<?php ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /// getID3() by James Heinrich <info@getid3.org> // // available at https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3 // // or https://www.getid3.org // // or http://getid3.sourceforge.net // // see readme.txt for more details // ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // // module.audio.ac3.php // // module for analyzing AC-3 (aka Dolby Digital) audio files // // dependencies: NONE // // /// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if (!defined('GETID3_INCLUDEPATH')) { // prevent path-exposing attacks that access modules directly on public webservers exit; } class getid3_ac3 extends getid3_handler { /** * @var array */ private $AC3header = array(); /** * @var int */ private $BSIoffset = 0; const syncword = 0x0B77; /** * @return bool */ public function Analyze() { $info = &$this->getid3->info; ///AH $info['ac3']['raw']['bsi'] = array(); $thisfile_ac3 = &$info['ac3']; $thisfile_ac3_raw = &$thisfile_ac3['raw']; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi = &$thisfile_ac3_raw['bsi']; // http://www.atsc.org/standards/a_52a.pdf $info['fileformat'] = 'ac3'; // An AC-3 serial coded audio bit stream is made up of a sequence of synchronization frames // Each synchronization frame contains 6 coded audio blocks (AB), each of which represent 256 // new audio samples per channel. A synchronization information (SI) header at the beginning // of each frame contains information needed to acquire and maintain synchronization. A // bit stream information (BSI) header follows SI, and contains parameters describing the coded // audio service. The coded audio blocks may be followed by an auxiliary data (Aux) field. At the // end of each frame is an error check field that includes a CRC word for error detection. An // additional CRC word is located in the SI header, the use of which, by a decoder, is optional. // // syncinfo() | bsi() | AB0 | AB1 | AB2 | AB3 | AB4 | AB5 | Aux | CRC // syncinfo() { // syncword 16 // crc1 16 // fscod 2 // frmsizecod 6 // } /* end of syncinfo */ $this->fseek($info['avdataoffset']); $tempAC3header = $this->fread(100); // should be enough to cover all data, there are some variable-length fields...? $this->AC3header['syncinfo'] = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Int(substr($tempAC3header, 0, 2)); $this->AC3header['bsi'] = getid3_lib::BigEndian2Bin(substr($tempAC3header, 2)); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'] = (getid3_lib::LittleEndian2Int(substr($tempAC3header, 5, 1)) & 0xF8) >> 3; // AC3 and E-AC3 put the "bsid" version identifier in the same place, but unfortnately the 4 bytes between the syncword and the version identifier are interpreted differently, so grab it here so the following code structure can make sense unset($tempAC3header); if ($this->AC3header['syncinfo'] !== self::syncword) { if (!$this->isDependencyFor('matroska')) { unset($info['fileformat'], $info['ac3']); return $this->error('Expecting "'.dechex(self::syncword).'" at offset '.$info['avdataoffset'].', found "'.dechex($this->AC3header['syncinfo']).'"'); } } $info['audio']['dataformat'] = 'ac3'; $info['audio']['bitrate_mode'] = 'cbr'; $info['audio']['lossless'] = false; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'] <= 8) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['crc1'] = getid3_lib::Bin2Dec($this->readHeaderBSI(16)); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); // 5.4.1.3 $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); // 5.4.1.4 if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'] > 37) { // binary: 100101 - see Table 5.18 Frame Size Code Table (1 word = 16 bits) $this->warning('Unexpected ac3.bsi.frmsizecod value: '.$thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'].', bitrate not set correctly'); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // we already know this from pre-parsing the version identifier, but re-read it to let the bitstream flow as intended $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] & 0x01) { // If the lsb of acmod is a 1, center channel is in use and cmixlev follows in the bit stream. $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['cmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3['center_mix_level'] = self::centerMixLevelLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['cmixlev']); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] & 0x04) { // If the msb of acmod is a 1, surround channels are in use and surmixlev follows in the bit stream. $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['surmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3['surround_mix_level'] = self::surroundMixLevelLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['surmixlev']); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 0x02) { // When operating in the two channel mode, this 2-bit code indicates whether or not the program has been encoded in Dolby Surround. $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dsurmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3['dolby_surround_mode'] = self::dolbySurroundModeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dsurmod']); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // This indicates how far the average dialogue level is below digital 100 percent. Valid values are 1-31. // The value of 0 is reserved. The values of 1 to 31 are interpreted as -1 dB to -31 dB with respect to digital 100 percent. $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // 5.4.2.8 dialnorm: Dialogue Normalization, 5 Bits $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.9 compre: Compression Gain Word Exists, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); // 5.4.2.10 compr: Compression Gain Word, 8 Bits $thisfile_ac3['heavy_compression'] = self::heavyCompression($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr']); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['langcod'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.11 langcode: Language Code Exists, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['langcod']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['langcod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); // 5.4.2.12 langcod: Language Code, 8 Bits } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodinfo'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.13 audprodie: Audio Production Information Exists, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodinfo']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // 5.4.2.14 mixlevel: Mixing Level, 5 Bits $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); // 5.4.2.15 roomtyp: Room Type, 2 Bits $thisfile_ac3['mixing_level'] = (80 + $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel']).'dB'; $thisfile_ac3['room_type'] = self::roomTypeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp']); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // 5.4.2.16 dialnorm2: Dialogue Normalization, ch2, 5 Bits $thisfile_ac3['dialogue_normalization2'] = '-'.$thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm2'].'dB'; // This indicates how far the average dialogue level is below digital 100 percent. Valid values are 1-31. The value of 0 is reserved. The values of 1 to 31 are interpreted as -1 dB to -31 dB with respect to digital 100 percent. $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.17 compr2e: Compression Gain Word Exists, ch2, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); // 5.4.2.18 compr2: Compression Gain Word, ch2, 8 Bits $thisfile_ac3['heavy_compression2'] = self::heavyCompression($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr2']); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['langcod2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.19 langcod2e: Language Code Exists, ch2, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['langcod2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['langcod2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); // 5.4.2.20 langcod2: Language Code, ch2, 8 Bits } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodinfo2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.21 audprodi2e: Audio Production Information Exists, ch2, 1 Bit if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodinfo2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // 5.4.2.22 mixlevel2: Mixing Level, ch2, 5 Bits $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); // 5.4.2.23 roomtyp2: Room Type, ch2, 2 Bits $thisfile_ac3['mixing_level2'] = (80 + $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel2']).'dB'; $thisfile_ac3['room_type2'] = self::roomTypeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp2']); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['copyright'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.24 copyrightb: Copyright Bit, 1 Bit $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['original'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); // 5.4.2.25 origbs: Original Bit Stream, 1 Bit $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['timecod1'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); // 5.4.2.26 timecod1e, timcode2e: Time Code (first and second) Halves Exist, 2 Bits if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['timecod1'] & 0x01) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod1'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(14); // 5.4.2.27 timecod1: Time code first half, 14 bits $thisfile_ac3['timecode1'] = 0; $thisfile_ac3['timecode1'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod1'] & 0x3E00) >> 9) * 3600; // The first 5 bits of this 14-bit field represent the time in hours, with valid values of 0�23 $thisfile_ac3['timecode1'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod1'] & 0x01F8) >> 3) * 60; // The next 6 bits represent the time in minutes, with valid values of 0�59 $thisfile_ac3['timecode1'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod1'] & 0x0003) >> 0) * 8; // The final 3 bits represents the time in 8 second increments, with valid values of 0�7 (representing 0, 8, 16, ... 56 seconds) } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['timecod1'] & 0x02) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(14); // 5.4.2.28 timecod2: Time code second half, 14 bits $thisfile_ac3['timecode2'] = 0; $thisfile_ac3['timecode2'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod2'] & 0x3800) >> 11) * 1; // The first 3 bits of this 14-bit field represent the time in seconds, with valid values from 0�7 (representing 0-7 seconds) $thisfile_ac3['timecode2'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod2'] & 0x07C0) >> 6) * (1 / 30); // The next 5 bits represents the time in frames, with valid values from 0�29 (one frame = 1/30th of a second) $thisfile_ac3['timecode2'] += (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['timecod2'] & 0x003F) >> 0) * ((1 / 30) / 60); // The final 6 bits represents fractions of 1/64 of a frame, with valid values from 0�63 } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addbsi'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addbsi']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi_length'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6) + 1; // This 6-bit code, which exists only if addbside is a 1, indicates the length in bytes of additional bit stream information. The valid range of addbsil is 0�63, indicating 1�64 additional bytes, respectively. $this->AC3header['bsi'] .= getid3_lib::BigEndian2Bin($this->fread($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi_length'])); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi_data'] = substr($this->AC3header['bsi'], $this->BSIoffset, $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi_length'] * 8); $this->BSIoffset += $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi_length'] * 8; } } elseif ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'] <= 16) { // E-AC3 $this->error('E-AC3 parsing is incomplete and experimental in this version of getID3 ('.$this->getid3->version().'). Notably the bitrate calculations are wrong -- value might (or not) be correct, but it is not calculated correctly. Email info@getid3.org if you know how to calculate EAC3 bitrate correctly.'); $info['audio']['dataformat'] = 'eac3'; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['strmtyp'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['substreamid'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsiz'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(11); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod'] == 3) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod'] = 3; // six blocks per syncframe } else { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); } $thisfile_ac3['bsi']['blocks_per_sync_frame'] = self::blocksPerSyncFrame($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod']); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); // we already know this from pre-parsing the version identifier, but re-read it to let the bitstream flow as intended $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 0) { // if 1+1 mode (dual mono, so some items need a second value) $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['compr2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['compr2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); } } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['strmtyp'] == 1) { // if dependent stream $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['chanmap'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['chanmap']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['chanmap'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixmdat'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixmdat']) { // Mixing metadata if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] > 2) { // if more than 2 channels $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dmixmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); } if (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] & 0x01) && ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] > 2)) { // if three front channels exist $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['ltrtcmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['lorocmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] & 0x04) { // if a surround channel exists $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['ltrtsurmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['lorosurmixlev'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon']) { // if the LFE channel exists $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfemixlevcod'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfemixlevcod']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['lfemixlevcod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); } } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['strmtyp'] == 0) { // if independent stream $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['pgmscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['pgmscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['pgmscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 0) { // if 1+1 mode (dual mono, so some items need a second value) $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['pgmscl2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['pgmscl2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['pgmscl2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdef'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdef'] == 1) { // mixing option 2 $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['premixcmpsel'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['drcsrc'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['premixcmpscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); } elseif ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdef'] == 2) { // mixing option 3 $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdata'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(12); } elseif ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdef'] == 3) { // mixing option 4 $mixdefbitsread = 0; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdeflen'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $mixdefbitsread += 5; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixdata2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixdata2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['premixcmpsel'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['drcsrc'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['premixcmpscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $mixdefbitsread += 3; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmlscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmcscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmcscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmcscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmrscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmrscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmrscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlsscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlsscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmlsscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmrsscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmrsscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmrsscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlfescl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmlfescl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmlfescl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['dmixscl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['dmixscl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dmixscl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addch'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addch']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmaux1scl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmaux1scl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmaux1scl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmaux2scl'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['extpgmaux2scl']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['extpgmaux2scl'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(4); $mixdefbitsread += 4; } } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixdata3'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['mixdata3']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['spchdat'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $mixdefbitsread += 5; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addspchdat'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addspchdat']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['spchdat1'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $mixdefbitsread += 5; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['spchan1att'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $mixdefbitsread += 2; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addspchdat1'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $mixdefbitsread += 1; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addspchdat1']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['spchdat2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $mixdefbitsread += 5; $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['spchan2att'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $mixdefbitsread += 3; } } } $mixdata_bits = (8 * ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdeflen'] + 2)) - $mixdefbitsread; $mixdata_fill = (($mixdata_bits % 8) ? 8 - ($mixdata_bits % 8) : 0); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdata'] = $this->readHeaderBSI($mixdata_bits); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixdatafill'] = $this->readHeaderBSI($mixdata_fill); unset($mixdefbitsread, $mixdata_bits, $mixdata_fill); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] < 2) { // if mono or dual mono source $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['paninfo'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['paninfo']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['panmean'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['paninfo'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 0) { // if 1+1 mode (dual mono, so some items need a second value) $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['paninfo2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['paninfo2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['panmean2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(8); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['paninfo2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['frmmixcfginfo'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['frmmixcfginfo']) { // mixing configuration information if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod'] == 0) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['blkmixcfginfo'][0] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); } else { for ($blk = 0; $blk < $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod']; $blk++) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['blkmixcfginfo'.$blk] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['blkmixcfginfo'.$blk]) { // mixing configuration information $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['blkmixcfginfo'][$blk] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); } } } } } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['infomdat'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['infomdat']) { // Informational metadata $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(3); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['copyrightb'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['origbs'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 2) { // if in 2/0 mode $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dsurmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dheadphonmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] >= 6) { // if both surround channels exist $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dsurexmod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodi'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodi']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['adconvtyp'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'] == 0) { // if 1+1 mode (dual mono, so some items need a second value) $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodi2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['audprodi2']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['mixlevel2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(5); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['roomtyp2'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(2); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['adconvtyp2'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); } } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod'] < 3) { // if not half sample rate $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['sourcefscod'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); } } if (($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['strmtyp'] == 0) && ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod'] != 3)) { // if both surround channels exist $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['convsync'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['strmtyp'] == 2) { // if bit stream converted from AC-3 if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['numblkscod'] != 3) { // 6 blocks per syncframe $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['blkid'] = 1; } else { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['blkid'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['blkid']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); } } $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addbsi'] = (bool) $this->readHeaderBSI(1); if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['addbsi']) { $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsil'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(6); $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsi'] = $this->readHeaderBSI(($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['addbsil'] + 1) * 8); } } else { $this->error('Bit stream identification is version '.$thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsid'].', but getID3() only understands up to version 16. Please submit a support ticket with a sample file.'); unset($info['ac3']); return false; } if (isset($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod2'])) { $thisfile_ac3['sample_rate'] = self::sampleRateCodeLookup2($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod2']); } else { $thisfile_ac3['sample_rate'] = self::sampleRateCodeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod']); } if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod'] <= 3) { $info['audio']['sample_rate'] = $thisfile_ac3['sample_rate']; } else { $this->warning('Unexpected ac3.bsi.fscod value: '.$thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod']); } if (isset($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'])) { $thisfile_ac3['frame_length'] = self::frameSizeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod'], $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['fscod']); $thisfile_ac3['bitrate'] = self::bitrateLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsizecod']); } elseif (!empty($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsiz'])) { // this isn't right, but it's (usually) close, roughly 5% less than it should be. // but WHERE is the actual bitrate value stored in EAC3?? email info@getid3.org if you know! $thisfile_ac3['bitrate'] = ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['frmsiz'] + 1) * 16 * 30; // The frmsiz field shall contain a value one less than the overall size of the coded syncframe in 16-bit words. That is, this field may assume a value ranging from 0 to 2047, and these values correspond to syncframe sizes ranging from 1 to 2048. // kludge-fix to make it approximately the expected value, still not "right": $thisfile_ac3['bitrate'] = round(($thisfile_ac3['bitrate'] * 1.05) / 16000) * 16000; } $info['audio']['bitrate'] = $thisfile_ac3['bitrate']; if (isset($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsmod']) && isset($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'])) { $thisfile_ac3['service_type'] = self::serviceTypeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['bsmod'], $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod']); } $ac3_coding_mode = self::audioCodingModeLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod']); foreach($ac3_coding_mode as $key => $value) { $thisfile_ac3[$key] = $value; } switch ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod']) { case 0: case 1: $info['audio']['channelmode'] = 'mono'; break; case 3: case 4: $info['audio']['channelmode'] = 'stereo'; break; default: $info['audio']['channelmode'] = 'surround'; break; } $info['audio']['channels'] = $thisfile_ac3['num_channels']; $thisfile_ac3['lfe_enabled'] = $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon']; if ($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon']) { $info['audio']['channels'] .= '.1'; } $thisfile_ac3['channels_enabled'] = self::channelsEnabledLookup($thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['acmod'], $thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['flags']['lfeon']); $thisfile_ac3['dialogue_normalization'] = '-'.$thisfile_ac3_raw_bsi['dialnorm'].'dB'; return true; } /** * @param int $length * * @return int */ private function readHeaderBSI($length) { $data = substr($this->AC3header['bsi'], $this->BSIoffset, $length); $this->BSIoffset += $length; return bindec($data); } /** * @param int $fscod * * @return int|string|false */ public static function sampleRateCodeLookup($fscod) { static $sampleRateCodeLookup = array( 0 => 48000, 1 => 44100, 2 => 32000, 3 => 'reserved' // If the reserved code is indicated, the decoder should not attempt to decode audio and should mute. ); return (isset($sampleRateCodeLookup[$fscod]) ? $sampleRateCodeLookup[$fscod] : false); } /** * @param int $fscod2 * * @return int|string|false */ public static function sampleRateCodeLookup2($fscod2) { static $sampleRateCodeLookup2 = array( 0 => 24000, 1 => 22050, 2 => 16000, 3 => 'reserved' // If the reserved code is indicated, the decoder should not attempt to decode audio and should mute. ); return (isset($sampleRateCodeLookup2[$fscod2]) ? $sampleRateCodeLookup2[$fscod2] : false); } /** * @param int $bsmod * @param int $acmod * * @return string|false */ public static function serviceTypeLookup($bsmod, $acmod) { static $serviceTypeLookup = array(); if (empty($serviceTypeLookup)) { for ($i = 0; $i <= 7; $i++) { $serviceTypeLookup[0][$i] = 'main audio service: complete main (CM)'; $serviceTypeLookup[1][$i] = 'main audio service: music and effects (ME)'; $serviceTypeLookup[2][$i] = 'associated service: visually impaired (VI)'; $serviceTypeLookup[3][$i] = 'associated service: hearing impaired (HI)'; $serviceTypeLookup[4][$i] = 'associated service: dialogue (D)'; $serviceTypeLookup[5][$i] = 'associated service: commentary (C)'; $serviceTypeLookup[6][$i] = 'associated service: emergency (E)'; } $serviceTypeLookup[7][1] = 'associated service: voice over (VO)'; for ($i = 2; $i <= 7; $i++) { $serviceTypeLookup[7][$i] = 'main audio service: karaoke'; } } return (isset($serviceTypeLookup[$bsmod][$acmod]) ? $serviceTypeLookup[$bsmod][$acmod] : false); } /** * @param int $acmod * * @return array|false */ public static function audioCodingModeLookup($acmod) { // array(channel configuration, # channels (not incl LFE), channel order) static $audioCodingModeLookup = array ( 0 => array('channel_config'=>'1+1', 'num_channels'=>2, 'channel_order'=>'Ch1,Ch2'), 1 => array('channel_config'=>'1/0', 'num_channels'=>1, 'channel_order'=>'C'), 2 => array('channel_config'=>'2/0', 'num_channels'=>2, 'channel_order'=>'L,R'), 3 => array('channel_config'=>'3/0', 'num_channels'=>3, 'channel_order'=>'L,C,R'), 4 => array('channel_config'=>'2/1', 'num_channels'=>3, 'channel_order'=>'L,R,S'), 5 => array('channel_config'=>'3/1', 'num_channels'=>4, 'channel_order'=>'L,C,R,S'), 6 => array('channel_config'=>'2/2', 'num_channels'=>4, 'channel_order'=>'L,R,SL,SR'), 7 => array('channel_config'=>'3/2', 'num_channels'=>5, 'channel_order'=>'L,C,R,SL,SR'), ); return (isset($audioCodingModeLookup[$acmod]) ? $audioCodingModeLookup[$acmod] : false); } /** * @param int $cmixlev * * @return int|float|string|false */ public static function centerMixLevelLookup($cmixlev) { static $centerMixLevelLookup; if (empty($centerMixLevelLookup)) { $centerMixLevelLookup = array( 0 => pow(2, -3.0 / 6), // 0.707 (-3.0 dB) 1 => pow(2, -4.5 / 6), // 0.595 (-4.5 dB) 2 => pow(2, -6.0 / 6), // 0.500 (-6.0 dB) 3 => 'reserved' ); } return (isset($centerMixLevelLookup[$cmixlev]) ? $centerMixLevelLookup[$cmixlev] : false); } /** * @param int $surmixlev * * @return int|float|string|false */ public static function surroundMixLevelLookup($surmixlev) { static $surroundMixLevelLookup; if (empty($surroundMixLevelLookup)) { $surroundMixLevelLookup = array( 0 => pow(2, -3.0 / 6), 1 => pow(2, -6.0 / 6), 2 => 0, 3 => 'reserved' ); } return (isset($surroundMixLevelLookup[$surmixlev]) ? $surroundMixLevelLookup[$surmixlev] : false); } /** * @param int $dsurmod * * @return string|false */ public static function dolbySurroundModeLookup($dsurmod) { static $dolbySurroundModeLookup = array( 0 => 'not indicated', 1 => 'Not Dolby Surround encoded', 2 => 'Dolby Surround encoded', 3 => 'reserved' ); return (isset($dolbySurroundModeLookup[$dsurmod]) ? $dolbySurroundModeLookup[$dsurmod] : false); } /** * @param int $acmod * @param bool $lfeon * * @return array */ public static function channelsEnabledLookup($acmod, $lfeon) { $lookup = array( 'ch1'=>($acmod == 0), 'ch2'=>($acmod == 0), 'left'=>($acmod > 1), 'right'=>($acmod > 1), 'center'=>(bool) ($acmod & 0x01), 'surround_mono'=>false, 'surround_left'=>false, 'surround_right'=>false, 'lfe'=>$lfeon); switch ($acmod) { case 4: case 5: $lookup['surround_mono'] = true; break; case 6: case 7: $lookup['surround_left'] = true; $lookup['surround_right'] = true; break; } return $lookup; } /** * @param int $compre * * @return float|int */ public static function heavyCompression($compre) { // The first four bits indicate gain changes in 6.02dB increments which can be // implemented with an arithmetic shift operation. The following four bits // indicate linear gain changes, and require a 5-bit multiply. // We will represent the two 4-bit fields of compr as follows: // X0 X1 X2 X3 . Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 // The meaning of the X values is most simply described by considering X to represent a 4-bit // signed integer with values from -8 to +7. The gain indicated by X is then (X + 1) * 6.02 dB. The // following table shows this in detail. // Meaning of 4 msb of compr // 7 +48.16 dB // 6 +42.14 dB // 5 +36.12 dB // 4 +30.10 dB // 3 +24.08 dB // 2 +18.06 dB // 1 +12.04 dB // 0 +6.02 dB // -1 0 dB // -2 -6.02 dB // -3 -12.04 dB // -4 -18.06 dB // -5 -24.08 dB // -6 -30.10 dB // -7 -36.12 dB // -8 -42.14 dB $fourbit = str_pad(decbin(($compre & 0xF0) >> 4), 4, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT); if ($fourbit[0] == '1') { $log_gain = -8 + bindec(substr($fourbit, 1)); } else { $log_gain = bindec(substr($fourbit, 1)); } $log_gain = ($log_gain + 1) * getid3_lib::RGADamplitude2dB(2); // The value of Y is a linear representation of a gain change of up to -6 dB. Y is considered to // be an unsigned fractional integer, with a leading value of 1, or: 0.1 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 (base 2). Y can // represent values between 0.111112 (or 31/32) and 0.100002 (or 1/2). Thus, Y can represent gain // changes from -0.28 dB to -6.02 dB. $lin_gain = (16 + ($compre & 0x0F)) / 32; // The combination of X and Y values allows compr to indicate gain changes from // 48.16 - 0.28 = +47.89 dB, to // -42.14 - 6.02 = -48.16 dB. return $log_gain - $lin_gain; } /** * @param int $roomtyp * * @return string|false */ public static function roomTypeLookup($roomtyp) { static $roomTypeLookup = array( 0 => 'not indicated', 1 => 'large room, X curve monitor', 2 => 'small room, flat monitor', 3 => 'reserved' ); return (isset($roomTypeLookup[$roomtyp]) ? $roomTypeLookup[$roomtyp] : false); } /** * @param int $frmsizecod * @param int $fscod * * @return int|false */ public static function frameSizeLookup($frmsizecod, $fscod) { // LSB is whether padding is used or not $padding = (bool) ($frmsizecod & 0x01); $framesizeid = ($frmsizecod & 0x3E) >> 1; static $frameSizeLookup = array(); if (empty($frameSizeLookup)) { $frameSizeLookup = array ( 0 => array( 128, 138, 192), // 32 kbps 1 => array( 160, 174, 240), // 40 kbps 2 => array( 192, 208, 288), // 48 kbps 3 => array( 224, 242, 336), // 56 kbps 4 => array( 256, 278, 384), // 64 kbps 5 => array( 320, 348, 480), // 80 kbps 6 => array( 384, 416, 576), // 96 kbps 7 => array( 448, 486, 672), // 112 kbps 8 => array( 512, 556, 768), // 128 kbps 9 => array( 640, 696, 960), // 160 kbps 10 => array( 768, 834, 1152), // 192 kbps 11 => array( 896, 974, 1344), // 224 kbps 12 => array(1024, 1114, 1536), // 256 kbps 13 => array(1280, 1392, 1920), // 320 kbps 14 => array(1536, 1670, 2304), // 384 kbps 15 => array(1792, 1950, 2688), // 448 kbps 16 => array(2048, 2228, 3072), // 512 kbps 17 => array(2304, 2506, 3456), // 576 kbps 18 => array(2560, 2786, 3840) // 640 kbps ); } $paddingBytes = 0; if (($fscod == 1) && $padding) { // frame lengths are padded by 1 word (16 bits) at 44100 // (fscode==1) means 44100Hz (see sampleRateCodeLookup) $paddingBytes = 2; } return (isset($frameSizeLookup[$framesizeid][$fscod]) ? $frameSizeLookup[$framesizeid][$fscod] + $paddingBytes : false); } /** * @param int $frmsizecod * * @return int|false */ public static function bitrateLookup($frmsizecod) { // LSB is whether padding is used or not $padding = (bool) ($frmsizecod & 0x01); $framesizeid = ($frmsizecod & 0x3E) >> 1; static $bitrateLookup = array( 0 => 32000, 1 => 40000, 2 => 48000, 3 => 56000, 4 => 64000, 5 => 80000, 6 => 96000, 7 => 112000, 8 => 128000, 9 => 160000, 10 => 192000, 11 => 224000, 12 => 256000, 13 => 320000, 14 => 384000, 15 => 448000, 16 => 512000, 17 => 576000, 18 => 640000, ); return (isset($bitrateLookup[$framesizeid]) ? $bitrateLookup[$framesizeid] : false); } /** * @param int $numblkscod * * @return int|false */ public static function blocksPerSyncFrame($numblkscod) { static $blocksPerSyncFrameLookup = array( 0 => 1, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => 6, ); return (isset($blocksPerSyncFrameLookup[$numblkscod]) ? $blocksPerSyncFrameLookup[$numblkscod] : false); } }

معرفة

مشاعر الذكاء الاصطناعي.. حقيقة أم وهم؟

مايو 19, 2025

7٬510 3 دقائق

كتبت إيريني أنطون

في عالم تتسارع فيه تطورات الذكاء الاصطناعي، لم يعد دوره يقتصر على تنفيذ الأوامر وتحليل البيانات، بل أصبح قادراً على محاكاة المشاعر البشرية والتفاعل معها بطرق تثير التساؤلات. هل هذه مجرد برمجة متطورة أم أن الآلات قد تقترب من امتلاك وعي عاطفي حقيقي؟

دراسات حديثة في مجالات علم النفس وعلوم الحاسوب تشير إلى إمكانية تطوير أنظمة ذكاء اصطناعي قادرة على التعرف على المشاعر البشرية والتفاعل معها بشكل أكثر تعقيداً، لكن الخبراء ما زالوا منقسمين حول ما إذا كان هذا يعني أن الآلة يمكن أن “تشعر” بالفعل، أم أنها مجرد خوارزميات تحاكي العاطفة دون إدراك حقيقي لها.

حين ننظر في عيون شخص يبكي أو نسمع نبرة الفرح في صوت آخر، نحن لا ندرك المشاعر فحسب، بل نشعر بها أيضاً. هذه القدرة على الإحساس والتعاطف لطالما كانت ما يميز الإنسان عن الآلة. لكن اليوم، ومع تطور الذكاء الاصطناعي، بدأت الحدود تتلاشى. روبوتات تتحدث بحنان، أنظمة تواسي مستخدميها، وبرمجيات تتفاعل مع الحزن والفرح وكأنها تمتلك وعياً عاطفياً. فهل يمكن للآلة أن تشعر حقاً، أم أن كل ما تفعله مجرد محاكاة بارعة تخدعنا للحظات؟

“الذكاء الاصطناعي أشبه بدمية متطورة جداً”

قال أستاذ عبدالله الدالي، مطور برمجيات، إن: “الذكاء الاصطناعي مثل الممثل المحترف، لا يشعر بالمشاعر الحقيقية ولكنه يعرف أن يقلدها”. وأضاف أستاذ عبدالله أنه يمكن تصميم أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي بحيث تبدو وكأنها تمتلك مشاعر، حيث قال: “المبرمجين يصممون النظام بحيث يحلل الحديث أو الموقف مثل نبرة الصوت، ثم يختار رد مناسب من قاعدة بيانات بها عبارات جاهزة تعبر عن فرح أو زعل أو حتى تعاطف، بمعنى أنه يتم وضع سيناريو ثابت في البرمجة. على سبيل المثال، عندما تقول له ‘أنا حزين’، يرد الرد المبرمج عليه، مثلًا: ‘لماذا أنت حزين؟’”.

من جانبه، قال أستاذ وليد دبور، أستاذ مساعد الذكاء الاصطناعي بجامعة الأهرام الكندية: “الذكاء الاصطناعي الحالي أشبه بدمية متطورة جداً، تتحدث وتتحرك بذكاء لكنها لا تعيش ولا تشعر”. وأكد أستاذ وليد: “لا توجد طريقة لصنع مشاعر حقيقية في الآلات حالياً، وما يحدث هو مجرد تدريب لبيانات وخوارزميات الذكاء الاصطناعي. إذا دربته على نصوص عدوانية قد تصبح ردوده حادة، وإذا دربته على نصوص حزينة، سيقلد اللغة الحزينة، لكن هذا مجرد تمثيل وليس مشاعر حقيقية إطلاقاً”. وشرح أستاذ عبدالله قائلاً: “الإحساس عملية بيولوجية مرتبطة بالمخ والهرمونات عند البشر، بينما الذكاء الاصطناعي ليس إلا مجرد كود وخوارزميات، وهذه محاكاة ذكية جداً”.

“الجهاز العصبي والنفسي مرتبطان ببعضهما وميز الله بهما الكائنات الحية فقط”

قالت دكتورة ماري جرجس، استشارية صحة نفسية: “العناصر التي تشكل المشاعر توجد في الجزء الأوسط من الدماغ وهي منطقة قريبة من اللاوعي، وبالتالي لا يتحكم بها العقل أو المنطق. المشاعر هي كل ما يشعر به الإنسان من فرح وحب وحزن وغضب وغيرها”. وأكدت دكتورة ماري أنه: “لا يمكن لآلة أن تمتلك مشاعر حقيقية، وإلا ستكون مشاعر مزيفة عن طريق التحكم في برمجة تلك الآلة. يمكن للذكاء الاصطناعي أن يفعل أي شيء ويوصل لتقدمات كبيرة جداً، لكن من الصعب أن يتحكم في شيء له علاقة بالسلوكيات والنفسية والجهاز العصبي. فالجهاز العصبي والنفسي مرتبطان ببعضهما وميز الله بهما الكائنات الحية فقط، ومن الصعب أن تمتلكهما آلة. وفي حالة الوصول لتلك التقنيات وتنفيذها بشكل فعلي، ستكون مجرد محاكاة، وسيوضح ذلك في عدم وضوح الحالة الانفعالية بجودتها الطبيعية”.

“المشاعر تحتاج إلى وعي ذاتي”

يرى البعض أن المشاعر تحتاج إلى وعي ذاتي، وهو ما لا يمتلكه الذكاء الاصطناعي حتى الآن، بينما يعتقد آخرون أن المشاعر ليست سوى عمليات إدراكية يمكن برمجتها. بين الرؤيتين، يقف الجدل العلمي والفلسفي.

قالت أستاذة مارتينا سمير، معيدة بقسم الفلسفة في كلية البنات جامعة عين شمس: “المشاعر تعرف فلسفياً بأنها تفاعلات بيولوجية وفكرية للذات الإنسانية، والأنظمة الذكية هي فقط تحاكي العقل البشري، لكن مستحيل أن تصل بالفعل للشعور مثله لأنها لا تمتلك تجربة شعورية واقعية كالبشر. وفي حالة وصولها لذلك، ستكون مجرد محاكاة من خلال الخوارزميات والبيانات المغذية بها من قبل، ولكنها تحتاج لوعي ذاتي، فهي بالنهاية خدع ذكية”.

وأوضحت أستاذة مارتينا قائلة: “بالنسبة لمفهوم الثنائية بين العقل والجسد، تعني الانفصال بين العقل المعنوي والجسد المادي. وهذا المفهوم يعطي إمكانية لامتلاك الذكاء الاصطناعي مشاعر كما البشر، لأن في هذه الحالة لن يحتاج إلى جسم بيولوجي ووعي إنساني حقيقي لكي يشعر. وفي هذه الحالة قد يكون للأنظمة الذكية فرصة لتحمل وعي أو مشاعر من وجهة نظر الفلسفة”.

ورغم التقدم الهائل في الذكاء الاصطناعي، فإن إمكانية امتلاكه مشاعر حقيقية تظل محل جدل واسع. من منظور البرمجة، لا يزال الذكاء الاصطناعي يعتمد على خوارزميات تحاكي المشاعر دون إدراك حقيقي لها. علم النفس يؤكد أن المشاعر ترتبط بتجارب ذاتية وتفاعلات عصبية وهرمونية لا يمكن محاكاتها برمجيًا بشكل كامل. أما الفلسفة، فرغم بعض النظريات التي تفتح المجال أمام إمكانية وعي منفصل عن الجسد، فإنها تتفق مع العلم على أن الوعي والمشاعر كما نعرفها تظل معقدة إلى حد يجعل من الصعب جدًا، إن لم يكن مستحيلًا، أن تمتلكها الآلة. في النهاية، قد يتمكن الذكاء الاصطناعي من خداعنا باستجاباته العاطفية، لكنه سيبقى بلا إحساس حقيقي، مجرد محاكاة متقنة لمشاعر لا يعيشها بالفعل.

مايو 19, 2025

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