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/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/canonical.php
<?php
/**
 * Canonical API to handle WordPress Redirecting
 *
 * Based on "Permalink Redirect" from Scott Yang and "Enforce www. Preference"
 * by Mark Jaquith
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @since 2.3.0
 */

/**
 * Redirects incoming links to the proper URL based on the site url.
 *
 * Search engines consider www.somedomain.com and somedomain.com to be two
 * different URLs when they both go to the same location. This SEO enhancement
 * prevents penalty for duplicate content by redirecting all incoming links to
 * one or the other.
 *
 * Prevents redirection for feeds, trackbacks, searches, and
 * admin URLs. Does not redirect on non-pretty-permalink-supporting IIS 7+,
 * page/post previews, WP admin, Trackbacks, robots.txt, favicon.ico, searches,
 * or on POST requests.
 *
 * Will also attempt to find the correct link when a user enters a URL that does
 * not exist based on exact WordPress query. Will instead try to parse the URL
 * or query in an attempt to figure the correct page to go to.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 * @global bool       $is_IIS
 * @global WP_Query   $wp_query   WordPress Query object.
 * @global wpdb       $wpdb       WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global WP         $wp         Current WordPress environment instance.
 *
 * @param string $requested_url Optional. The URL that was requested, used to
 *                              figure if redirect is needed.
 * @param bool   $do_redirect   Optional. Redirect to the new URL.
 * @return string|void The string of the URL, if redirect needed.
 */
function redirect_canonical( $requested_url = null, $do_redirect = true ) {
	global $wp_rewrite, $is_IIS, $wp_query, $wpdb, $wp;

	if ( isset( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ) && ! in_array( strtoupper( $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] ), array( 'GET', 'HEAD' ), true ) ) {
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * If we're not in wp-admin and the post has been published and preview nonce
	 * is non-existent or invalid then no need for preview in query.
	 */
	if ( is_preview() && get_query_var( 'p' ) && 'publish' === get_post_status( get_query_var( 'p' ) ) ) {
		if ( ! isset( $_GET['preview_id'] )
			|| ! isset( $_GET['preview_nonce'] )
			|| ! wp_verify_nonce( $_GET['preview_nonce'], 'post_preview_' . (int) $_GET['preview_id'] )
		) {
			$wp_query->is_preview = false;
		}
	}

	if ( is_admin() || is_search() || is_preview() || is_trackback() || is_favicon()
		|| ( $is_IIS && ! iis7_supports_permalinks() )
	) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! $requested_url && isset( $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] ) ) {
		// Build the URL in the address bar.
		$requested_url  = is_ssl() ? 'https://' : 'http://';
		$requested_url .= $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
		$requested_url .= $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
	}

	$original = parse_url( $requested_url );
	if ( false === $original ) {
		return;
	}

	$redirect     = $original;
	$redirect_url = false;
	$redirect_obj = false;

	// Notice fixing.
	if ( ! isset( $redirect['path'] ) ) {
		$redirect['path'] = '';
	}
	if ( ! isset( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
		$redirect['query'] = '';
	}

	/*
	 * If the original URL ended with non-breaking spaces, they were almost
	 * certainly inserted by accident. Let's remove them, so the reader doesn't
	 * see a 404 error with no obvious cause.
	 */
	$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( '|(%C2%A0)+$|i', '', $redirect['path'] );

	// It's not a preview, so remove it from URL.
	if ( get_query_var( 'preview' ) ) {
		$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'preview', $redirect['query'] );
	}

	$post_id = get_query_var( 'p' );

	if ( is_feed() && $post_id ) {
		$redirect_url = get_post_comments_feed_link( $post_id, get_query_var( 'feed' ) );
		$redirect_obj = get_post( $post_id );

		if ( $redirect_url ) {
			$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
				$redirect['query'],
				array( 'p', 'page_id', 'attachment_id', 'pagename', 'name', 'post_type', 'feed' ),
				$redirect_url
			);

			$redirect['path'] = parse_url( $redirect_url, PHP_URL_PATH );
		}
	}

	if ( is_singular() && $wp_query->post_count < 1 && $post_id ) {

		$vars = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT post_type, post_parent FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ID = %d", $post_id ) );

		if ( ! empty( $vars[0] ) ) {
			$vars = $vars[0];

			if ( 'revision' === $vars->post_type && $vars->post_parent > 0 ) {
				$post_id = $vars->post_parent;
			}

			$redirect_url = get_permalink( $post_id );
			$redirect_obj = get_post( $post_id );

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
					$redirect['query'],
					array( 'p', 'page_id', 'attachment_id', 'pagename', 'name', 'post_type' ),
					$redirect_url
				);
			}
		}
	}

	// These tests give us a WP-generated permalink.
	if ( is_404() ) {

		// Redirect ?page_id, ?p=, ?attachment_id= to their respective URLs.
		$post_id = max( get_query_var( 'p' ), get_query_var( 'page_id' ), get_query_var( 'attachment_id' ) );

		$redirect_post = $post_id ? get_post( $post_id ) : false;

		if ( $redirect_post ) {
			$post_type_obj = get_post_type_object( $redirect_post->post_type );

			if ( $post_type_obj && $post_type_obj->public && 'auto-draft' !== $redirect_post->post_status ) {
				$redirect_url = get_permalink( $redirect_post );
				$redirect_obj = get_post( $redirect_post );

				$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
					$redirect['query'],
					array( 'p', 'page_id', 'attachment_id', 'pagename', 'name', 'post_type' ),
					$redirect_url
				);
			}
		}

		$year  = get_query_var( 'year' );
		$month = get_query_var( 'monthnum' );
		$day   = get_query_var( 'day' );

		if ( $year && $month && $day ) {
			$date = sprintf( '%04d-%02d-%02d', $year, $month, $day );

			if ( ! wp_checkdate( $month, $day, $year, $date ) ) {
				$redirect_url = get_month_link( $year, $month );

				$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
					$redirect['query'],
					array( 'year', 'monthnum', 'day' ),
					$redirect_url
				);
			}
		} elseif ( $year && $month && $month > 12 ) {
			$redirect_url = get_year_link( $year );

			$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
				$redirect['query'],
				array( 'year', 'monthnum' ),
				$redirect_url
			);
		}

		// Strip off non-existing <!--nextpage--> links from single posts or pages.
		if ( get_query_var( 'page' ) ) {
			$post_id = 0;

			if ( $wp_query->queried_object instanceof WP_Post ) {
				$post_id = $wp_query->queried_object->ID;
			} elseif ( $wp_query->post ) {
				$post_id = $wp_query->post->ID;
			}

			if ( $post_id ) {
				$redirect_url = get_permalink( $post_id );
				$redirect_obj = get_post( $post_id );

				$redirect['path']  = rtrim( $redirect['path'], (int) get_query_var( 'page' ) . '/' );
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'page', $redirect['query'] );
			}
		}

		if ( ! $redirect_url ) {
			$redirect_url = redirect_guess_404_permalink();

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url(
					$redirect['query'],
					array( 'page', 'feed', 'p', 'page_id', 'attachment_id', 'pagename', 'name', 'post_type' ),
					$redirect_url
				);
			}
		}
	} elseif ( is_object( $wp_rewrite ) && $wp_rewrite->using_permalinks() ) {

		// Rewriting of old ?p=X, ?m=2004, ?m=200401, ?m=20040101.
		if ( is_attachment()
			&& ! array_diff( array_keys( $wp->query_vars ), array( 'attachment', 'attachment_id' ) )
			&& ! $redirect_url
		) {
			if ( ! empty( $_GET['attachment_id'] ) ) {
				$redirect_url = get_attachment_link( get_query_var( 'attachment_id' ) );
				$redirect_obj = get_post( get_query_var( 'attachment_id' ) );

				if ( $redirect_url ) {
					$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'attachment_id', $redirect['query'] );
				}
			} else {
				$redirect_url = get_attachment_link();
				$redirect_obj = get_post();
			}
		} elseif ( is_single() && ! empty( $_GET['p'] ) && ! $redirect_url ) {
			$redirect_url = get_permalink( get_query_var( 'p' ) );
			$redirect_obj = get_post( get_query_var( 'p' ) );

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( array( 'p', 'post_type' ), $redirect['query'] );
			}
		} elseif ( is_single() && ! empty( $_GET['name'] ) && ! $redirect_url ) {
			$redirect_url = get_permalink( $wp_query->get_queried_object_id() );
			$redirect_obj = get_post( $wp_query->get_queried_object_id() );

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'name', $redirect['query'] );
			}
		} elseif ( is_page() && ! empty( $_GET['page_id'] ) && ! $redirect_url ) {
			$redirect_url = get_permalink( get_query_var( 'page_id' ) );
			$redirect_obj = get_post( get_query_var( 'page_id' ) );

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'page_id', $redirect['query'] );
			}
		} elseif ( is_page() && ! is_feed() && ! $redirect_url
			&& 'page' === get_option( 'show_on_front' ) && get_queried_object_id() === (int) get_option( 'page_on_front' )
		) {
			$redirect_url = home_url( '/' );
		} elseif ( is_home() && ! empty( $_GET['page_id'] ) && ! $redirect_url
			&& 'page' === get_option( 'show_on_front' ) && get_query_var( 'page_id' ) === (int) get_option( 'page_for_posts' )
		) {
			$redirect_url = get_permalink( get_option( 'page_for_posts' ) );
			$redirect_obj = get_post( get_option( 'page_for_posts' ) );

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'page_id', $redirect['query'] );
			}
		} elseif ( ! empty( $_GET['m'] ) && ( is_year() || is_month() || is_day() ) ) {
			$m = get_query_var( 'm' );

			switch ( strlen( $m ) ) {
				case 4: // Yearly.
					$redirect_url = get_year_link( $m );
					break;
				case 6: // Monthly.
					$redirect_url = get_month_link( substr( $m, 0, 4 ), substr( $m, 4, 2 ) );
					break;
				case 8: // Daily.
					$redirect_url = get_day_link( substr( $m, 0, 4 ), substr( $m, 4, 2 ), substr( $m, 6, 2 ) );
					break;
			}

			if ( $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'm', $redirect['query'] );
			}
			// Now moving on to non ?m=X year/month/day links.
		} elseif ( is_date() ) {
			$year  = get_query_var( 'year' );
			$month = get_query_var( 'monthnum' );
			$day   = get_query_var( 'day' );

			if ( is_day() && $year && $month && ! empty( $_GET['day'] ) ) {
				$redirect_url = get_day_link( $year, $month, $day );

				if ( $redirect_url ) {
					$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( array( 'year', 'monthnum', 'day' ), $redirect['query'] );
				}
			} elseif ( is_month() && $year && ! empty( $_GET['monthnum'] ) ) {
				$redirect_url = get_month_link( $year, $month );

				if ( $redirect_url ) {
					$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( array( 'year', 'monthnum' ), $redirect['query'] );
				}
			} elseif ( is_year() && ! empty( $_GET['year'] ) ) {
				$redirect_url = get_year_link( $year );

				if ( $redirect_url ) {
					$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'year', $redirect['query'] );
				}
			}
		} elseif ( is_author() && ! empty( $_GET['author'] )
			&& is_string( $_GET['author'] ) && preg_match( '|^[0-9]+$|', $_GET['author'] )
		) {
			$author = get_userdata( get_query_var( 'author' ) );

			if ( false !== $author
				&& $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE $wpdb->posts.post_author = %d AND $wpdb->posts.post_status = 'publish' LIMIT 1", $author->ID ) )
			) {
				$redirect_url = get_author_posts_url( $author->ID, $author->user_nicename );
				$redirect_obj = $author;

				if ( $redirect_url ) {
					$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'author', $redirect['query'] );
				}
			}
		} elseif ( is_category() || is_tag() || is_tax() ) { // Terms (tags/categories).
			$term_count = 0;

			foreach ( $wp_query->tax_query->queried_terms as $tax_query ) {
				if ( isset( $tax_query['terms'] ) && is_countable( $tax_query['terms'] ) ) {
					$term_count += count( $tax_query['terms'] );
				}
			}

			$obj = $wp_query->get_queried_object();

			if ( $term_count <= 1 && ! empty( $obj->term_id ) ) {
				$tax_url = get_term_link( (int) $obj->term_id, $obj->taxonomy );

				if ( $tax_url && ! is_wp_error( $tax_url ) ) {
					if ( ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
						// Strip taxonomy query vars off the URL.
						$qv_remove = array( 'term', 'taxonomy' );

						if ( is_category() ) {
							$qv_remove[] = 'category_name';
							$qv_remove[] = 'cat';
						} elseif ( is_tag() ) {
							$qv_remove[] = 'tag';
							$qv_remove[] = 'tag_id';
						} else {
							// Custom taxonomies will have a custom query var, remove those too.
							$tax_obj = get_taxonomy( $obj->taxonomy );
							if ( false !== $tax_obj->query_var ) {
								$qv_remove[] = $tax_obj->query_var;
							}
						}

						$rewrite_vars = array_diff( array_keys( $wp_query->query ), array_keys( $_GET ) );

						// Check to see if all the query vars are coming from the rewrite, none are set via $_GET.
						if ( ! array_diff( $rewrite_vars, array_keys( $_GET ) ) ) {
							// Remove all of the per-tax query vars.
							$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( $qv_remove, $redirect['query'] );

							// Create the destination URL for this taxonomy.
							$tax_url = parse_url( $tax_url );

							if ( ! empty( $tax_url['query'] ) ) {
								// Taxonomy accessible via ?taxonomy=...&term=... or any custom query var.
								parse_str( $tax_url['query'], $query_vars );
								$redirect['query'] = add_query_arg( $query_vars, $redirect['query'] );
							} else {
								// Taxonomy is accessible via a "pretty URL".
								$redirect['path'] = $tax_url['path'];
							}
						} else {
							// Some query vars are set via $_GET. Unset those from $_GET that exist via the rewrite.
							foreach ( $qv_remove as $_qv ) {
								if ( isset( $rewrite_vars[ $_qv ] ) ) {
									$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( $_qv, $redirect['query'] );
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} elseif ( is_single() && str_contains( $wp_rewrite->permalink_structure, '%category%' ) ) {
			$category_name = get_query_var( 'category_name' );

			if ( $category_name ) {
				$category = get_category_by_path( $category_name );

				if ( ! $category || is_wp_error( $category )
					|| ! has_term( $category->term_id, 'category', $wp_query->get_queried_object_id() )
				) {
					$redirect_url = get_permalink( $wp_query->get_queried_object_id() );
					$redirect_obj = get_post( $wp_query->get_queried_object_id() );
				}
			}
		}

		// Post paging.
		if ( is_singular() && get_query_var( 'page' ) ) {
			$page = get_query_var( 'page' );

			if ( ! $redirect_url ) {
				$redirect_url = get_permalink( get_queried_object_id() );
				$redirect_obj = get_post( get_queried_object_id() );
			}

			if ( $page > 1 ) {
				$redirect_url = trailingslashit( $redirect_url );

				if ( is_front_page() ) {
					$redirect_url .= user_trailingslashit( "$wp_rewrite->pagination_base/$page", 'paged' );
				} else {
					$redirect_url .= user_trailingslashit( $page, 'single_paged' );
				}
			}

			$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'page', $redirect['query'] );
		}

		if ( get_query_var( 'sitemap' ) ) {
			$redirect_url      = get_sitemap_url( get_query_var( 'sitemap' ), get_query_var( 'sitemap-subtype' ), get_query_var( 'paged' ) );
			$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( array( 'sitemap', 'sitemap-subtype', 'paged' ), $redirect['query'] );
		} elseif ( get_query_var( 'paged' ) || is_feed() || get_query_var( 'cpage' ) ) {
			// Paging and feeds.
			$paged = get_query_var( 'paged' );
			$feed  = get_query_var( 'feed' );
			$cpage = get_query_var( 'cpage' );

			while ( preg_match( "#/$wp_rewrite->pagination_base/?[0-9]+?(/+)?$#", $redirect['path'] )
				|| preg_match( '#/(comments/?)?(feed|rss2?|rdf|atom)(/+)?$#', $redirect['path'] )
				|| preg_match( "#/{$wp_rewrite->comments_pagination_base}-[0-9]+(/+)?$#", $redirect['path'] )
			) {
				// Strip off any existing paging.
				$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( "#/$wp_rewrite->pagination_base/?[0-9]+?(/+)?$#", '/', $redirect['path'] );
				// Strip off feed endings.
				$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( '#/(comments/?)?(feed|rss2?|rdf|atom)(/+|$)#', '/', $redirect['path'] );
				// Strip off any existing comment paging.
				$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( "#/{$wp_rewrite->comments_pagination_base}-[0-9]+?(/+)?$#", '/', $redirect['path'] );
			}

			$addl_path    = '';
			$default_feed = get_default_feed();

			if ( is_feed() && in_array( $feed, $wp_rewrite->feeds, true ) ) {
				$addl_path = ! empty( $addl_path ) ? trailingslashit( $addl_path ) : '';

				if ( ! is_singular() && get_query_var( 'withcomments' ) ) {
					$addl_path .= 'comments/';
				}

				if ( ( 'rss' === $default_feed && 'feed' === $feed ) || 'rss' === $feed ) {
					$format = ( 'rss2' === $default_feed ) ? '' : 'rss2';
				} else {
					$format = ( $default_feed === $feed || 'feed' === $feed ) ? '' : $feed;
				}

				$addl_path .= user_trailingslashit( 'feed/' . $format, 'feed' );

				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'feed', $redirect['query'] );
			} elseif ( is_feed() && 'old' === $feed ) {
				$old_feed_files = array(
					'wp-atom.php'         => 'atom',
					'wp-commentsrss2.php' => 'comments_rss2',
					'wp-feed.php'         => $default_feed,
					'wp-rdf.php'          => 'rdf',
					'wp-rss.php'          => 'rss2',
					'wp-rss2.php'         => 'rss2',
				);

				if ( isset( $old_feed_files[ basename( $redirect['path'] ) ] ) ) {
					$redirect_url = get_feed_link( $old_feed_files[ basename( $redirect['path'] ) ] );

					wp_redirect( $redirect_url, 301 );
					die();
				}
			}

			if ( $paged > 0 ) {
				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'paged', $redirect['query'] );

				if ( ! is_feed() ) {
					if ( ! is_single() ) {
						$addl_path = ! empty( $addl_path ) ? trailingslashit( $addl_path ) : '';

						if ( $paged > 1 ) {
							$addl_path .= user_trailingslashit( "$wp_rewrite->pagination_base/$paged", 'paged' );
						}
					}
				} elseif ( $paged > 1 ) {
					$redirect['query'] = add_query_arg( 'paged', $paged, $redirect['query'] );
				}
			}

			$default_comments_page = get_option( 'default_comments_page' );

			if ( get_option( 'page_comments' )
				&& ( 'newest' === $default_comments_page && $cpage > 0
					|| 'newest' !== $default_comments_page && $cpage > 1 )
			) {
				$addl_path  = ( ! empty( $addl_path ) ? trailingslashit( $addl_path ) : '' );
				$addl_path .= user_trailingslashit( $wp_rewrite->comments_pagination_base . '-' . $cpage, 'commentpaged' );

				$redirect['query'] = remove_query_arg( 'cpage', $redirect['query'] );
			}

			// Strip off trailing /index.php/.
			$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( '|/' . preg_quote( $wp_rewrite->index, '|' ) . '/?$|', '/', $redirect['path'] );
			$redirect['path'] = user_trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] );

			if ( ! empty( $addl_path )
				&& $wp_rewrite->using_index_permalinks()
				&& ! str_contains( $redirect['path'], '/' . $wp_rewrite->index . '/' )
			) {
				$redirect['path'] = trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] ) . $wp_rewrite->index . '/';
			}

			if ( ! empty( $addl_path ) ) {
				$redirect['path'] = trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] ) . $addl_path;
			}

			$redirect_url = $redirect['scheme'] . '://' . $redirect['host'] . $redirect['path'];
		}

		if ( 'wp-register.php' === basename( $redirect['path'] ) ) {
			if ( is_multisite() ) {
				/** This filter is documented in wp-login.php */
				$redirect_url = apply_filters( 'wp_signup_location', network_site_url( 'wp-signup.php' ) );
			} else {
				$redirect_url = wp_registration_url();
			}

			wp_redirect( $redirect_url, 301 );
			die();
		}
	}

	$is_attachment_redirect = false;

	if ( is_attachment() && ! get_option( 'wp_attachment_pages_enabled' ) ) {
		$attachment_id        = get_query_var( 'attachment_id' );
		$attachment_post      = get_post( $attachment_id );
		$attachment_parent_id = $attachment_post ? $attachment_post->post_parent : 0;
		$attachment_url       = wp_get_attachment_url( $attachment_id );

		if ( $attachment_url !== $redirect_url ) {
			/*
			 * If an attachment is attached to a post, it inherits the parent post's status.
			 * Fetch the parent post to check its status later.
			 */
			if ( $attachment_parent_id ) {
				$redirect_obj = get_post( $attachment_parent_id );
			}

			$redirect_url = $attachment_url;
		}

		$is_attachment_redirect = true;
	}

	$redirect['query'] = preg_replace( '#^\??&*?#', '', $redirect['query'] );

	// Tack on any additional query vars.
	if ( $redirect_url && ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
		parse_str( $redirect['query'], $_parsed_query );
		$redirect = parse_url( $redirect_url );

		if ( ! empty( $_parsed_query['name'] ) && ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
			parse_str( $redirect['query'], $_parsed_redirect_query );

			if ( empty( $_parsed_redirect_query['name'] ) ) {
				unset( $_parsed_query['name'] );
			}
		}

		$_parsed_query = array_combine(
			rawurlencode_deep( array_keys( $_parsed_query ) ),
			rawurlencode_deep( array_values( $_parsed_query ) )
		);

		$redirect_url = add_query_arg( $_parsed_query, $redirect_url );
	}

	if ( $redirect_url ) {
		$redirect = parse_url( $redirect_url );
	}

	// www.example.com vs. example.com
	$user_home = parse_url( home_url() );

	if ( ! empty( $user_home['host'] ) ) {
		$redirect['host'] = $user_home['host'];
	}

	if ( empty( $user_home['path'] ) ) {
		$user_home['path'] = '/';
	}

	// Handle ports.
	if ( ! empty( $user_home['port'] ) ) {
		$redirect['port'] = $user_home['port'];
	} else {
		unset( $redirect['port'] );
	}

	// Trailing /index.php.
	$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( '|/' . preg_quote( $wp_rewrite->index, '|' ) . '/*?$|', '/', $redirect['path'] );

	$punctuation_pattern = implode(
		'|',
		array_map(
			'preg_quote',
			array(
				' ',
				'%20',  // Space.
				'!',
				'%21',  // Exclamation mark.
				'"',
				'%22',  // Double quote.
				"'",
				'%27',  // Single quote.
				'(',
				'%28',  // Opening bracket.
				')',
				'%29',  // Closing bracket.
				',',
				'%2C',  // Comma.
				'.',
				'%2E',  // Period.
				';',
				'%3B',  // Semicolon.
				'{',
				'%7B',  // Opening curly bracket.
				'}',
				'%7D',  // Closing curly bracket.
				'%E2%80%9C', // Opening curly quote.
				'%E2%80%9D', // Closing curly quote.
			)
		)
	);

	// Remove trailing spaces and end punctuation from the path.
	$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( "#($punctuation_pattern)+$#", '', $redirect['path'] );

	if ( ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
		// Remove trailing spaces and end punctuation from certain terminating query string args.
		$redirect['query'] = preg_replace( "#((^|&)(p|page_id|cat|tag)=[^&]*?)($punctuation_pattern)+$#", '$1', $redirect['query'] );

		// Clean up empty query strings.
		$redirect['query'] = trim( preg_replace( '#(^|&)(p|page_id|cat|tag)=?(&|$)#', '&', $redirect['query'] ), '&' );

		// Redirect obsolete feeds.
		$redirect['query'] = preg_replace( '#(^|&)feed=rss(&|$)#', '$1feed=rss2$2', $redirect['query'] );

		// Remove redundant leading ampersands.
		$redirect['query'] = preg_replace( '#^\??&*?#', '', $redirect['query'] );
	}

	// Strip /index.php/ when we're not using PATHINFO permalinks.
	if ( ! $wp_rewrite->using_index_permalinks() ) {
		$redirect['path'] = str_replace( '/' . $wp_rewrite->index . '/', '/', $redirect['path'] );
	}

	// Trailing slashes.
	if ( is_object( $wp_rewrite ) && $wp_rewrite->using_permalinks()
		&& ! $is_attachment_redirect
		&& ! is_404() && ( ! is_front_page() || is_front_page() && get_query_var( 'paged' ) > 1 )
	) {
		$user_ts_type = '';

		if ( get_query_var( 'paged' ) > 0 ) {
			$user_ts_type = 'paged';
		} else {
			foreach ( array( 'single', 'category', 'page', 'day', 'month', 'year', 'home' ) as $type ) {
				$func = 'is_' . $type;
				if ( call_user_func( $func ) ) {
					$user_ts_type = $type;
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		$redirect['path'] = user_trailingslashit( $redirect['path'], $user_ts_type );
	} elseif ( is_front_page() ) {
		$redirect['path'] = trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] );
	}

	// Remove trailing slash for robots.txt or sitemap requests.
	if ( is_robots()
		|| ! empty( get_query_var( 'sitemap' ) ) || ! empty( get_query_var( 'sitemap-stylesheet' ) )
	) {
		$redirect['path'] = untrailingslashit( $redirect['path'] );
	}

	// Strip multiple slashes out of the URL.
	if ( str_contains( $redirect['path'], '//' ) ) {
		$redirect['path'] = preg_replace( '|/+|', '/', $redirect['path'] );
	}

	// Always trailing slash the Front Page URL.
	if ( trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] ) === trailingslashit( $user_home['path'] ) ) {
		$redirect['path'] = trailingslashit( $redirect['path'] );
	}

	$original_host_low = strtolower( $original['host'] );
	$redirect_host_low = strtolower( $redirect['host'] );

	/*
	 * Ignore differences in host capitalization, as this can lead to infinite redirects.
	 * Only redirect no-www <=> yes-www.
	 */
	if ( $original_host_low === $redirect_host_low
		|| ( 'www.' . $original_host_low !== $redirect_host_low
			&& 'www.' . $redirect_host_low !== $original_host_low )
	) {
		$redirect['host'] = $original['host'];
	}

	$compare_original = array( $original['host'], $original['path'] );

	if ( ! empty( $original['port'] ) ) {
		$compare_original[] = $original['port'];
	}

	if ( ! empty( $original['query'] ) ) {
		$compare_original[] = $original['query'];
	}

	$compare_redirect = array( $redirect['host'], $redirect['path'] );

	if ( ! empty( $redirect['port'] ) ) {
		$compare_redirect[] = $redirect['port'];
	}

	if ( ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
		$compare_redirect[] = $redirect['query'];
	}

	if ( $compare_original !== $compare_redirect ) {
		$redirect_url = $redirect['scheme'] . '://' . $redirect['host'];

		if ( ! empty( $redirect['port'] ) ) {
			$redirect_url .= ':' . $redirect['port'];
		}

		$redirect_url .= $redirect['path'];

		if ( ! empty( $redirect['query'] ) ) {
			$redirect_url .= '?' . $redirect['query'];
		}
	}

	if ( ! $redirect_url || $redirect_url === $requested_url ) {
		return;
	}

	// Hex-encoded octets are case-insensitive.
	if ( str_contains( $requested_url, '%' ) ) {
		if ( ! function_exists( 'lowercase_octets' ) ) {
			/**
			 * Converts the first hex-encoded octet match to lowercase.
			 *
			 * @since 3.1.0
			 * @ignore
			 *
			 * @param array $matches Hex-encoded octet matches for the requested URL.
			 * @return string Lowercased version of the first match.
			 */
			function lowercase_octets( $matches ) {
				return strtolower( $matches[0] );
			}
		}

		$requested_url = preg_replace_callback( '|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', 'lowercase_octets', $requested_url );
	}

	if ( $redirect_obj instanceof WP_Post ) {
		$post_status_obj = get_post_status_object( get_post_status( $redirect_obj ) );
		/*
		 * Unset the redirect object and URL if they are not readable by the user.
		 * This condition is a little confusing as the condition needs to pass if
		 * the post is not readable by the user. That's why there are ! (not) conditions
		 * throughout.
		 */
		if (
			// Private post statuses only redirect if the user can read them.
			! (
				$post_status_obj->private &&
				current_user_can( 'read_post', $redirect_obj->ID )
			) &&
			// For other posts, only redirect if publicly viewable.
			! is_post_publicly_viewable( $redirect_obj )
		) {
			$redirect_obj = false;
			$redirect_url = false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the canonical redirect URL.
	 *
	 * Returning false to this filter will cancel the redirect.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $redirect_url  The redirect URL.
	 * @param string $requested_url The requested URL.
	 */
	$redirect_url = apply_filters( 'redirect_canonical', $redirect_url, $requested_url );

	// Yes, again -- in case the filter aborted the request.
	if ( ! $redirect_url || strip_fragment_from_url( $redirect_url ) === strip_fragment_from_url( $requested_url ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( $do_redirect ) {
		// Protect against chained redirects.
		if ( ! redirect_canonical( $redirect_url, false ) ) {
			wp_redirect( $redirect_url, 301 );
			exit;
		} else {
			// Debug.
			// die("1: $redirect_url<br />2: " . redirect_canonical( $redirect_url, false ) );
			return;
		}
	} else {
		return $redirect_url;
	}
}

/**
 * Removes arguments from a query string if they are not present in a URL
 * DO NOT use this in plugin code.
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @param string $query_string
 * @param array  $args_to_check
 * @param string $url
 * @return string The altered query string
 */
function _remove_qs_args_if_not_in_url( $query_string, array $args_to_check, $url ) {
	$parsed_url = parse_url( $url );

	if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['query'] ) ) {
		parse_str( $parsed_url['query'], $parsed_query );

		foreach ( $args_to_check as $qv ) {
			if ( ! isset( $parsed_query[ $qv ] ) ) {
				$query_string = remove_query_arg( $qv, $query_string );
			}
		}
	} else {
		$query_string = remove_query_arg( $args_to_check, $query_string );
	}

	return $query_string;
}

/**
 * Strips the #fragment from a URL, if one is present.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param string $url The URL to strip.
 * @return string The altered URL.
 */
function strip_fragment_from_url( $url ) {
	$parsed_url = wp_parse_url( $url );

	if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['host'] ) ) {
		$url = '';

		if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['scheme'] ) ) {
			$url = $parsed_url['scheme'] . ':';
		}

		$url .= '//' . $parsed_url['host'];

		if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['port'] ) ) {
			$url .= ':' . $parsed_url['port'];
		}

		if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['path'] ) ) {
			$url .= $parsed_url['path'];
		}

		if ( ! empty( $parsed_url['query'] ) ) {
			$url .= '?' . $parsed_url['query'];
		}
	}

	return $url;
}

/**
 * Attempts to guess the correct URL for a 404 request based on query vars.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @return string|false The correct URL if one is found. False on failure.
 */
function redirect_guess_404_permalink() {
	global $wpdb;

	/**
	 * Filters whether to attempt to guess a redirect URL for a 404 request.
	 *
	 * Returning a false value from the filter will disable the URL guessing
	 * and return early without performing a redirect.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $do_redirect_guess Whether to attempt to guess a redirect URL
	 *                                for a 404 request. Default true.
	 */
	if ( false === apply_filters( 'do_redirect_guess_404_permalink', true ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Short-circuits the redirect URL guessing for 404 requests.
	 *
	 * Returning a non-null value from the filter will effectively short-circuit
	 * the URL guessing, returning the passed value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param null|string|false $pre Whether to short-circuit guessing the redirect for a 404.
	 *                               Default null to continue with the URL guessing.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( 'pre_redirect_guess_404_permalink', null );
	if ( null !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	if ( get_query_var( 'name' ) ) {
		$publicly_viewable_statuses   = array_filter( get_post_stati(), 'is_post_status_viewable' );
		$publicly_viewable_post_types = array_filter( get_post_types( array( 'exclude_from_search' => false ) ), 'is_post_type_viewable' );

		/**
		 * Filters whether to perform a strict guess for a 404 redirect.
		 *
		 * Returning a truthy value from the filter will redirect only exact post_name matches.
		 *
		 * @since 5.5.0
		 *
		 * @param bool $strict_guess Whether to perform a strict guess. Default false (loose guess).
		 */
		$strict_guess = apply_filters( 'strict_redirect_guess_404_permalink', false );

		if ( $strict_guess ) {
			$where = $wpdb->prepare( 'post_name = %s', get_query_var( 'name' ) );
		} else {
			$where = $wpdb->prepare( 'post_name LIKE %s', $wpdb->esc_like( get_query_var( 'name' ) ) . '%' );
		}

		// If any of post_type, year, monthnum, or day are set, use them to refine the query.
		if ( get_query_var( 'post_type' ) ) {
			if ( is_array( get_query_var( 'post_type' ) ) ) {
				$post_types = array_intersect( get_query_var( 'post_type' ), $publicly_viewable_post_types );
				if ( empty( $post_types ) ) {
					return false;
				}
				$where .= " AND post_type IN ('" . join( "', '", esc_sql( get_query_var( 'post_type' ) ) ) . "')";
			} else {
				if ( ! in_array( get_query_var( 'post_type' ), $publicly_viewable_post_types, true ) ) {
					return false;
				}
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND post_type = %s', get_query_var( 'post_type' ) );
			}
		} else {
			$where .= " AND post_type IN ('" . implode( "', '", esc_sql( $publicly_viewable_post_types ) ) . "')";
		}

		if ( get_query_var( 'year' ) ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND YEAR(post_date) = %d', get_query_var( 'year' ) );
		}
		if ( get_query_var( 'monthnum' ) ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND MONTH(post_date) = %d', get_query_var( 'monthnum' ) );
		}
		if ( get_query_var( 'day' ) ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND DAYOFMONTH(post_date) = %d', get_query_var( 'day' ) );
		}

		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.InterpolatedNotPrepared
		$post_id = $wpdb->get_var( "SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE $where AND post_status IN ('" . implode( "', '", esc_sql( $publicly_viewable_statuses ) ) . "')" );

		if ( ! $post_id ) {
			return false;
		}

		if ( get_query_var( 'feed' ) ) {
			return get_post_comments_feed_link( $post_id, get_query_var( 'feed' ) );
		} elseif ( get_query_var( 'page' ) > 1 ) {
			return trailingslashit( get_permalink( $post_id ) ) . user_trailingslashit( get_query_var( 'page' ), 'single_paged' );
		} else {
			return get_permalink( $post_id );
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Redirects a variety of shorthand URLs to the admin.
 *
 * If a user visits example.com/admin, they'll be redirected to /wp-admin.
 * Visiting /login redirects to /wp-login.php, and so on.
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 */
function wp_redirect_admin_locations() {
	global $wp_rewrite;

	if ( ! ( is_404() && $wp_rewrite->using_permalinks() ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$admins = array(
		home_url( 'wp-admin', 'relative' ),
		home_url( 'dashboard', 'relative' ),
		home_url( 'admin', 'relative' ),
		site_url( 'dashboard', 'relative' ),
		site_url( 'admin', 'relative' ),
	);

	if ( in_array( untrailingslashit( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ), $admins, true ) ) {
		wp_redirect( admin_url() );
		exit;
	}

	$logins = array(
		home_url( 'wp-login.php', 'relative' ),
		home_url( 'login.php', 'relative' ),
		home_url( 'login', 'relative' ),
		site_url( 'login', 'relative' ),
	);

	if ( in_array( untrailingslashit( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ), $logins, true ) ) {
		wp_redirect( wp_login_url() );
		exit;
	}
}
التكنولوجيا تغزو الأعصاب..زراعة الشرائح الدماغية و مخاطرها – tahkoom.com
معرفة

التكنولوجيا تغزو الأعصاب..زراعة الشرائح الدماغية و مخاطرها

كتبت إيريني أنطون

لم يعد الذكاء الاصطناعي مجرد أداة تساعد الأطباء في التشخيص والعلاج، بل بات يمتد إلى أدمغتنا نفسها، فاتحًا الباب أمام إمكانيات غير مسبوقة، وأيضًا مخاوف وتساؤلات لا حصر لها. يعمل العلماء على تطوير شرائح تزرع داخل الدماغ، قادرة على إعادة الحركة لمرضى الشلل، وتحسين حالات الاكتئاب والقلق، بل وحتى استعادة الذاكرة لمن يعانون من أمراض مثل الزهايمر. فهل نحن على أعتاب ثورة طبية تعيد تشكيل قدراتنا العقلية؟ أم أن هذه التكنولوجيا قد تحمل مخاطر أكبر مما نتخيل؟

تكنولوجيا الشرائح الدماغية لا تزال في مراحلها الأولى عالميًا، وفي مصر بدأ الأطباء في متابعة أحدث التطورات العالمية في زراعة الشرائح الدماغية على أمل توفيرها لمرضى فقدان الحركة أو الاضطرابات النفسية.

“الشرائح الدماغية: أمل للمرضى”

قالت دكتورة ماريا ألفي، أخصائية أمراض مخ وأعصاب بالقصر العيني: “هذه الشرائح تُستخدم في علاج أمراض مثل الشلل، والشلل الرعاش، وبعض أمراض الذاكرة، والأمراض النفسية، والتشنجات، ويتم تطويرها لاستعادة الوظائف الحسية والحركية. ولكن حتى الآن، لن تصل هذه التكنولوجيا إلى مصر لأنها مازالت تحت التجارب والدراسات في الخارج”.

وأوضحت دكتورة ماريا ألفي أن هذه الشرائح تعمل على تسجيل الإشارات العصبية من الدماغ وتحويلها إلى أوامر للأجهزة المستخدمة مثل الأطراف الصناعية، فيتحكم بها المريض من خلال أفكاره. وأضافت أن هناك تجارب حاليًا لتحويل الإشارات العصبية المرتبطة بالكلام إلى نصوص أو أصوات، مما يعطي أملًا كبيرًا لمرضى فقدان النطق.

التحديات والمخاطر

قال الدكتور بولا جرجس، جراح مخ وأعصاب ونائب رئيس جراحة المخ والأعصاب بالقصر العيني سابقًا: “هناك تحديات تقنية وطبية تجعل هذه التكنولوجيا غير بديلة للعلاجات التقليدية في الوقت الحالي، لكنها يمكن أن تقلل من الحاجة للأدوية في بعض الحالات”.

وأوضح د. بولا جرجس أن لهذه الشرائح مضاعفات ومخاطر، من بينها تليف الأنسجة المحيطة بالشريحة، والنزيف الدماغي أثناء الجراحة أو بعدها، والعدوى التي قد تؤدي إلى إزالة الشريحة مع احتمالية حدوث اضطراب في كهرباء المخ. بالإضافة إلى أن هذه الشرائح قد تؤثر على المزاج والسلوك وتحدث تغيرات في التفكير والعاطفة.

مستقبل الشرائح الدماغية في مصر

أضاف د. بولا جرجس أن هناك مستشفيات متقدمة جدًا في مصر مثل القصر العيني، ومستشفى عين شمس التخصصي، ومعهد ناصر، قادرة على إجراء هذه العمليات بمجرد الانتهاء من مراحل البحث العالمية ووصول هذه التقنيات والأبحاث إلى مصر. وأوضح أن عمليات التحفيز العميق تُجرى في مصر لمرضى اضطرابات الحركة ومرضى باركنسون، لكن الشرائح لم تُستخدم حتى الآن.

واختتمت د. ماريا حديثها بقولها: “من المتوقع في المستقبل أن تصبح هذه الشرائح أكثر كفاءة، ويتم التحكم فيها لاسلكيًا، مما سيسمح للمرضى باستخدامها بسهولة أكبر. ودمجها بالذكاء الاصطناعي سيساعد في تفاعلها مع الإشارات العصبية، مما يجعلها أكثر دقة وفعالية”.

لا شك أن الشرائح الدماغية تمثل قفزة هائلة في عالم الطب العصبي، وقد تحمل مستقبلاً مشرقًا لملايين المرضى حول العالم. ومع ذلك، فإن التحديات التقنية والطبية لا تزال قائمة، مما يجعل هذه التكنولوجيا بحاجة إلى مزيد من الأبحاث قبل أن تصبح متاحة على نطاق واسع.

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