' => reset( $taxonomies ), 'child_of' => (int) $extrunk, 'fields' => 'ids', 'hide_empty' => 0, ) ) ); } $exclusions = array_merge( $excluded_children, $exclusions ); } if ( ! empty( $exclude ) ) { $exclusions = array_merge( wp_parse_id_list( $exclude ), $exclusions ); } // 'childless' terms are those without an entry in the flattened term hierarchy. $childless = (bool) $args['childless']; if ( $childless ) { foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) { $term_hierarchy = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax ); $exclusions = array_merge( array_keys( $term_hierarchy ), $exclusions ); } } if ( ! empty( $exclusions ) ) { $exclusions = 't.term_id NOT IN (' . implode( ',', array_map( 'intval', $exclusions ) ) . ')'; } else { $exclusions = ''; } /** * Filters the terms to exclude from the terms query. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param string $exclusions `NOT IN` clause of the terms query. * @param array $args An array of terms query arguments. * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. */ $exclusions = apply_filters( 'list_terms_exclusions', $exclusions, $args, $taxonomies ); if ( ! empty( $exclusions ) ) { // Strip leading 'AND'. Must do string manipulation here for backward compatibility with filter. $this->sql_clauses['where']['exclusions'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $exclusions ); } if ( '' === $args['name'] ) { $args['name'] = array(); } else { $args['name'] = (array) $args['name']; } if ( ! empty( $args['name'] ) ) { $names = $args['name']; foreach ( $names as &$_name ) { // `sanitize_term_field()` returns slashed data. $_name = stripslashes( sanitize_term_field( 'name', $_name, 0, reset( $taxonomies ), 'db' ) ); } $this->sql_clauses['where']['name'] = "t.name IN ('" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $names ) ) . "')"; } if ( '' === $args['slug'] ) { $args['slug'] = array(); } else { $args['slug'] = array_map( 'sanitize_title', (array) $args['slug'] ); } if ( ! empty( $args['slug'] ) ) { $slug = implode( "', '", $args['slug'] ); $this->sql_clauses['where']['slug'] = "t.slug IN ('" . $slug . "')"; } if ( '' === $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ) { $args['term_taxonomy_id'] = array(); } else { $args['term_taxonomy_id'] = array_map( 'intval', (array) $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ); } if ( ! empty( $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ) ) { $tt_ids = implode( ',', $args['term_taxonomy_id'] ); $this->sql_clauses['where']['term_taxonomy_id'] = "tt.term_taxonomy_id IN ({$tt_ids})"; } if ( ! empty( $args['name__like'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['name__like'] = $wpdb->prepare( 't.name LIKE %s', '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $args['name__like'] ) . '%' ); } if ( ! empty( $args['description__like'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['description__like'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'tt.description LIKE %s', '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $args['description__like'] ) . '%' ); } if ( '' === $args['object_ids'] ) { $args['object_ids'] = array(); } else { $args['object_ids'] = array_map( 'intval', (array) $args['object_ids'] ); } if ( ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) { $object_ids = implode( ', ', $args['object_ids'] ); $this->sql_clauses['where']['object_ids'] = "tr.object_id IN ($object_ids)"; } /* * When querying for object relationships, the 'count > 0' check * added by 'hide_empty' is superfluous. */ if ( ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) { $args['hide_empty'] = false; } if ( '' !== $parent ) { $parent = (int) $parent; $this->sql_clauses['where']['parent'] = "tt.parent = '$parent'"; } $hierarchical = $args['hierarchical']; if ( 'count' === $args['fields'] ) { $hierarchical = false; } if ( $args['hide_empty'] && ! $hierarchical ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['count'] = 'tt.count > 0'; } $number = $args['number']; $offset = $args['offset']; // Don't limit the query results when we have to descend the family tree. if ( $number && ! $hierarchical && ! $child_of && '' === $parent ) { if ( $offset ) { $limits = 'LIMIT ' . $offset . ',' . $number; } else { $limits = 'LIMIT ' . $number; } } else { $limits = ''; } if ( ! empty( $args['search'] ) ) { $this->sql_clauses['where']['search'] = $this->get_search_sql( $args['search'] ); } // Meta query support. $join = ''; $distinct = ''; // Reparse meta_query query_vars, in case they were modified in a 'pre_get_terms' callback. $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars ); $mq_sql = $this->meta_query->get_sql( 'term', 't', 'term_id' ); $meta_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses(); if ( ! empty( $meta_clauses ) ) { $join .= $mq_sql['join']; // Strip leading 'AND'. $this->sql_clauses['where']['meta_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $mq_sql['where'] ); $distinct .= 'DISTINCT'; } $selects = array(); switch ( $args['fields'] ) { case 'count': $orderby = ''; $order = ''; $selects = array( 'COUNT(*)' ); break; default: $selects = array( 't.term_id' ); if ( 'all_with_object_id' === $args['fields'] && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) { $selects[] = 'tr.object_id'; } break; } $_fields = $args['fields']; /** * Filters the fields to select in the terms query. * * Field lists modified using this filter will only modify the term fields returned * by the function when the `$fields` parameter set to 'count' or 'all'. In all other * cases, the term fields in the results array will be determined by the `$fields` * parameter alone. * * Use of this filter can result in unpredictable behavior, and is not recommended. * * @since 2.8.0 * * @param string[] $selects An array of fields to select for the terms query. * @param array $args An array of term query arguments. * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. */ $fields = implode( ', ', apply_filters( 'get_terms_fields', $selects, $args, $taxonomies ) ); $join .= " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id"; if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['object_ids'] ) ) { $join .= " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_relationships} AS tr ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id"; $distinct = 'DISTINCT'; } $where = implode( ' AND ', $this->sql_clauses['where'] ); $pieces = array( 'fields', 'join', 'where', 'distinct', 'orderby', 'order', 'limits' ); /** * Filters the terms query SQL clauses. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param string[] $clauses { * Associative array of the clauses for the query. * * @type string $fields The SELECT clause of the query. * @type string $join The JOIN clause of the query. * @type string $where The WHERE clause of the query. * @type string $distinct The DISTINCT clause of the query. * @type string $orderby The ORDER BY clause of the query. * @type string $order The ORDER clause of the query. * @type string $limits The LIMIT clause of the query. * } * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. * @param array $args An array of term query arguments. */ $clauses = apply_filters( 'terms_clauses', compact( $pieces ), $taxonomies, $args ); $fields = isset( $clauses['fields'] ) ? $clauses['fields'] : ''; $join = isset( $clauses['join'] ) ? $clauses['join'] : ''; $where = isset( $clauses['where'] ) ? $clauses['where'] : ''; $distinct = isset( $clauses['distinct'] ) ? $clauses['distinct'] : ''; $orderby = isset( $clauses['orderby'] ) ? $clauses['orderby'] : ''; $order = isset( $clauses['order'] ) ? $clauses['order'] : ''; $limits = isset( $clauses['limits'] ) ? $clauses['limits'] : ''; $fields_is_filtered = implode( ', ', $selects ) !== $fields; if ( $where ) { $where = "WHERE $where"; } $this->sql_clauses['select'] = "SELECT $distinct $fields"; $this->sql_clauses['from'] = "FROM $wpdb->terms AS t $join"; $this->sql_clauses['orderby'] = $orderby ? "$orderby $order" : ''; $this->sql_clauses['limits'] = $limits; // Beginning of the string is on a new line to prevent leading whitespace. See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/56841. $this->request = "{$this->sql_clauses['select']} {$this->sql_clauses['from']} {$where} {$this->sql_clauses['orderby']} {$this->sql_clauses['limits']}"; $this->terms = null; /** * Filters the terms array before the query takes place. * * Return a non-null value to bypass WordPress' default term queries. * * @since 5.3.0 * * @param array|null $terms Return an array of term data to short-circuit WP's term query, * or null to allow WP queries to run normally. * @param WP_Term_Query $query The WP_Term_Query instance, passed by reference. */ $this->terms = apply_filters_ref_array( 'terms_pre_query', array( $this->terms, &$this ) ); if ( null !== $this->terms ) { return $this->terms; } if ( $args['cache_results'] ) { $cache_key = $this->generate_cache_key( $args, $this->request ); $cache = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'term-queries' ); if ( false !== $cache ) { if ( 'ids' === $_fields ) { $cache = array_map( 'intval', $cache ); } elseif ( 'count' !== $_fields ) { if ( ( 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) || ( 'all' === $_fields && $args['pad_counts'] || $fields_is_filtered ) ) { $term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $cache, 'term_id' ); } else { $term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $cache ); } _prime_term_caches( $term_ids, $args['update_term_meta_cache'] ); $term_objects = $this->populate_terms( $cache ); $cache = $this->format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields ); } $this->terms = $cache; return $this->terms; } } if ( 'count' === $_fields ) { $count = $wpdb->get_var( $this->request ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared if ( $args['cache_results'] ) { wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $count, 'term-queries' ); } return $count; } $terms = $wpdb->get_results( $this->request ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared if ( empty( $terms ) ) { if ( $args['cache_results'] ) { wp_cache_add( $cache_key, array(), 'term-queries' ); } return array(); } $term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $terms, 'term_id' ); _prime_term_caches( $term_ids, false ); $term_objects = $this->populate_terms( $terms ); if ( $child_of ) { foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) { $children = _get_term_hierarchy( $_tax ); if ( ! empty( $children ) ) { $term_objects = _get_term_children( $child_of, $term_objects, $_tax ); } } } // Update term counts to include children. if ( $args['pad_counts'] && 'all' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $taxonomies as $_tax ) { _pad_term_counts( $term_objects, $_tax ); } } // Make sure we show empty categories that have children. if ( $hierarchical && $args['hide_empty'] && is_array( $term_objects ) ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $k => $term ) { if ( ! $term->count ) { $children = get_term_children( $term->term_id, $term->taxonomy ); if ( is_array( $children ) ) { foreach ( $children as $child_id ) { $child = get_term( $child_id, $term->taxonomy ); if ( $child->count ) { continue 2; } } } // It really is empty. unset( $term_objects[ $k ] ); } } } // Hierarchical queries are not limited, so 'offset' and 'number' must be handled now. if ( $hierarchical && $number && is_array( $term_objects ) ) { if ( $offset >= count( $term_objects ) ) { $term_objects = array(); } else { $term_objects = array_slice( $term_objects, $offset, $number, true ); } } // Prime termmeta cache. if ( $args['update_term_meta_cache'] ) { $term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $term_objects, 'term_id' ); wp_lazyload_term_meta( $term_ids ); } if ( 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields && ! empty( $args['object_ids'] ) ) { $term_cache = array(); foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $object = new stdClass(); $object->term_id = $term->term_id; $object->object_id = $term->object_id; $term_cache[] = $object; } } elseif ( 'all' === $_fields && $args['pad_counts'] ) { $term_cache = array(); foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $object = new stdClass(); $object->term_id = $term->term_id; $object->count = $term->count; $term_cache[] = $object; } } elseif ( $fields_is_filtered ) { $term_cache = $term_objects; } else { $term_cache = wp_list_pluck( $term_objects, 'term_id' ); } if ( $args['cache_results'] ) { wp_cache_add( $cache_key, $term_cache, 'term-queries' ); } $this->terms = $this->format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields ); return $this->terms; } /** * Parse and sanitize 'orderby' keys passed to the term query. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param string $orderby_raw Alias for the field to order by. * @return string|false Value to used in the ORDER clause. False otherwise. */ protected function parse_orderby( $orderby_raw ) { $_orderby = strtolower( $orderby_raw ); $maybe_orderby_meta = false; if ( in_array( $_orderby, array( 'term_id', 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' ), true ) ) { $orderby = "t.$_orderby"; } elseif ( in_array( $_orderby, array( 'count', 'parent', 'taxonomy', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'description' ), true ) ) { $orderby = "tt.$_orderby"; } elseif ( 'term_order' === $_orderby ) { $orderby = 'tr.term_order'; } elseif ( 'include' === $_orderby && ! empty( $this->query_vars['include'] ) ) { $include = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['include'] ) ); $orderby = "FIELD( t.term_id, $include )"; } elseif ( 'slug__in' === $_orderby && ! empty( $this->query_vars['slug'] ) && is_array( $this->query_vars['slug'] ) ) { $slugs = implode( "', '", array_map( 'sanitize_title_for_query', $this->query_vars['slug'] ) ); $orderby = "FIELD( t.slug, '" . $slugs . "')"; } elseif ( 'none' === $_orderby ) { $orderby = ''; } elseif ( empty( $_orderby ) || 'id' === $_orderby || 'term_id' === $_orderby ) { $orderby = 't.term_id'; } else { $orderby = 't.name'; // This may be a value of orderby related to meta. $maybe_orderby_meta = true; } /** * Filters the ORDERBY clause of the terms query. * * @since 2.8.0 * * @param string $orderby `ORDERBY` clause of the terms query. * @param array $args An array of term query arguments. * @param string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names. */ $orderby = apply_filters( 'get_terms_orderby', $orderby, $this->query_vars, $this->query_vars['taxonomy'] ); // Run after the 'get_terms_orderby' filter for backward compatibility. if ( $maybe_orderby_meta ) { $maybe_orderby_meta = $this->parse_orderby_meta( $_orderby ); if ( $maybe_orderby_meta ) { $orderby = $maybe_orderby_meta; } } return $orderby; } /** * Format response depending on field requested. * * @since 6.0.0 * * @param WP_Term[] $term_objects Array of term objects. * @param string $_fields Field to format. * * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[] Array of terms / strings / ints depending on field requested. */ protected function format_terms( $term_objects, $_fields ) { $_terms = array(); if ( 'id=>parent' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->parent; } } elseif ( 'ids' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[] = (int) $term->term_id; } } elseif ( 'tt_ids' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[] = (int) $term->term_taxonomy_id; } } elseif ( 'names' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[] = $term->name; } } elseif ( 'slugs' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[] = $term->slug; } } elseif ( 'id=>name' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->name; } } elseif ( 'id=>slug' === $_fields ) { foreach ( $term_objects as $term ) { $_terms[ $term->term_id ] = $term->slug; } } elseif ( 'all' === $_fields || 'all_with_object_id' === $_fields ) { $_terms = $term_objects; } return $_terms; } /** * Generate the ORDER BY clause for an 'orderby' param that is potentially related to a meta query. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param string $orderby_raw Raw 'orderby' value passed to WP_Term_Query. * @return string ORDER BY clause. */ protected function parse_orderby_meta( $orderby_raw ) { $orderby = ''; // Tell the meta query to generate its SQL, so we have access to table aliases. $this->meta_query->get_sql( 'term', 't', 'term_id' ); $meta_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses(); if ( ! $meta_clauses || ! $orderby_raw ) { return $orderby; } $allowed_keys = array(); $primary_meta_key = null; $primary_meta_query = reset( $meta_clauses ); if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['key'] ) ) { $primary_meta_key = $primary_meta_query['key']; $allowed_keys[] = $primary_meta_key; } $allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value'; $allowed_keys[] = 'meta_value_num'; $allowed_keys = array_merge( $allowed_keys, array_keys( $meta_clauses ) ); if ( ! in_array( $orderby_raw, $allowed_keys, true ) ) { return $orderby; } switch ( $orderby_raw ) { case $primary_meta_key: case 'meta_value': if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['type'] ) ) { $orderby = "CAST({$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value AS {$primary_meta_query['cast']})"; } else { $orderby = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value"; } break; case 'meta_value_num': $orderby = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value+0"; break; default: if ( array_key_exists( $orderby_raw, $meta_clauses ) ) { // $orderby corresponds to a meta_query clause. $meta_clause = $meta_clauses[ $orderby_raw ]; $orderby = "CAST({$meta_clause['alias']}.meta_value AS {$meta_clause['cast']})"; } break; } return $orderby; } /** * Parse an 'order' query variable and cast it to ASC or DESC as necessary. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param string $order The 'order' query variable. * @return string The sanitized 'order' query variable. */ protected function parse_order( $order ) { if ( ! is_string( $order ) || empty( $order ) ) { return 'DESC'; } if ( 'ASC' === strtoupper( $order ) ) { return 'ASC'; } else { return 'DESC'; } } /** * Used internally to generate a SQL string related to the 'search' parameter. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param string $search Search string. * @return string Search SQL. */ protected function get_search_sql( $search ) { global $wpdb; $like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $search ) . '%'; return $wpdb->prepare( '((t.name LIKE %s) OR (t.slug LIKE %s))', $like, $like ); } /** * Creates an array of term objects from an array of term IDs. * * Also discards invalid term objects. * * @since 4.9.8 * * @param Object[]|int[] $terms List of objects or term ids. * @return WP_Term[] Array of `WP_Term` objects. */ protected function populate_terms( $terms ) { $term_objects = array(); if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) { return $term_objects; } foreach ( $terms as $key => $term_data ) { if ( is_object( $term_data ) && property_exists( $term_data, 'term_id' ) ) { $term = get_term( $term_data->term_id ); if ( property_exists( $term_data, 'object_id' ) ) { $term->object_id = (int) $term_data->object_id; } if ( property_exists( $term_data, 'count' ) ) { $term->count = (int) $term_data->count; } } else { $term = get_term( $term_data ); } if ( $term instanceof WP_Term ) { $term_objects[ $key ] = $term; } } return $term_objects; } /** * Generate cache key. * * @since 6.2.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param array $args WP_Term_Query arguments. * @param string $sql SQL statement. * * @return string Cache key. */ protected function generate_cache_key( array $args, $sql ) { global $wpdb; // $args can be anything. Only use the args defined in defaults to compute the key. $cache_args = wp_array_slice_assoc( $args, array_keys( $this->query_var_defaults ) ); unset( $cache_args['cache_results'], $cache_args['update_term_meta_cache'] ); if ( 'count' !== $args['fields'] && 'all_with_object_id' !== $args['fields'] ) { $cache_args['fields'] = 'all'; } // Replace wpdb placeholder in the SQL statement used by the cache key. $sql = $wpdb->remove_placeholder_escape( $sql ); $key = md5( serialize( $cache_args ) . $sql ); $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'terms' ); return "get_terms:$key:$last_changed"; } }

معرفة

مشاعر الذكاء الاصطناعي.. حقيقة أم وهم؟

مايو 19, 2025

7٬260 3 دقائق

كتبت إيريني أنطون

في عالم تتسارع فيه تطورات الذكاء الاصطناعي، لم يعد دوره يقتصر على تنفيذ الأوامر وتحليل البيانات، بل أصبح قادراً على محاكاة المشاعر البشرية والتفاعل معها بطرق تثير التساؤلات. هل هذه مجرد برمجة متطورة أم أن الآلات قد تقترب من امتلاك وعي عاطفي حقيقي؟

دراسات حديثة في مجالات علم النفس وعلوم الحاسوب تشير إلى إمكانية تطوير أنظمة ذكاء اصطناعي قادرة على التعرف على المشاعر البشرية والتفاعل معها بشكل أكثر تعقيداً، لكن الخبراء ما زالوا منقسمين حول ما إذا كان هذا يعني أن الآلة يمكن أن “تشعر” بالفعل، أم أنها مجرد خوارزميات تحاكي العاطفة دون إدراك حقيقي لها.

حين ننظر في عيون شخص يبكي أو نسمع نبرة الفرح في صوت آخر، نحن لا ندرك المشاعر فحسب، بل نشعر بها أيضاً. هذه القدرة على الإحساس والتعاطف لطالما كانت ما يميز الإنسان عن الآلة. لكن اليوم، ومع تطور الذكاء الاصطناعي، بدأت الحدود تتلاشى. روبوتات تتحدث بحنان، أنظمة تواسي مستخدميها، وبرمجيات تتفاعل مع الحزن والفرح وكأنها تمتلك وعياً عاطفياً. فهل يمكن للآلة أن تشعر حقاً، أم أن كل ما تفعله مجرد محاكاة بارعة تخدعنا للحظات؟

“الذكاء الاصطناعي أشبه بدمية متطورة جداً”

قال أستاذ عبدالله الدالي، مطور برمجيات، إن: “الذكاء الاصطناعي مثل الممثل المحترف، لا يشعر بالمشاعر الحقيقية ولكنه يعرف أن يقلدها”. وأضاف أستاذ عبدالله أنه يمكن تصميم أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي بحيث تبدو وكأنها تمتلك مشاعر، حيث قال: “المبرمجين يصممون النظام بحيث يحلل الحديث أو الموقف مثل نبرة الصوت، ثم يختار رد مناسب من قاعدة بيانات بها عبارات جاهزة تعبر عن فرح أو زعل أو حتى تعاطف، بمعنى أنه يتم وضع سيناريو ثابت في البرمجة. على سبيل المثال، عندما تقول له ‘أنا حزين’، يرد الرد المبرمج عليه، مثلًا: ‘لماذا أنت حزين؟’”.

من جانبه، قال أستاذ وليد دبور، أستاذ مساعد الذكاء الاصطناعي بجامعة الأهرام الكندية: “الذكاء الاصطناعي الحالي أشبه بدمية متطورة جداً، تتحدث وتتحرك بذكاء لكنها لا تعيش ولا تشعر”. وأكد أستاذ وليد: “لا توجد طريقة لصنع مشاعر حقيقية في الآلات حالياً، وما يحدث هو مجرد تدريب لبيانات وخوارزميات الذكاء الاصطناعي. إذا دربته على نصوص عدوانية قد تصبح ردوده حادة، وإذا دربته على نصوص حزينة، سيقلد اللغة الحزينة، لكن هذا مجرد تمثيل وليس مشاعر حقيقية إطلاقاً”. وشرح أستاذ عبدالله قائلاً: “الإحساس عملية بيولوجية مرتبطة بالمخ والهرمونات عند البشر، بينما الذكاء الاصطناعي ليس إلا مجرد كود وخوارزميات، وهذه محاكاة ذكية جداً”.

“الجهاز العصبي والنفسي مرتبطان ببعضهما وميز الله بهما الكائنات الحية فقط”

قالت دكتورة ماري جرجس، استشارية صحة نفسية: “العناصر التي تشكل المشاعر توجد في الجزء الأوسط من الدماغ وهي منطقة قريبة من اللاوعي، وبالتالي لا يتحكم بها العقل أو المنطق. المشاعر هي كل ما يشعر به الإنسان من فرح وحب وحزن وغضب وغيرها”. وأكدت دكتورة ماري أنه: “لا يمكن لآلة أن تمتلك مشاعر حقيقية، وإلا ستكون مشاعر مزيفة عن طريق التحكم في برمجة تلك الآلة. يمكن للذكاء الاصطناعي أن يفعل أي شيء ويوصل لتقدمات كبيرة جداً، لكن من الصعب أن يتحكم في شيء له علاقة بالسلوكيات والنفسية والجهاز العصبي. فالجهاز العصبي والنفسي مرتبطان ببعضهما وميز الله بهما الكائنات الحية فقط، ومن الصعب أن تمتلكهما آلة. وفي حالة الوصول لتلك التقنيات وتنفيذها بشكل فعلي، ستكون مجرد محاكاة، وسيوضح ذلك في عدم وضوح الحالة الانفعالية بجودتها الطبيعية”.

“المشاعر تحتاج إلى وعي ذاتي”

يرى البعض أن المشاعر تحتاج إلى وعي ذاتي، وهو ما لا يمتلكه الذكاء الاصطناعي حتى الآن، بينما يعتقد آخرون أن المشاعر ليست سوى عمليات إدراكية يمكن برمجتها. بين الرؤيتين، يقف الجدل العلمي والفلسفي.

قالت أستاذة مارتينا سمير، معيدة بقسم الفلسفة في كلية البنات جامعة عين شمس: “المشاعر تعرف فلسفياً بأنها تفاعلات بيولوجية وفكرية للذات الإنسانية، والأنظمة الذكية هي فقط تحاكي العقل البشري، لكن مستحيل أن تصل بالفعل للشعور مثله لأنها لا تمتلك تجربة شعورية واقعية كالبشر. وفي حالة وصولها لذلك، ستكون مجرد محاكاة من خلال الخوارزميات والبيانات المغذية بها من قبل، ولكنها تحتاج لوعي ذاتي، فهي بالنهاية خدع ذكية”.

وأوضحت أستاذة مارتينا قائلة: “بالنسبة لمفهوم الثنائية بين العقل والجسد، تعني الانفصال بين العقل المعنوي والجسد المادي. وهذا المفهوم يعطي إمكانية لامتلاك الذكاء الاصطناعي مشاعر كما البشر، لأن في هذه الحالة لن يحتاج إلى جسم بيولوجي ووعي إنساني حقيقي لكي يشعر. وفي هذه الحالة قد يكون للأنظمة الذكية فرصة لتحمل وعي أو مشاعر من وجهة نظر الفلسفة”.

ورغم التقدم الهائل في الذكاء الاصطناعي، فإن إمكانية امتلاكه مشاعر حقيقية تظل محل جدل واسع. من منظور البرمجة، لا يزال الذكاء الاصطناعي يعتمد على خوارزميات تحاكي المشاعر دون إدراك حقيقي لها. علم النفس يؤكد أن المشاعر ترتبط بتجارب ذاتية وتفاعلات عصبية وهرمونية لا يمكن محاكاتها برمجيًا بشكل كامل. أما الفلسفة، فرغم بعض النظريات التي تفتح المجال أمام إمكانية وعي منفصل عن الجسد، فإنها تتفق مع العلم على أن الوعي والمشاعر كما نعرفها تظل معقدة إلى حد يجعل من الصعب جدًا، إن لم يكن مستحيلًا، أن تمتلكها الآلة. في النهاية، قد يتمكن الذكاء الاصطناعي من خداعنا باستجاباته العاطفية، لكنه سيبقى بلا إحساس حقيقي، مجرد محاكاة متقنة لمشاعر لا يعيشها بالفعل.

مايو 19, 2025

7٬260 3 دقائق