<?php /** * SimplePie * * A PHP-Based RSS and Atom Feed Framework. * Takes the hard work out of managing a complete RSS/Atom solution. * * Copyright (c) 2004-2022, Ryan Parman, Sam Sneddon, Ryan McCue, and contributors * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are * permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of * conditions and the following disclaimer. * * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list * of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials * provided with the distribution. * * * Neither the name of the SimplePie Team nor the names of its contributors may be used * to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior * written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS * AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * @package SimplePie * @copyright 2004-2016 Ryan Parman, Sam Sneddon, Ryan McCue * @author Ryan Parman * @author Sam Sneddon * @author Ryan McCue * @link http://simplepie.org/ SimplePie * @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php BSD License */ namespace SimplePie; use SimplePie\XML\Declaration\Parser as DeclarationParser; /** * Parses XML into something sane * * * This class can be overloaded with {@see \SimplePie\SimplePie::set_parser_class()} * * @package SimplePie * @subpackage Parsing */ class Parser implements RegistryAware { public $error_code; public $error_string; public $current_line; public $current_column; public $current_byte; public $separator = ' '; public $namespace = ['']; public $element = ['']; public $xml_base = ['']; public $xml_base_explicit = [false]; public $xml_lang = ['']; public $data = []; public $datas = [[]]; public $current_xhtml_construct = -1; public $encoding; protected $registry; public function set_registry(\SimplePie\Registry $registry)/* : void */ { $this->registry = $registry; } public function parse(&$data, $encoding, $url = '') { if (class_exists('DOMXpath') && function_exists('Mf2\parse')) { $doc = new \DOMDocument(); @$doc->loadHTML($data); $xpath = new \DOMXpath($doc); // Check for both h-feed and h-entry, as both a feed with no entries // and a list of entries without an h-feed wrapper are both valid. $query = '//*[contains(concat(" ", @class, " "), " h-feed ") or '. 'contains(concat(" ", @class, " "), " h-entry ")]'; $result = $xpath->query($query); if ($result->length !== 0) { return $this->parse_microformats($data, $url); } } // Use UTF-8 if we get passed US-ASCII, as every US-ASCII character is a UTF-8 character if (strtoupper($encoding) === 'US-ASCII') { $this->encoding = 'UTF-8'; } else { $this->encoding = $encoding; } // Strip BOM: // UTF-32 Big Endian BOM if (substr($data, 0, 4) === "\x00\x00\xFE\xFF") { $data = substr($data, 4); } // UTF-32 Little Endian BOM elseif (substr($data, 0, 4) === "\xFF\xFE\x00\x00") { $data = substr($data, 4); } // UTF-16 Big Endian BOM elseif (substr($data, 0, 2) === "\xFE\xFF") { $data = substr($data, 2); } // UTF-16 Little Endian BOM elseif (substr($data, 0, 2) === "\xFF\xFE") { $data = substr($data, 2); } // UTF-8 BOM elseif (substr($data, 0, 3) === "\xEF\xBB\xBF") { $data = substr($data, 3); } if (substr($data, 0, 5) === '<?xml' && strspn(substr($data, 5, 1), "\x09\x0A\x0D\x20") && ($pos = strpos($data, '?>')) !== false) { $declaration = $this->registry->create(DeclarationParser::class, [substr($data, 5, $pos - 5)]); if ($declaration->parse()) { $data = substr($data, $pos + 2); $data = '<?xml version="' . $declaration->version . '" encoding="' . $encoding . '" standalone="' . (($declaration->standalone) ? 'yes' : 'no') . '"?>' ."\n". $this->declare_html_entities() . $data; } else { $this->error_string = 'SimplePie bug! Please report this!'; return false; } } $return = true; static $xml_is_sane = null; if ($xml_is_sane === null) { $parser_check = xml_parser_create(); xml_parse_into_struct($parser_check, '<foo>&</foo>', $values); xml_parser_free($parser_check); $xml_is_sane = isset($values[0]['value']); } // Create the parser if ($xml_is_sane) { $xml = xml_parser_create_ns($this->encoding, $this->separator); xml_parser_set_option($xml, XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE, 1); xml_parser_set_option($xml, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 0); xml_set_character_data_handler($xml, [$this, 'cdata']); xml_set_element_handler($xml, [$this, 'tag_open'], [$this, 'tag_close']); // Parse! $wrapper = @is_writable(sys_get_temp_dir()) ? 'php://temp' : 'php://memory'; if (($stream = fopen($wrapper, 'r+')) && fwrite($stream, $data) && rewind($stream)) { //Parse by chunks not to use too much memory do { $stream_data = fread($stream, 1048576); if (!xml_parse($xml, $stream_data === false ? '' : $stream_data, feof($stream))) { $this->error_code = xml_get_error_code($xml); $this->error_string = xml_error_string($this->error_code); $return = false; break; } } while (!feof($stream)); fclose($stream); } else { $return = false; } $this->current_line = xml_get_current_line_number($xml); $this->current_column = xml_get_current_column_number($xml); $this->current_byte = xml_get_current_byte_index($xml); xml_parser_free($xml); return $return; } libxml_clear_errors(); $xml = new \XMLReader(); $xml->xml($data); while (@$xml->read()) { switch ($xml->nodeType) { case constant('XMLReader::END_ELEMENT'): if ($xml->namespaceURI !== '') { $tagName = $xml->namespaceURI . $this->separator . $xml->localName; } else { $tagName = $xml->localName; } $this->tag_close(null, $tagName); break; case constant('XMLReader::ELEMENT'): $empty = $xml->isEmptyElement; if ($xml->namespaceURI !== '') { $tagName = $xml->namespaceURI . $this->separator . $xml->localName; } else { $tagName = $xml->localName; } $attributes = []; while ($xml->moveToNextAttribute()) { if ($xml->namespaceURI !== '') { $attrName = $xml->namespaceURI . $this->separator . $xml->localName; } else { $attrName = $xml->localName; } $attributes[$attrName] = $xml->value; } $this->tag_open(null, $tagName, $attributes); if ($empty) { $this->tag_close(null, $tagName); } break; case constant('XMLReader::TEXT'): case constant('XMLReader::CDATA'): $this->cdata(null, $xml->value); break; } } if ($error = libxml_get_last_error()) { $this->error_code = $error->code; $this->error_string = $error->message; $this->current_line = $error->line; $this->current_column = $error->column; return false; } return true; } public function get_error_code() { return $this->error_code; } public function get_error_string() { return $this->error_string; } public function get_current_line() { return $this->current_line; } public function get_current_column() { return $this->current_column; } public function get_current_byte() { return $this->current_byte; } public function get_data() { return $this->data; } public function tag_open($parser, $tag, $attributes) { [$this->namespace[], $this->element[]] = $this->split_ns($tag); $attribs = []; foreach ($attributes as $name => $value) { [$attrib_namespace, $attribute] = $this->split_ns($name); $attribs[$attrib_namespace][$attribute] = $value; } if (isset($attribs[\SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XML]['base'])) { $base = $this->registry->call(Misc::class, 'absolutize_url', [$attribs[\SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XML]['base'], end($this->xml_base)]); if ($base !== false) { $this->xml_base[] = $base; $this->xml_base_explicit[] = true; } } else { $this->xml_base[] = end($this->xml_base); $this->xml_base_explicit[] = end($this->xml_base_explicit); } if (isset($attribs[\SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XML]['lang'])) { $this->xml_lang[] = $attribs[\SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XML]['lang']; } else { $this->xml_lang[] = end($this->xml_lang); } if ($this->current_xhtml_construct >= 0) { $this->current_xhtml_construct++; if (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XHTML) { $this->data['data'] .= '<' . end($this->element); if (isset($attribs[''])) { foreach ($attribs[''] as $name => $value) { $this->data['data'] .= ' ' . $name . '="' . htmlspecialchars($value, ENT_COMPAT, $this->encoding) . '"'; } } $this->data['data'] .= '>'; } } else { $this->datas[] = &$this->data; $this->data = &$this->data['child'][end($this->namespace)][end($this->element)][]; $this->data = ['data' => '', 'attribs' => $attribs, 'xml_base' => end($this->xml_base), 'xml_base_explicit' => end($this->xml_base_explicit), 'xml_lang' => end($this->xml_lang)]; if ((end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_ATOM_03 && in_array(end($this->element), ['title', 'tagline', 'copyright', 'info', 'summary', 'content']) && isset($attribs['']['mode']) && $attribs['']['mode'] === 'xml') || (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_ATOM_10 && in_array(end($this->element), ['rights', 'subtitle', 'summary', 'info', 'title', 'content']) && isset($attribs['']['type']) && $attribs['']['type'] === 'xhtml') || (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_RSS_20 && in_array(end($this->element), ['title'])) || (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_RSS_090 && in_array(end($this->element), ['title'])) || (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_RSS_10 && in_array(end($this->element), ['title']))) { $this->current_xhtml_construct = 0; } } } public function cdata($parser, $cdata) { if ($this->current_xhtml_construct >= 0) { $this->data['data'] .= htmlspecialchars($cdata, ENT_QUOTES, $this->encoding); } else { $this->data['data'] .= $cdata; } } public function tag_close($parser, $tag) { if ($this->current_xhtml_construct >= 0) { $this->current_xhtml_construct--; if (end($this->namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_XHTML && !in_array(end($this->element), ['area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'frame', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta', 'param'])) { $this->data['data'] .= '</' . end($this->element) . '>'; } } if ($this->current_xhtml_construct === -1) { $this->data = &$this->datas[count($this->datas) - 1]; array_pop($this->datas); } array_pop($this->element); array_pop($this->namespace); array_pop($this->xml_base); array_pop($this->xml_base_explicit); array_pop($this->xml_lang); } public function split_ns($string) { static $cache = []; if (!isset($cache[$string])) { if ($pos = strpos($string, $this->separator)) { static $separator_length; if (!$separator_length) { $separator_length = strlen($this->separator); } $namespace = substr($string, 0, $pos); $local_name = substr($string, $pos + $separator_length); if (strtolower($namespace) === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_ITUNES) { $namespace = \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_ITUNES; } // Normalize the Media RSS namespaces if ($namespace === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS_WRONG || $namespace === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS_WRONG2 || $namespace === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS_WRONG3 || $namespace === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS_WRONG4 || $namespace === \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS_WRONG5) { $namespace = \SimplePie\SimplePie::NAMESPACE_MEDIARSS; } $cache[$string] = [$namespace, $local_name]; } else { $cache[$string] = ['', $string]; } } return $cache[$string]; } private function parse_hcard($data, $category = false) { $name = ''; $link = ''; // Check if h-card is set and pass that information on in the link. if (isset($data['type']) && in_array('h-card', $data['type'])) { if (isset($data['properties']['name'][0])) { $name = $data['properties']['name'][0]; } if (isset($data['properties']['url'][0])) { $link = $data['properties']['url'][0]; if ($name === '') { $name = $link; } else { // can't have commas in categories. $name = str_replace(',', '', $name); } $person_tag = $category ? '' : ''; return '<a class="h-card" href="'.$link.'">'.$person_tag.$name.'</a>'; } } return $data['value'] ?? ''; } private function parse_microformats(&$data, $url) { $feed_title = ''; $feed_author = null; $author_cache = []; $items = []; $entries = []; $mf = \Mf2\parse($data, $url); // First look for an h-feed. $h_feed = []; foreach ($mf['items'] as $mf_item) { if (in_array('h-feed', $mf_item['type'])) { $h_feed = $mf_item; break; } // Also look for h-feed or h-entry in the children of each top level item. if (!isset($mf_item['children'][0]['type'])) { continue; } if (in_array('h-feed', $mf_item['children'][0]['type'])) { $h_feed = $mf_item['children'][0]; // In this case the parent of the h-feed may be an h-card, so use it as // the feed_author. if (in_array('h-card', $mf_item['type'])) { $feed_author = $mf_item; } break; } elseif (in_array('h-entry', $mf_item['children'][0]['type'])) { $entries = $mf_item['children']; // In this case the parent of the h-entry list may be an h-card, so use // it as the feed_author. if (in_array('h-card', $mf_item['type'])) { $feed_author = $mf_item; } break; } } if (isset($h_feed['children'])) { $entries = $h_feed['children']; // Also set the feed title and store author from the h-feed if available. if (isset($mf['items'][0]['properties']['name'][0])) { $feed_title = $mf['items'][0]['properties']['name'][0]; } if (isset($mf['items'][0]['properties']['author'][0])) { $feed_author = $mf['items'][0]['properties']['author'][0]; } } elseif (count($entries) === 0) { $entries = $mf['items']; } for ($i = 0; $i < count($entries); $i++) { $entry = $entries[$i]; if (in_array('h-entry', $entry['type'])) { $item = []; $title = ''; $description = ''; if (isset($entry['properties']['url'][0])) { $link = $entry['properties']['url'][0]; if (isset($link['value'])) { $link = $link['value']; } $item['link'] = [['data' => $link]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['uid'][0])) { $guid = $entry['properties']['uid'][0]; if (isset($guid['value'])) { $guid = $guid['value']; } $item['guid'] = [['data' => $guid]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['name'][0])) { $title = $entry['properties']['name'][0]; if (isset($title['value'])) { $title = $title['value']; } $item['title'] = [['data' => $title]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['author'][0]) || isset($feed_author)) { // author is a special case, it can be plain text or an h-card array. // If it's plain text it can also be a url that should be followed to // get the actual h-card. $author = $entry['properties']['author'][0] ?? $feed_author; if (!is_string($author)) { $author = $this->parse_hcard($author); } elseif (strpos($author, 'http') === 0) { if (isset($author_cache[$author])) { $author = $author_cache[$author]; } else { $mf = \Mf2\fetch($author); foreach ($mf['items'] as $hcard) { // Only interested in an h-card by itself in this case. if (!in_array('h-card', $hcard['type'])) { continue; } // It must have a url property matching what we fetched. if (!isset($hcard['properties']['url']) || !(in_array($author, $hcard['properties']['url']))) { continue; } // Save parse_hcard the trouble of finding the correct url. $hcard['properties']['url'][0] = $author; // Cache this h-card for the next h-entry to check. $author_cache[$author] = $this->parse_hcard($hcard); $author = $author_cache[$author]; break; } } } $item['author'] = [['data' => $author]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['photo'][0])) { // If a photo is also in content, don't need to add it again here. $content = ''; if (isset($entry['properties']['content'][0]['html'])) { $content = $entry['properties']['content'][0]['html']; } $photo_list = []; for ($j = 0; $j < count($entry['properties']['photo']); $j++) { $photo = $entry['properties']['photo'][$j]; if (!empty($photo) && strpos($content, $photo) === false) { $photo_list[] = $photo; } } // When there's more than one photo show the first and use a lightbox. // Need a permanent, unique name for the image set, but don't have // anything unique except for the content itself, so use that. $count = count($photo_list); if ($count > 1) { $image_set_id = preg_replace('/[[:^alnum:]]/', '', $photo_list[0]); $description = ''; for ($j = 0; $j < $count; $j++) { $hidden = $j === 0 ? '' : 'class="hidden" '; $description .= '<a href="'.$photo_list[$j].'" '.$hidden. 'data-lightbox="image-set-'.$image_set_id.'">'. '<img src="'.$photo_list[$j].'"></a>'; } $description .= ' '.$count.' photos'; } elseif ($count == 1) { $description = '<img src="'.$photo_list[0].'">'; } } if (isset($entry['properties']['content'][0]['html'])) { // e-content['value'] is the same as p-name when they are on the same // element. Use this to replace title with a strip_tags version so // that alt text from images is not included in the title. if ($entry['properties']['content'][0]['value'] === $title) { $title = strip_tags($entry['properties']['content'][0]['html']); $item['title'] = [['data' => $title]]; } $description .= $entry['properties']['content'][0]['html']; if (isset($entry['properties']['in-reply-to'][0])) { $in_reply_to = ''; if (is_string($entry['properties']['in-reply-to'][0])) { $in_reply_to = $entry['properties']['in-reply-to'][0]; } elseif (isset($entry['properties']['in-reply-to'][0]['value'])) { $in_reply_to = $entry['properties']['in-reply-to'][0]['value']; } if ($in_reply_to !== '') { $description .= ' '. '<a href="'.$in_reply_to.'">'.$in_reply_to.'</a>'; } } $item['description'] = [['data' => $description]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['category'])) { $category_csv = ''; // Categories can also contain h-cards. foreach ($entry['properties']['category'] as $category) { if ($category_csv !== '') { $category_csv .= ', '; } if (is_string($category)) { // Can't have commas in categories. $category_csv .= str_replace(',', '', $category); } else { $category_csv .= $this->parse_hcard($category, true); } } $item['category'] = [['data' => $category_csv]]; } if (isset($entry['properties']['published'][0])) { $timestamp = strtotime($entry['properties']['published'][0]); $pub_date = date('F j Y g:ia', $timestamp).' GMT'; $item['pubDate'] = [['data' => $pub_date]]; } // The title and description are set to the empty string to represent // a deleted item (which also makes it an invalid rss item). if (isset($entry['properties']['deleted'][0])) { $item['title'] = [['data' => '']]; $item['description'] = [['data' => '']]; } $items[] = ['child' => ['' => $item]]; } } // Mimic RSS data format when storing microformats. $link = [['data' => $url]]; $image = ''; if (!is_string($feed_author) && isset($feed_author['properties']['photo'][0])) { $image = [['child' => ['' => ['url' => [['data' => $feed_author['properties']['photo'][0]]]]]]]; } // Use the name given for the h-feed, or get the title from the html. if ($feed_title !== '') { $feed_title = [['data' => htmlspecialchars($feed_title)]]; } elseif ($position = strpos($data, '<title>')) { $start = $position < 200 ? 0 : $position - 200; $check = substr($data, $start, 400); $matches = []; if (preg_match('/<title>(.+)<\/title>/', $check, $matches)) { $feed_title = [['data' => htmlspecialchars($matches[1])]]; } } $channel = ['channel' => [['child' => ['' => ['link' => $link, 'image' => $image, 'title' => $feed_title, 'item' => $items]]]]]; $rss = [['attribs' => ['' => ['version' => '2.0']], 'child' => ['' => $channel]]]; $this->data = ['child' => ['' => ['rss' => $rss]]]; return true; } private function declare_html_entities() { // This is required because the RSS specification says that entity-encoded // html is allowed, but the xml specification says they must be declared. return '<!DOCTYPE html [ <!ENTITY nbsp " "> <!ENTITY iexcl "¡"> <!ENTITY cent "¢"> <!ENTITY pound "£"> <!ENTITY curren "¤"> <!ENTITY yen "¥"> <!ENTITY brvbar "¦"> <!ENTITY sect "§"> <!ENTITY uml "¨"> <!ENTITY copy "©"> <!ENTITY ordf "ª"> <!ENTITY laquo "«"> <!ENTITY not "¬"> <!ENTITY shy ""> <!ENTITY reg "®"> <!ENTITY macr "¯"> <!ENTITY deg "°"> <!ENTITY plusmn "±"> <!ENTITY sup2 "²"> <!ENTITY sup3 "³"> <!ENTITY acute "´"> <!ENTITY micro "µ"> <!ENTITY para "¶"> <!ENTITY middot "·"> <!ENTITY cedil "¸"> <!ENTITY sup1 "¹"> <!ENTITY ordm "º"> <!ENTITY raquo "»"> <!ENTITY frac14 "¼"> <!ENTITY frac12 "½"> <!ENTITY frac34 "¾"> <!ENTITY iquest "¿"> <!ENTITY Agrave "À"> <!ENTITY Aacute "Á"> <!ENTITY Acirc "Â"> <!ENTITY Atilde "Ã"> <!ENTITY Auml "Ä"> <!ENTITY Aring "Å"> <!ENTITY AElig "Æ"> <!ENTITY Ccedil "Ç"> <!ENTITY Egrave "È"> <!ENTITY Eacute "É"> <!ENTITY Ecirc "Ê"> <!ENTITY Euml "Ë"> <!ENTITY Igrave "Ì"> <!ENTITY Iacute "Í"> <!ENTITY Icirc "Î"> <!ENTITY Iuml "Ï"> <!ENTITY ETH "Ð"> <!ENTITY Ntilde "Ñ"> <!ENTITY Ograve "Ò"> <!ENTITY Oacute "Ó"> <!ENTITY Ocirc "Ô"> <!ENTITY Otilde "Õ"> <!ENTITY Ouml "Ö"> <!ENTITY times "×"> <!ENTITY Oslash "Ø"> <!ENTITY Ugrave "Ù"> <!ENTITY Uacute "Ú"> <!ENTITY Ucirc "Û"> <!ENTITY Uuml "Ü"> <!ENTITY Yacute "Ý"> <!ENTITY THORN "Þ"> <!ENTITY szlig "ß"> <!ENTITY agrave "à"> <!ENTITY aacute "á"> <!ENTITY acirc "â"> <!ENTITY atilde "ã"> <!ENTITY auml "ä"> <!ENTITY aring "å"> <!ENTITY aelig "æ"> <!ENTITY ccedil "ç"> <!ENTITY egrave "è"> <!ENTITY eacute "é"> <!ENTITY ecirc "ê"> <!ENTITY euml "ë"> <!ENTITY igrave "ì"> <!ENTITY iacute "í"> <!ENTITY icirc "î"> <!ENTITY iuml "ï"> <!ENTITY eth "ð"> <!ENTITY ntilde "ñ"> <!ENTITY ograve "ò"> <!ENTITY oacute "ó"> <!ENTITY ocirc "ô"> <!ENTITY otilde "õ"> <!ENTITY ouml "ö"> <!ENTITY divide "÷"> <!ENTITY oslash "ø"> <!ENTITY ugrave "ù"> <!ENTITY uacute "ú"> <!ENTITY ucirc "û"> <!ENTITY uuml "ü"> <!ENTITY yacute "ý"> <!ENTITY thorn "þ"> <!ENTITY yuml "ÿ"> <!ENTITY OElig "Œ"> <!ENTITY oelig "œ"> <!ENTITY Scaron "Š"> <!ENTITY scaron "š"> <!ENTITY Yuml "Ÿ"> <!ENTITY fnof "ƒ"> <!ENTITY circ "ˆ"> <!ENTITY tilde "˜"> <!ENTITY Alpha "Α"> <!ENTITY Beta "Β"> <!ENTITY Gamma "Γ"> <!ENTITY Epsilon "Ε"> <!ENTITY Zeta "Ζ"> <!ENTITY Eta "Η"> <!ENTITY Theta "Θ"> <!ENTITY Iota "Ι"> <!ENTITY Kappa "Κ"> <!ENTITY Lambda "Λ"> <!ENTITY Mu "Μ"> <!ENTITY Nu "Ν"> <!ENTITY Xi "Ξ"> <!ENTITY Omicron "Ο"> <!ENTITY Pi "Π"> <!ENTITY Rho "Ρ"> <!ENTITY Sigma "Σ"> <!ENTITY Tau "Τ"> <!ENTITY Upsilon "Υ"> <!ENTITY Phi "Φ"> <!ENTITY Chi "Χ"> <!ENTITY Psi "Ψ"> <!ENTITY Omega "Ω"> <!ENTITY alpha "α"> <!ENTITY beta "β"> <!ENTITY gamma "γ"> <!ENTITY delta "δ"> <!ENTITY epsilon "ε"> <!ENTITY zeta "ζ"> <!ENTITY eta "η"> <!ENTITY theta "θ"> <!ENTITY iota "ι"> <!ENTITY kappa "κ"> <!ENTITY lambda "λ"> <!ENTITY mu "μ"> <!ENTITY nu "ν"> <!ENTITY xi "ξ"> <!ENTITY omicron "ο"> <!ENTITY pi "π"> <!ENTITY rho "ρ"> <!ENTITY sigmaf "ς"> <!ENTITY sigma "σ"> <!ENTITY tau "τ"> <!ENTITY upsilon "υ"> <!ENTITY phi "φ"> <!ENTITY chi "χ"> <!ENTITY psi "ψ"> <!ENTITY omega "ω"> <!ENTITY thetasym "ϑ"> <!ENTITY upsih "ϒ"> <!ENTITY piv "ϖ"> <!ENTITY ensp " "> <!ENTITY emsp " "> <!ENTITY thinsp " "> <!ENTITY zwnj "‌"> <!ENTITY zwj "‍"> <!ENTITY lrm "‎"> <!ENTITY rlm "‏"> <!ENTITY ndash "–"> <!ENTITY mdash "—"> <!ENTITY lsquo "‘"> <!ENTITY rsquo "’"> <!ENTITY sbquo "‚"> <!ENTITY ldquo "“"> <!ENTITY rdquo "”"> <!ENTITY bdquo "„"> <!ENTITY dagger "†"> <!ENTITY Dagger "‡"> <!ENTITY bull "•"> <!ENTITY hellip "…"> <!ENTITY permil "‰"> <!ENTITY prime "′"> <!ENTITY Prime "″"> <!ENTITY lsaquo "‹"> <!ENTITY rsaquo "›"> <!ENTITY oline "‾"> <!ENTITY frasl "⁄"> <!ENTITY euro "€"> <!ENTITY image "ℑ"> <!ENTITY weierp "℘"> <!ENTITY real "ℜ"> <!ENTITY trade "™"> <!ENTITY alefsym "ℵ"> <!ENTITY larr "←"> <!ENTITY uarr "↑"> <!ENTITY rarr "→"> <!ENTITY darr "↓"> <!ENTITY harr "↔"> <!ENTITY crarr "↵"> <!ENTITY lArr "⇐"> <!ENTITY uArr "⇑"> <!ENTITY rArr "⇒"> <!ENTITY dArr "⇓"> <!ENTITY hArr "⇔"> <!ENTITY forall "∀"> <!ENTITY part "∂"> <!ENTITY exist "∃"> <!ENTITY empty "∅"> <!ENTITY nabla "∇"> <!ENTITY isin "∈"> <!ENTITY notin "∉"> <!ENTITY ni "∋"> <!ENTITY prod "∏"> <!ENTITY sum "∑"> <!ENTITY minus "−"> <!ENTITY lowast "∗"> <!ENTITY radic "√"> <!ENTITY prop "∝"> <!ENTITY infin "∞"> <!ENTITY ang "∠"> <!ENTITY and "∧"> <!ENTITY or "∨"> <!ENTITY cap "∩"> <!ENTITY cup "∪"> <!ENTITY int "∫"> <!ENTITY there4 "∴"> <!ENTITY sim "∼"> <!ENTITY cong "≅"> <!ENTITY asymp "≈"> <!ENTITY ne "≠"> <!ENTITY equiv "≡"> <!ENTITY le "≤"> <!ENTITY ge "≥"> <!ENTITY sub "⊂"> <!ENTITY sup "⊃"> <!ENTITY nsub "⊄"> <!ENTITY sube "⊆"> <!ENTITY supe "⊇"> <!ENTITY oplus "⊕"> <!ENTITY otimes "⊗"> <!ENTITY perp "⊥"> <!ENTITY sdot "⋅"> <!ENTITY lceil "⌈"> <!ENTITY rceil "⌉"> <!ENTITY lfloor "⌊"> <!ENTITY rfloor "⌋"> <!ENTITY lang "〈"> <!ENTITY rang "〉"> <!ENTITY loz "◊"> <!ENTITY spades "♠"> <!ENTITY clubs "♣"> <!ENTITY hearts "♥"> <!ENTITY diams "♦"> ]>'; } } class_alias('SimplePie\Parser', 'SimplePie_Parser');

معرفة

طبيبك في جيبك لكن هل يشعر بنبضك

مايو 18, 2025

2٬691 2 دقائق

كتبت شروق عارف مع التطور السريع للتكنولوجيا وتزايد اعتمدنا على الإنترنت في مختلف المجالات برز الطب عن بعد كأحد أهم التحولات في مجال الرعاية الصحية خصوصا بعد جائحة كورونا التي فرضت واقع جديد يحتم علينا العزلة مما دفعنا للبحث عن بدائل أمنة وفعالة للتشخيص والعلاج دون الحاجة لزيارة الطبيب ورغم ما يقدمه الطب عن بعد من من عدة حلول أهمها تقليل النفقات والحد من الازدحام ولكن مع هذا التطور بدأت تظهر تساؤلات مهمة أبرزهم هل يمكن الاعتماد عليه كبديل كامل للفحص التقليدي؟ وهل يضمن دقة التشخيص وكفاءة العلاج؟ أم أنه يظل أداة مساعدة مهمة لكنها لا تغني عن التواصل المباشر مع الطبيب في عيادته؟

الطب عن بعد دعم مكمل لا بديل
‏ صرح أحد الأطباء بأن الطب عن بعد يمكن أن يكون فعالا جدا في بعض الحالات مثل متابعة الأمراض المزمنة أو إعطاء نصائح أولية لكنه لا يمكن أن يحل محل الفحص وتابع حديثه قائلا هناك تفاصيل لا يمكن معرفتها من خلال شاشة الهاتف مثل نبض القلب أو ملامح التعب أو بعض التغيرات وهذه أمور لا تظهر عبر الكاميرا كما وأوضح أن الطب عن بعد ساهم في تقليل الضغط على المستشفيات وساعد في تقليل العدوى لكنه لا يمكن أن يعتمد عليه بشكل أساسي
الأسنان لا تفحص عن بعد
من جانبه صرح أحد الأطباء في جراحة الفم والأسنان أن الطب عن بعد لا يصلح في تخصص مثل الأسنان وذلك لاعتمادها الكبير على الفحص اليدوي والرؤية الدقيقة للحالة وأضاف كيف يمكنني أن اشخص التهاب في اللثة أو كسر في السن عبر شاشة هناك تفاصيل لا ترى إلا بالفحص المباشر سواء من خلال الأشعة أو أدوات الكشف الدقيقة وتابع قائلا الطب عن بعد قد يكون مفيد فقط في الاستشارة الأولية أو متابعة بعض الحالات البسيطة بعد العلاج لكن لا يمكن الاعتماد عليه في تشخيص أو وضع خطة علاجية دون معاينة فعلية

وأشار محذرا أن الطب عن بعد في مجال طب الأسنان قد يكون خطر وذلك لأن أي خطأ في التشخيص قد يؤدي إلى مضاعفات صحية للمريض موكدا أن التقنية تظل أداة مساعدة وليست بديلا عن الطبيب
ومن جانبه يؤكد أن التواصل المباشر بين الطبيب والمريض هو عنصر أساسي في طب الأسنان موضح أن بعض الأعراض قد لا تفهم بشكل دقيق إلا من خلال تفاعل مباشر وتابع حديثه قائلا حتى مع توفر صور أو مقاطع فيديو يظل هناك فارق كبير بين ما يرى عبر الشاشة وما يمكن للطبيب ملاحظته أثناء الكشف

ويبقى الطب عن بعد أداة فعالة في تحسين الوصول إلى ‏خدمات الرعاية الصحية لكنه في النهاية يظل وسيلة مساعدة لا تغني عن دور الطبيب والفحص المباشرة

مايو 18, 2025

2٬691 2 دقائق