<?php
/**
* Taxonomy API: WP_Tax_Query class
*
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage Taxonomy
* @since 4.4.0
*/
/**
* Core class used to implement taxonomy queries for the Taxonomy API.
*
* Used for generating SQL clauses that filter a primary query according to object
* taxonomy terms.
*
* WP_Tax_Query is a helper that allows primary query classes, such as WP_Query, to filter
* their results by object metadata, by generating `JOIN` and `WHERE` subclauses to be
* attached to the primary SQL query string.
*
* @since 3.1.0
*/
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class WP_Tax_Query {
/**
* Array of taxonomy queries.
*
* See WP_Tax_Query::__construct() for information on tax query arguments.
*
* @since 3.1.0
* @var array
*/
public $queries = array();
/**
* The relation between the queries. Can be one of 'AND' or 'OR'.
*
* @since 3.1.0
* @var string
*/
public $relation;
/**
* Standard response when the query should not return any rows.
*
* @since 3.2.0
* @var string
*/
private static $no_results = array(
'join' => array( '' ),
'where' => array( '0 = 1' ),
);
/**
* A flat list of table aliases used in the JOIN clauses.
*
* @since 4.1.0
* @var array
*/
protected $table_aliases = array();
/**
* Terms and taxonomies fetched by this query.
*
* We store this data in a flat array because they are referenced in a
* number of places by WP_Query.
*
* @since 4.1.0
* @var array
*/
public $queried_terms = array();
/**
* Database table that where the metadata's objects are stored (eg $wpdb->users).
*
* @since 4.1.0
* @var string
*/
public $primary_table;
/**
* Column in 'primary_table' that represents the ID of the object.
*
* @since 4.1.0
* @var string
*/
public $primary_id_column;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @since 3.1.0
* @since 4.1.0 Added support for `$operator` 'NOT EXISTS' and 'EXISTS' values.
*
* @param array $tax_query {
* Array of taxonomy query clauses.
*
* @type string $relation Optional. The MySQL keyword used to join
* the clauses of the query. Accepts 'AND', or 'OR'. Default 'AND'.
* @type array ...$0 {
* An array of first-order clause parameters, or another fully-formed tax query.
*
* @type string $taxonomy Taxonomy being queried. Optional when field=term_taxonomy_id.
* @type string|int|array $terms Term or terms to filter by.
* @type string $field Field to match $terms against. Accepts 'term_id', 'slug',
* 'name', or 'term_taxonomy_id'. Default: 'term_id'.
* @type string $operator MySQL operator to be used with $terms in the WHERE clause.
* Accepts 'AND', 'IN', 'NOT IN', 'EXISTS', 'NOT EXISTS'.
* Default: 'IN'.
* @type bool $include_children Optional. Whether to include child terms.
* Requires a $taxonomy. Default: true.
* }
* }
*/
public function __construct( $tax_query ) {
if ( isset( $tax_query['relation'] ) ) {
$this->relation = $this->sanitize_relation( $tax_query['relation'] );
} else {
$this->relation = 'AND';
}
$this->queries = $this->sanitize_query( $tax_query );
}
/**
* Ensures the 'tax_query' argument passed to the class constructor is well-formed.
*
* Ensures that each query-level clause has a 'relation' key, and that
* each first-order clause contains all the necessary keys from `$defaults`.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @param array $queries Array of queries clauses.
* @return array Sanitized array of query clauses.
*/
public function sanitize_query( $queries ) {
$cleaned_query = array();
$defaults = array(
'taxonomy' => '',
'terms' => array(),
'field' => 'term_id',
'operator' => 'IN',
'include_children' => true,
);
foreach ( $queries as $key => $query ) {
if ( 'relation' === $key ) {
$cleaned_query['relation'] = $this->sanitize_relation( $query );
// First-order clause.
} elseif ( self::is_first_order_clause( $query ) ) {
$cleaned_clause = array_merge( $defaults, $query );
$cleaned_clause['terms'] = (array) $cleaned_clause['terms'];
$cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_clause;
/*
* Keep a copy of the clause in the flate
* $queried_terms array, for use in WP_Query.
*/
if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['taxonomy'] ) && 'NOT IN' !== $cleaned_clause['operator'] ) {
$taxonomy = $cleaned_clause['taxonomy'];
if ( ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ] = array();
}
/*
* Backward compatibility: Only store the first
* 'terms' and 'field' found for a given taxonomy.
*/
if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['terms'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] ) ) {
$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['terms'] = $cleaned_clause['terms'];
}
if ( ! empty( $cleaned_clause['field'] ) && ! isset( $this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] ) ) {
$this->queried_terms[ $taxonomy ]['field'] = $cleaned_clause['field'];
}
}
// Otherwise, it's a nested query, so we recurse.
} elseif ( is_array( $query ) ) {
$cleaned_subquery = $this->sanitize_query( $query );
if ( ! empty( $cleaned_subquery ) ) {
// All queries with children must have a relation.
if ( ! isset( $cleaned_subquery['relation'] ) ) {
$cleaned_subquery['relation'] = 'AND';
}
$cleaned_query[] = $cleaned_subquery;
}
}
}
return $cleaned_query;
}
/**
* Sanitizes a 'relation' operator.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @param string $relation Raw relation key from the query argument.
* @return string Sanitized relation. Either 'AND' or 'OR'.
*/
public function sanitize_relation( $relation ) {
if ( 'OR' === strtoupper( $relation ) ) {
return 'OR';
} else {
return 'AND';
}
}
/**
* Determines whether a clause is first-order.
*
* A "first-order" clause is one that contains any of the first-order
* clause keys ('terms', 'taxonomy', 'include_children', 'field',
* 'operator'). An empty clause also counts as a first-order clause,
* for backward compatibility. Any clause that doesn't meet this is
* determined, by process of elimination, to be a higher-order query.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @param array $query Tax query arguments.
* @return bool Whether the query clause is a first-order clause.
*/
protected static function is_first_order_clause( $query ) {
return is_array( $query ) && ( empty( $query ) || array_key_exists( 'terms', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'taxonomy', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'include_children', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'field', $query ) || array_key_exists( 'operator', $query ) );
}
/**
* Generates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query.
*
* @since 3.1.0
*
* @param string $primary_table Database table where the object being filtered is stored (eg wp_users).
* @param string $primary_id_column ID column for the filtered object in $primary_table.
* @return string[] {
* Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query.
*
* @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause.
* @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause.
* }
*/
public function get_sql( $primary_table, $primary_id_column ) {
$this->primary_table = $primary_table;
$this->primary_id_column = $primary_id_column;
return $this->get_sql_clauses();
}
/**
* Generates SQL clauses to be appended to a main query.
*
* Called by the public WP_Tax_Query::get_sql(), this method
* is abstracted out to maintain parity with the other Query classes.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @return string[] {
* Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to the main query.
*
* @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause.
* @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause.
* }
*/
protected function get_sql_clauses() {
/*
* $queries are passed by reference to get_sql_for_query() for recursion.
* To keep $this->queries unaltered, pass a copy.
*/
$queries = $this->queries;
$sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $queries );
if ( ! empty( $sql['where'] ) ) {
$sql['where'] = ' AND ' . $sql['where'];
}
return $sql;
}
/**
* Generates SQL clauses for a single query array.
*
* If nested subqueries are found, this method recurses the tree to
* produce the properly nested SQL.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @param array $query Query to parse (passed by reference).
* @param int $depth Optional. Number of tree levels deep we currently are.
* Used to calculate indentation. Default 0.
* @return string[] {
* Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a single query array.
*
* @type string $join SQL fragment to append to the main JOIN clause.
* @type string $where SQL fragment to append to the main WHERE clause.
* }
*/
protected function get_sql_for_query( &$query, $depth = 0 ) {
$sql_chunks = array(
'join' => array(),
'where' => array(),
);
$sql = array(
'join' => '',
'where' => '',
);
$indent = '';
for ( $i = 0; $i < $depth; $i++ ) {
$indent .= ' ';
}
foreach ( $query as $key => &$clause ) {
if ( 'relation' === $key ) {
$relation = $query['relation'];
} elseif ( is_array( $clause ) ) {
// This is a first-order clause.
if ( $this->is_first_order_clause( $clause ) ) {
$clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_clause( $clause, $query );
$where_count = count( $clause_sql['where'] );
if ( ! $where_count ) {
$sql_chunks['where'][] = '';
} elseif ( 1 === $where_count ) {
$sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'][0];
} else {
$sql_chunks['where'][] = '( ' . implode( ' AND ', $clause_sql['where'] ) . ' )';
}
$sql_chunks['join'] = array_merge( $sql_chunks['join'], $clause_sql['join'] );
// This is a subquery, so we recurse.
} else {
$clause_sql = $this->get_sql_for_query( $clause, $depth + 1 );
$sql_chunks['where'][] = $clause_sql['where'];
$sql_chunks['join'][] = $clause_sql['join'];
}
}
}
// Filter to remove empties.
$sql_chunks['join'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['join'] );
$sql_chunks['where'] = array_filter( $sql_chunks['where'] );
if ( empty( $relation ) ) {
$relation = 'AND';
}
// Filter duplicate JOIN clauses and combine into a single string.
if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['join'] ) ) {
$sql['join'] = implode( ' ', array_unique( $sql_chunks['join'] ) );
}
// Generate a single WHERE clause with proper brackets and indentation.
if ( ! empty( $sql_chunks['where'] ) ) {
$sql['where'] = '( ' . "\n " . $indent . implode( ' ' . "\n " . $indent . $relation . ' ' . "\n " . $indent, $sql_chunks['where'] ) . "\n" . $indent . ')';
}
return $sql;
}
/**
* Generates SQL JOIN and WHERE clauses for a "first-order" query clause.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object.
*
* @param array $clause Query clause (passed by reference).
* @param array $parent_query Parent query array.
* @return array {
* Array containing JOIN and WHERE SQL clauses to append to a first-order query.
*
* @type string[] $join Array of SQL fragments to append to the main JOIN clause.
* @type string[] $where Array of SQL fragments to append to the main WHERE clause.
* }
*/
public function get_sql_for_clause( &$clause, $parent_query ) {
global $wpdb;
$sql = array(
'where' => array(),
'join' => array(),
);
$join = '';
$where = '';
$this->clean_query( $clause );
if ( is_wp_error( $clause ) ) {
return self::$no_results;
}
$terms = $clause['terms'];
$operator = strtoupper( $clause['operator'] );
if ( 'IN' === $operator ) {
if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
return self::$no_results;
}
$terms = implode( ',', $terms );
/*
* Before creating another table join, see if this clause has a
* sibling with an existing join that can be shared.
*/
$alias = $this->find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query );
if ( false === $alias ) {
$i = count( $this->table_aliases );
$alias = $i ? 'tt' . $i : $wpdb->term_relationships;
// Store the alias as part of a flat array to build future iterators.
$this->table_aliases[] = $alias;
// Store the alias with this clause, so later siblings can use it.
$clause['alias'] = $alias;
$join .= " LEFT JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships";
$join .= $i ? " AS $alias" : '';
$join .= " ON ($this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column = $alias.object_id)";
}
$where = "$alias.term_taxonomy_id $operator ($terms)";
} elseif ( 'NOT IN' === $operator ) {
if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
return $sql;
}
$terms = implode( ',', $terms );
$where = "$this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column NOT IN (
SELECT object_id
FROM $wpdb->term_relationships
WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms)
)";
} elseif ( 'AND' === $operator ) {
if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
return $sql;
}
$num_terms = count( $terms );
$terms = implode( ',', $terms );
$where = "(
SELECT COUNT(1)
FROM $wpdb->term_relationships
WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($terms)
AND object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column
) = $num_terms";
} elseif ( 'NOT EXISTS' === $operator || 'EXISTS' === $operator ) {
$where = $wpdb->prepare(
"$operator (
SELECT 1
FROM $wpdb->term_relationships
INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy
ON $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id = $wpdb->term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id
WHERE $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = %s
AND $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id = $this->primary_table.$this->primary_id_column
)",
$clause['taxonomy']
);
}
$sql['join'][] = $join;
$sql['where'][] = $where;
return $sql;
}
/**
* Identifies an existing table alias that is compatible with the current query clause.
*
* We avoid unnecessary table joins by allowing each clause to look for
* an existing table alias that is compatible with the query that it
* needs to perform.
*
* An existing alias is compatible if (a) it is a sibling of `$clause`
* (ie, it's under the scope of the same relation), and (b) the combination
* of operator and relation between the clauses allows for a shared table
* join. In the case of WP_Tax_Query, this only applies to 'IN'
* clauses that are connected by the relation 'OR'.
*
* @since 4.1.0
*
* @param array $clause Query clause.
* @param array $parent_query Parent query of $clause.
* @return string|false Table alias if found, otherwise false.
*/
protected function find_compatible_table_alias( $clause, $parent_query ) {
$alias = false;
// Confidence check. Only IN queries use the JOIN syntax.
if ( ! isset( $clause['operator'] ) || 'IN' !== $clause['operator'] ) {
return $alias;
}
// Since we're only checking IN queries, we're only concerned with OR relations.
if ( ! isset( $parent_query['relation'] ) || 'OR' !== $parent_query['relation'] ) {
return $alias;
}
$compatible_operators = array( 'IN' );
foreach ( $parent_query as $sibling ) {
if ( ! is_array( $sibling ) || ! $this->is_first_order_clause( $sibling ) ) {
continue;
}
if ( empty( $sibling['alias'] ) || empty( $sibling['operator'] ) ) {
continue;
}
// The sibling must both have compatible operator to share its alias.
if ( in_array( strtoupper( $sibling['operator'] ), $compatible_operators, true ) ) {
$alias = preg_replace( '/\W/', '_', $sibling['alias'] );
break;
}
}
return $alias;
}
/**
* Validates a single query.
*
* @since 3.2.0
*
* @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference.
*/
private function clean_query( &$query ) {
if ( empty( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {
if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' !== $query['field'] ) {
$query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
return;
}
// So long as there are shared terms, 'include_children' requires that a taxonomy is set.
$query['include_children'] = false;
} elseif ( ! taxonomy_exists( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {
$query = new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
return;
}
if ( 'slug' === $query['field'] || 'name' === $query['field'] ) {
$query['terms'] = array_unique( (array) $query['terms'] );
} else {
$query['terms'] = wp_parse_id_list( $query['terms'] );
}
if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) && $query['include_children'] ) {
$this->transform_query( $query, 'term_id' );
if ( is_wp_error( $query ) ) {
return;
}
$children = array();
foreach ( $query['terms'] as $term ) {
$children = array_merge( $children, get_term_children( $term, $query['taxonomy'] ) );
$children[] = $term;
}
$query['terms'] = $children;
}
$this->transform_query( $query, 'term_taxonomy_id' );
}
/**
* Transforms a single query, from one field to another.
*
* Operates on the `$query` object by reference. In the case of error,
* `$query` is converted to a WP_Error object.
*
* @since 3.2.0
*
* @param array $query The single query. Passed by reference.
* @param string $resulting_field The resulting field. Accepts 'slug', 'name', 'term_taxonomy_id',
* or 'term_id'. Default 'term_id'.
*/
public function transform_query( &$query, $resulting_field ) {
if ( empty( $query['terms'] ) ) {
return;
}
if ( $query['field'] === $resulting_field ) {
return;
}
$resulting_field = sanitize_key( $resulting_field );
// Empty 'terms' always results in a null transformation.
$terms = array_filter( $query['terms'] );
if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
$query['terms'] = array();
$query['field'] = $resulting_field;
return;
}
$args = array(
'get' => 'all',
'number' => 0,
'taxonomy' => $query['taxonomy'],
'update_term_meta_cache' => false,
'orderby' => 'none',
);
// Term query parameter name depends on the 'field' being searched on.
switch ( $query['field'] ) {
case 'slug':
$args['slug'] = $terms;
break;
case 'name':
$args['name'] = $terms;
break;
case 'term_taxonomy_id':
$args['term_taxonomy_id'] = $terms;
break;
default:
$args['include'] = wp_parse_id_list( $terms );
break;
}
if ( ! is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $query['taxonomy'] ) ) {
$args['number'] = count( $terms );
}
$term_query = new WP_Term_Query();
$term_list = $term_query->query( $args );
if ( is_wp_error( $term_list ) ) {
$query = $term_list;
return;
}
if ( 'AND' === $query['operator'] && count( $term_list ) < count( $query['terms'] ) ) {
$query = new WP_Error( 'inexistent_terms', __( 'Inexistent terms.' ) );
return;
}
$query['terms'] = wp_list_pluck( $term_list, $resulting_field );
$query['field'] = $resulting_field;
}
}
في زمنٍ لم تعد فيه الأزرار تُضغط
فقط بالأصابع، بل بالأفكار والبيانات، وُلدت تحكم.
لسنا مجرد مجلة تقنية… نحن مرآة لعصر تغيّرت فيه موازين السيطرة.
نرصد كيف أصبحت التكنولوجيا شريكًا في القرار، لاعبًا في الاقتصاد، ومرشدًا للإنسان — وأحيانًا سيدًا عليه.
“تحكم” تسأل الأسئلة التي يتجنبها الآخرون:
هل لا زلنا نمسك بزمام التكنولوجيا؟
أم أن الخوارزميات صارت تمسك بنا، وتوجّه اختياراتنا، مشاعرنا، وحتى وعينا؟
في صفحاتنا، لا نُجامل الثورة الرقمية… بل نفكّكها، نُحللها، ونطرحها على طاولة النقاش.
من الذكاء الاصطناعي إلى السيادة الرقمية، من الخصوصية إلى تحوّل الإنسان نفسه…
“تحكم” تقف على الخط الفاصل بين الإنسان والآلة، وتُنيره.
نحن لا نُخبرك فقط بما يحدث، بل لماذا يحدث، ولمن، وعلى حساب من.
تحكم… لأنّ من يملك المعلومة، يملك السيطرة.
رسالة المجلة:
نسعى في تحكم إلى تقديم محتوى تقني معمّق، تحليلي ونقدي، يُعنى بكشف الأبعاد الخفية للثورة الرقمية وتأثيراتها على الإنسان والمجتمع. نرصد تحوّلات السيطرة في عصر البيانات، ونُسلّط الضوء على تداخل التكنولوجيا بالقرار والسيادة والمعرفة، من دون تزييف أو انبهار أعمى. هدفنا هو تمكين القارئ من الفهم الواعي، والاختيار المستقل، في زمن أصبحت فيه الخوارزميات طرفًا خفيًا في المعادلة.
رؤية المجلة:
أن تكون تحكم المرجع العربي الأول في تحليل وتفكيك العلاقة بين الإنسان والتكنولوجيا، والمنصة التي تصنع الوعي الرقمي الحر، وتقود النقاشات الجريئة حول مستقبلنا المشترك مع الذكاء الاصطناعي والتحوّلات الرقمية. نطمح إلى بناء جيل يُمسك بزمام التقنية… لا العكس.
الأقسام:
قسم تفاعل..يركز على تأثير التكنولوجيا على الحياة الاجتماعية و التقنيات الحديثة.
يهتم بدراسة كيف غيرت التقنيات الحديثة أساليب التواصل، وأنماط العمل، و اشكال المدن ، وحتى في ميادين القتال.
قسم خدمة..في مجال التكنولوجيا يركز على تطوير البرمجيات والخدمات الرقمية التي تُستخدم لتسهيل حياة الأفراد وتحسين أداء الأعمال.
قسم معرفة..تركز في مجال التكنولوجيا لتحسين الخدمات الصحية وتطوير العملية التعليمية. في الصحة، يشمل ذلك تطبيقات التشخيص عن بُعد، والذكاء الاصطناعي في التشخيص والعلاج. أما في التعليم، فيركز على التعلم الإلكتروني، الواقع الافتراضي، وأنظمة إدارة التعلم التي تسهم في تحسين تجربة الطالب والمعلم على حد سواء.
قسم خطوة..في مجال التكنولوجيا يهتم بدراسة تأثير التكنولوجيا على الاقتصاد، وتوظيفها في إنشاء وتطوير المشاريع الناشئة والصغيرة. يُركز هذا القسم على استخدام الأدوات الرقمية لتحسين العمليات الاقتصادية، مثل التجارة الإلكترونية، والتحول الرقمي في الأعمال.
قسم الميديا..خاص بعرض التقارير المصورة و الحوارات الخاصة بالتكنولوجيا.
نحن فريق من طلاب كلية الإعلام، نكتب ونصمّم ونحلّل لنقدّم محتوى أصيلًا، ذكيًا، وواقعيًا. نختار موضوعاتنا بعناية، ونحرص على أن يكون كل ملف نطرحه مساحة للفهم والتساؤل، لا التكرار والإبهار الزائف.
فريق التحرير:
د.أمل منير رئيس التحرير
د.أمنية خالد نائب رئيس التحرير
المحررين:
إيريني أنطون
شروق عارف
مريم سمير
ميرنا اشرف
فرح سمير
