<?php /** * WordPress Export Administration API * * @package WordPress * @subpackage Administration */ /** * Version number for the export format. * * Bump this when something changes that might affect compatibility. * * @since 2.5.0 */ define( 'WXR_VERSION', '1.2' ); /** * Generates the WXR export file for download. * * Default behavior is to export all content, however, note that post content will only * be exported for post types with the `can_export` argument enabled. Any posts with the * 'auto-draft' status will be skipped. * * @since 2.1.0 * @since 5.7.0 Added the `post_modified` and `post_modified_gmt` fields to the export file. * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * @global WP_Post $post Global post object. * * @param array $args { * Optional. Arguments for generating the WXR export file for download. Default empty array. * * @type string $content Type of content to export. If set, only the post content of this post type * will be exported. Accepts 'all', 'post', 'page', 'attachment', or a defined * custom post. If an invalid custom post type is supplied, every post type for * which `can_export` is enabled will be exported instead. If a valid custom post * type is supplied but `can_export` is disabled, then 'posts' will be exported * instead. When 'all' is supplied, only post types with `can_export` enabled will * be exported. Default 'all'. * @type string $author Author to export content for. Only used when `$content` is 'post', 'page', or * 'attachment'. Accepts false (all) or a specific author ID. Default false (all). * @type string $category Category (slug) to export content for. Used only when `$content` is 'post'. If * set, only post content assigned to `$category` will be exported. Accepts false * or a specific category slug. Default is false (all categories). * @type string $start_date Start date to export content from. Expected date format is 'Y-m-d'. Used only * when `$content` is 'post', 'page' or 'attachment'. Default false (since the * beginning of time). * @type string $end_date End date to export content to. Expected date format is 'Y-m-d'. Used only when * `$content` is 'post', 'page' or 'attachment'. Default false (latest publish date). * @type string $status Post status to export posts for. Used only when `$content` is 'post' or 'page'. * Accepts false (all statuses except 'auto-draft'), or a specific status, i.e. * 'publish', 'pending', 'draft', 'auto-draft', 'future', 'private', 'inherit', or * 'trash'. Default false (all statuses except 'auto-draft'). * } */ function export_wp( $args = array() ) { global $wpdb, $post; $defaults = array( 'content' => 'all', 'author' => false, 'category' => false, 'start_date' => false, 'end_date' => false, 'status' => false, ); $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults ); /** * Fires at the beginning of an export, before any headers are sent. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param array $args An array of export arguments. */ do_action( 'export_wp', $args ); $sitename = sanitize_key( get_bloginfo( 'name' ) ); if ( ! empty( $sitename ) ) { $sitename .= '.'; } $date = gmdate( 'Y-m-d' ); $wp_filename = $sitename . 'WordPress.' . $date . '.xml'; /** * Filters the export filename. * * @since 4.4.0 * * @param string $wp_filename The name of the file for download. * @param string $sitename The site name. * @param string $date Today's date, formatted. */ $filename = apply_filters( 'export_wp_filename', $wp_filename, $sitename, $date ); header( 'Content-Description: File Transfer' ); header( 'Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename ); header( 'Content-Type: text/xml; charset=' . get_option( 'blog_charset' ), true ); if ( 'all' !== $args['content'] && post_type_exists( $args['content'] ) ) { $ptype = get_post_type_object( $args['content'] ); if ( ! $ptype->can_export ) { $args['content'] = 'post'; } $where = $wpdb->prepare( "{$wpdb->posts}.post_type = %s", $args['content'] ); } else { $post_types = get_post_types( array( 'can_export' => true ) ); $esses = array_fill( 0, count( $post_types ), '%s' ); // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQLPlaceholders.UnfinishedPrepare $where = $wpdb->prepare( "{$wpdb->posts}.post_type IN (" . implode( ',', $esses ) . ')', $post_types ); } if ( $args['status'] && ( 'post' === $args['content'] || 'page' === $args['content'] ) ) { $where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_status = %s", $args['status'] ); } else { $where .= " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_status != 'auto-draft'"; } $join = ''; if ( $args['category'] && 'post' === $args['content'] ) { $term = term_exists( $args['category'], 'category' ); if ( $term ) { $join = "INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_relationships} ON ({$wpdb->posts}.ID = {$wpdb->term_relationships}.object_id)"; $where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->term_relationships}.term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term['term_taxonomy_id'] ); } } if ( in_array( $args['content'], array( 'post', 'page', 'attachment' ), true ) ) { if ( $args['author'] ) { $where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_author = %d", $args['author'] ); } if ( $args['start_date'] ) { $where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_date >= %s", gmdate( 'Y-m-d', strtotime( $args['start_date'] ) ) ); } if ( $args['end_date'] ) { $where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_date < %s", gmdate( 'Y-m-d', strtotime( '+1 month', strtotime( $args['end_date'] ) ) ) ); } } // Grab a snapshot of post IDs, just in case it changes during the export. $post_ids = $wpdb->get_col( "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->posts} $join WHERE $where" ); // Get IDs for the attachments of each post, unless all content is already being exported. if ( ! in_array( $args['content'], array( 'all', 'attachment' ), true ) ) { // Array to hold all additional IDs (attachments and thumbnails). $additional_ids = array(); // Create a copy of the post IDs array to avoid modifying the original array. $processing_ids = $post_ids; while ( $next_posts = array_splice( $processing_ids, 0, 20 ) ) { $posts_in = array_map( 'absint', $next_posts ); $placeholders = array_fill( 0, count( $posts_in ), '%d' ); // Create a string for the placeholders. $in_placeholder = implode( ',', $placeholders ); // Prepare the SQL statement for attachment ids. $attachment_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( " SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_parent IN ($in_placeholder) AND post_type = 'attachment' ", $posts_in ) ); $thumbnails_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( " SELECT meta_value FROM $wpdb->postmeta WHERE $wpdb->postmeta.post_id IN ($in_placeholder) AND $wpdb->postmeta.meta_key = '_thumbnail_id' ", $posts_in ) ); $additional_ids = array_merge( $additional_ids, $attachment_ids, $thumbnails_ids ); } // Merge the additional IDs back with the original post IDs after processing all posts $post_ids = array_unique( array_merge( $post_ids, $additional_ids ) ); } /* * Get the requested terms ready, empty unless posts filtered by category * or all content. */ $cats = array(); $tags = array(); $terms = array(); if ( isset( $term ) && $term ) { $cat = get_term( $term['term_id'], 'category' ); $cats = array( $cat->term_id => $cat ); unset( $term, $cat ); } elseif ( 'all' === $args['content'] ) { $categories = (array) get_categories( array( 'get' => 'all' ) ); $tags = (array) get_tags( array( 'get' => 'all' ) ); $custom_taxonomies = get_taxonomies( array( '_builtin' => false ) ); $custom_terms = (array) get_terms( array( 'taxonomy' => $custom_taxonomies, 'get' => 'all', ) ); // Put categories in order with no child going before its parent. while ( $cat = array_shift( $categories ) ) { if ( ! $cat->parent || isset( $cats[ $cat->parent ] ) ) { $cats[ $cat->term_id ] = $cat; } else { $categories[] = $cat; } } // Put terms in order with no child going before its parent. while ( $t = array_shift( $custom_terms ) ) { if ( ! $t->parent || isset( $terms[ $t->parent ] ) ) { $terms[ $t->term_id ] = $t; } else { $custom_terms[] = $t; } } unset( $categories, $custom_taxonomies, $custom_terms ); } /** * Wraps given string in XML CDATA tag. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @param string $str String to wrap in XML CDATA tag. * @return string */ function wxr_cdata( $str ) { if ( ! seems_utf8( $str ) ) { $str = utf8_encode( $str ); } // $str = ent2ncr(esc_html($str)); $str = '<![CDATA[' . str_replace( ']]>', ']]]]><![CDATA[>', $str ) . ']]>'; return $str; } /** * Returns the URL of the site. * * @since 2.5.0 * * @return string Site URL. */ function wxr_site_url() { if ( is_multisite() ) { // Multisite: the base URL. return network_home_url(); } else { // WordPress (single site): the site URL. return get_bloginfo_rss( 'url' ); } } /** * Outputs a cat_name XML tag from a given category object. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @param WP_Term $category Category Object. */ function wxr_cat_name( $category ) { if ( empty( $category->name ) ) { return; } echo '<wp:cat_name>' . wxr_cdata( $category->name ) . "</wp:cat_name>\n"; } /** * Outputs a category_description XML tag from a given category object. * * @since 2.1.0 * * @param WP_Term $category Category Object. */ function wxr_category_description( $category ) { if ( empty( $category->description ) ) { return; } echo '<wp:category_description>' . wxr_cdata( $category->description ) . "</wp:category_description>\n"; } /** * Outputs a tag_name XML tag from a given tag object. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param WP_Term $tag Tag Object. */ function wxr_tag_name( $tag ) { if ( empty( $tag->name ) ) { return; } echo '<wp:tag_name>' . wxr_cdata( $tag->name ) . "</wp:tag_name>\n"; } /** * Outputs a tag_description XML tag from a given tag object. * * @since 2.3.0 * * @param WP_Term $tag Tag Object. */ function wxr_tag_description( $tag ) { if ( empty( $tag->description ) ) { return; } echo '<wp:tag_description>' . wxr_cdata( $tag->description ) . "</wp:tag_description>\n"; } /** * Outputs a term_name XML tag from a given term object. * * @since 2.9.0 * * @param WP_Term $term Term Object. */ function wxr_term_name( $term ) { if ( empty( $term->name ) ) { return; } echo '<wp:term_name>' . wxr_cdata( $term->name ) . "</wp:term_name>\n"; } /** * Outputs a term_description XML tag from a given term object. * * @since 2.9.0 * * @param WP_Term $term Term Object. */ function wxr_term_description( $term ) { if ( empty( $term->description ) ) { return; } echo "\t\t<wp:term_description>" . wxr_cdata( $term->description ) . "</wp:term_description>\n"; } /** * Outputs term meta XML tags for a given term object. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param WP_Term $term Term object. */ function wxr_term_meta( $term ) { global $wpdb; $termmeta = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->termmeta WHERE term_id = %d", $term->term_id ) ); foreach ( $termmeta as $meta ) { /** * Filters whether to selectively skip term meta used for WXR exports. * * Returning a truthy value from the filter will skip the current meta * object from being exported. * * @since 4.6.0 * * @param bool $skip Whether to skip the current piece of term meta. Default false. * @param string $meta_key Current meta key. * @param object $meta Current meta object. */ if ( ! apply_filters( 'wxr_export_skip_termmeta', false, $meta->meta_key, $meta ) ) { printf( "\t\t<wp:termmeta>\n\t\t\t<wp:meta_key>%s</wp:meta_key>\n\t\t\t<wp:meta_value>%s</wp:meta_value>\n\t\t</wp:termmeta>\n", wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_key ), wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_value ) ); } } } /** * Outputs list of authors with posts. * * @since 3.1.0 * * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object. * * @param int[] $post_ids Optional. Array of post IDs to filter the query by. */ function wxr_authors_list( ?array $post_ids = null ) { global $wpdb; if ( ! empty( $post_ids ) ) { $post_ids = array_map( 'absint', $post_ids ); $and = 'AND ID IN ( ' . implode( ', ', $post_ids ) . ')'; } else { $and = ''; } $authors = array(); $results = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT DISTINCT post_author FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_status != 'auto-draft' $and" ); foreach ( (array) $results as $result ) { $authors[] = get_userdata( $result->post_author ); } $authors = array_filter( $authors ); foreach ( $authors as $author ) { echo "\t<wp:author>"; echo '<wp:author_id>' . (int) $author->ID . '</wp:author_id>'; echo '<wp:author_login>' . wxr_cdata( $author->user_login ) . '</wp:author_login>'; echo '<wp:author_email>' . wxr_cdata( $author->user_email ) . '</wp:author_email>'; echo '<wp:author_display_name>' . wxr_cdata( $author->display_name ) . '</wp:author_display_name>'; echo '<wp:author_first_name>' . wxr_cdata( $author->first_name ) . '</wp:author_first_name>'; echo '<wp:author_last_name>' . wxr_cdata( $author->last_name ) . '</wp:author_last_name>'; echo "</wp:author>\n"; } } /** * Outputs all navigation menu terms. * * @since 3.1.0 */ function wxr_nav_menu_terms() { $nav_menus = wp_get_nav_menus(); if ( empty( $nav_menus ) || ! is_array( $nav_menus ) ) { return; } foreach ( $nav_menus as $menu ) { echo "\t<wp:term>"; echo '<wp:term_id>' . (int) $menu->term_id . '</wp:term_id>'; echo '<wp:term_taxonomy>nav_menu</wp:term_taxonomy>'; echo '<wp:term_slug>' . wxr_cdata( $menu->slug ) . '</wp:term_slug>'; wxr_term_name( $menu ); echo "</wp:term>\n"; } } /** * Outputs list of taxonomy terms, in XML tag format, associated with a post. * * @since 2.3.0 */ function wxr_post_taxonomy() { $post = get_post(); $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $post->post_type ); if ( empty( $taxonomies ) ) { return; } $terms = wp_get_object_terms( $post->ID, $taxonomies ); foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) { echo "\t\t<category domain=\"{$term->taxonomy}\" nicename=\"{$term->slug}\">" . wxr_cdata( $term->name ) . "</category>\n"; } } /** * Determines whether to selectively skip post meta used for WXR exports. * * @since 3.3.0 * * @param bool $return_me Whether to skip the current post meta. Default false. * @param string $meta_key Meta key. * @return bool */ function wxr_filter_postmeta( $return_me, $meta_key ) { if ( '_edit_lock' === $meta_key ) { $return_me = true; } return $return_me; } add_filter( 'wxr_export_skip_postmeta', 'wxr_filter_postmeta', 10, 2 ); echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="' . get_bloginfo( 'charset' ) . "\" ?>\n"; ?>                <?php the_generator( 'export' ); ?> <rss version="2.0" xmlns:excerpt="http://wordpress.org/export/<?php echo WXR_VERSION; ?>/excerpt/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:wp="http://wordpress.org/export/<?php echo WXR_VERSION; ?>/" > <channel> <title><?php bloginfo_rss( 'name' ); ?></title> <link><?php bloginfo_rss( 'url' ); ?></link> <description><?php bloginfo_rss( 'description' ); ?></description> <pubDate><?php echo gmdate( 'D, d M Y H:i:s +0000' ); ?></pubDate> <language><?php bloginfo_rss( 'language' ); ?></language> <wp:wxr_version><?php echo WXR_VERSION; ?></wp:wxr_version> <wp:base_site_url><?php echo wxr_site_url(); ?></wp:base_site_url> <wp:base_blog_url><?php bloginfo_rss( 'url' ); ?></wp:base_blog_url> <?php wxr_authors_list( $post_ids ); ?> <?php foreach ( $cats as $c ) : ?> <wp:category> <wp:term_id><?php echo (int) $c->term_id; ?></wp:term_id> <wp:category_nicename><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->slug ); ?></wp:category_nicename> <wp:category_parent><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->parent ? $cats[ $c->parent ]->slug : '' ); ?></wp:category_parent> <?php wxr_cat_name( $c ); wxr_category_description( $c ); wxr_term_meta( $c ); ?> </wp:category> <?php endforeach; ?> <?php foreach ( $tags as $t ) : ?> <wp:tag> <wp:term_id><?php echo (int) $t->term_id; ?></wp:term_id> <wp:tag_slug><?php echo wxr_cdata( $t->slug ); ?></wp:tag_slug> <?php wxr_tag_name( $t ); wxr_tag_description( $t ); wxr_term_meta( $t ); ?> </wp:tag> <?php endforeach; ?> <?php foreach ( $terms as $t ) : ?> <wp:term> <wp:term_id><?php echo (int) $t->term_id; ?></wp:term_id> <wp:term_taxonomy><?php echo wxr_cdata( $t->taxonomy ); ?></wp:term_taxonomy> <wp:term_slug><?php echo wxr_cdata( $t->slug ); ?></wp:term_slug> <wp:term_parent><?php echo wxr_cdata( $t->parent ? $terms[ $t->parent ]->slug : '' ); ?></wp:term_parent> <?php wxr_term_name( $t ); wxr_term_description( $t ); wxr_term_meta( $t ); ?> </wp:term> <?php endforeach; ?> <?php if ( 'all' === $args['content'] ) { wxr_nav_menu_terms(); } ?> <?php /** This action is documented in wp-includes/feed-rss2.php */ do_action( 'rss2_head' ); ?> <?php if ( $post_ids ) { /** * @global WP_Query $wp_query WordPress Query object. */ global $wp_query; // Fake being in the loop. $wp_query->in_the_loop = true; // Fetch 20 posts at a time rather than loading the entire table into memory. while ( $next_posts = array_splice( $post_ids, 0, 20 ) ) { $where = 'WHERE ID IN (' . implode( ',', $next_posts ) . ')'; $posts = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->posts} $where" ); // Begin Loop. foreach ( $posts as $post ) { setup_postdata( $post ); /** * Filters the post title used for WXR exports. * * @since 5.7.0 * * @param string $post_title Title of the current post. */ $title = wxr_cdata( apply_filters( 'the_title_export', $post->post_title ) ); /** * Filters the post content used for WXR exports. * * @since 2.5.0 * * @param string $post_content Content of the current post. */ $content = wxr_cdata( apply_filters( 'the_content_export', $post->post_content ) ); /** * Filters the post excerpt used for WXR exports. * * @since 2.6.0 * * @param string $post_excerpt Excerpt for the current post. */ $excerpt = wxr_cdata( apply_filters( 'the_excerpt_export', $post->post_excerpt ) ); $is_sticky = is_sticky( $post->ID ) ? 1 : 0; ?> <item> <title><?php echo $title; ?></title> <link><?php the_permalink_rss(); ?></link> <pubDate><?php echo mysql2date( 'D, d M Y H:i:s +0000', get_post_time( 'Y-m-d H:i:s', true ), false ); ?></pubDate> <dc:creator><?php echo wxr_cdata( get_the_author_meta( 'login' ) ); ?></dc:creator> <guid isPermaLink="false"><?php the_guid(); ?></guid> <description></description> <content:encoded><?php echo $content; ?></content:encoded> <excerpt:encoded><?php echo $excerpt; ?></excerpt:encoded> <wp:post_id><?php echo (int) $post->ID; ?></wp:post_id> <wp:post_date><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_date ); ?></wp:post_date> <wp:post_date_gmt><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_date_gmt ); ?></wp:post_date_gmt> <wp:post_modified><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_modified ); ?></wp:post_modified> <wp:post_modified_gmt><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_modified_gmt ); ?></wp:post_modified_gmt> <wp:comment_status><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->comment_status ); ?></wp:comment_status> <wp:ping_status><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->ping_status ); ?></wp:ping_status> <wp:post_name><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_name ); ?></wp:post_name> <wp:status><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_status ); ?></wp:status> <wp:post_parent><?php echo (int) $post->post_parent; ?></wp:post_parent> <wp:menu_order><?php echo (int) $post->menu_order; ?></wp:menu_order> <wp:post_type><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_type ); ?></wp:post_type> <wp:post_password><?php echo wxr_cdata( $post->post_password ); ?></wp:post_password> <wp:is_sticky><?php echo (int) $is_sticky; ?></wp:is_sticky> <?php if ( 'attachment' === $post->post_type ) : ?> <wp:attachment_url><?php echo wxr_cdata( wp_get_attachment_url( $post->ID ) ); ?></wp:attachment_url> <?php endif; ?> <?php wxr_post_taxonomy(); ?> <?php $postmeta = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->postmeta WHERE post_id = %d", $post->ID ) ); foreach ( $postmeta as $meta ) : /** * Filters whether to selectively skip post meta used for WXR exports. * * Returning a truthy value from the filter will skip the current meta * object from being exported. * * @since 3.3.0 * * @param bool $skip Whether to skip the current post meta. Default false. * @param string $meta_key Current meta key. * @param object $meta Current meta object. */ if ( apply_filters( 'wxr_export_skip_postmeta', false, $meta->meta_key, $meta ) ) { continue; } ?> <wp:postmeta> <wp:meta_key><?php echo wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_key ); ?></wp:meta_key> <wp:meta_value><?php echo wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_value ); ?></wp:meta_value> </wp:postmeta> <?php endforeach; $_comments = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->comments WHERE comment_post_ID = %d AND comment_approved <> 'spam'", $post->ID ) ); $comments = array_map( 'get_comment', $_comments ); foreach ( $comments as $c ) : ?> <wp:comment> <wp:comment_id><?php echo (int) $c->comment_ID; ?></wp:comment_id> <wp:comment_author><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_author ); ?></wp:comment_author> <wp:comment_author_email><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_author_email ); ?></wp:comment_author_email> <wp:comment_author_url><?php echo sanitize_url( $c->comment_author_url ); ?></wp:comment_author_url> <wp:comment_author_IP><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_author_IP ); ?></wp:comment_author_IP> <wp:comment_date><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_date ); ?></wp:comment_date> <wp:comment_date_gmt><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_date_gmt ); ?></wp:comment_date_gmt> <wp:comment_content><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_content ); ?></wp:comment_content> <wp:comment_approved><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_approved ); ?></wp:comment_approved> <wp:comment_type><?php echo wxr_cdata( $c->comment_type ); ?></wp:comment_type> <wp:comment_parent><?php echo (int) $c->comment_parent; ?></wp:comment_parent> <wp:comment_user_id><?php echo (int) $c->user_id; ?></wp:comment_user_id> <?php $c_meta = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->commentmeta WHERE comment_id = %d", $c->comment_ID ) ); foreach ( $c_meta as $meta ) : /** * Filters whether to selectively skip comment meta used for WXR exports. * * Returning a truthy value from the filter will skip the current meta * object from being exported. * * @since 4.0.0 * * @param bool $skip Whether to skip the current comment meta. Default false. * @param string $meta_key Current meta key. * @param object $meta Current meta object. */ if ( apply_filters( 'wxr_export_skip_commentmeta', false, $meta->meta_key, $meta ) ) { continue; } ?> <wp:commentmeta> <wp:meta_key><?php echo wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_key ); ?></wp:meta_key> <wp:meta_value><?php echo wxr_cdata( $meta->meta_value ); ?></wp:meta_value> </wp:commentmeta> <?php endforeach; ?> </wp:comment> <?php endforeach; ?> </item> <?php } } } ?> </channel> </rss> <?php }

معرفة

رواية “موسم صيد الغزلان “أدب يقرأ الغد: فكيف توقّعت رواية مراد تقنيات اليوم؟

أكتوبر 9, 2025

1٬507 دقيقة واحدة

كتبت: فرح سمير

في عام 2017، أصدر الكاتب المصري أحمد مراد روايته “موسم صيد الغزلان”، التي جاءت خارج المألوف في السرد العربي، واصطحبت القارئ في رحلة إلى مستقبل تحكمه التكنولوجيا، وتختفي فيه ملامح الحياة التقليدية. رواية استباقية طرحت أسئلة علمية وفلسفية بلغة أدبية مشوقة، وتنبأت بواقع نبدأ اليوم في ملامسته.

في الرواية، نتتبع رحلة “نديم”، أستاذ بيولوجيا شاب يؤمن بالعلم المطلق وينكر الأديان، يلتقي بـ”تُقى”، فتاة تنتمي إلى جماعة سرّية ما زالت تؤمن بالروحانيات والإيمان. ينطلق الصراع بين العقل والإيمان في قالب حواري وفلسفي داخل عالم مستقبلي متطور تقنيًا، تُستخدم فيه تقنيات زرع الذاكرة، والعلاج بالروبوت، والتعليم بالنقل العصبي. وبين أسئلة الإيمان، والحب، والمعرفة، يكشف مراد عالماً يُخضع الإنسان للآلة ويطرح تساؤلات وجودية عميقة عن المستقبل ومعنى الحياة.

مراد لم يكتب من فراغ، بل بنى روايته على بحث علمي مكثف. وقال مراد في أحد تصريحاته:
“الرواية استغرقت مني 3 أشهر من البحث العلمي، و9 أشهر من الكتابة. التحدي الأكبر كان أن أستشرف المستقبل من خلال الإشارات العلمية المتوفرة الآن.”

ما كتبه أحمد مراد عن أدوات الاتصال الذكية، التعليم القائم على زراعة المعرفة في الدماغ، والطب القادر على استبدال أعضاء الإنسان بالكامل، لم يعد ضرباً من الخيال. فالواقع الافتراضي والمعزز، والهولوجرام، والروبوتات الجراحية، وواجهات زرع المعلومات في الدماغ مثل Neuralink، كلها تقنيات بدأت تظهر في حياتنا المعاصرة. حتى التقدم في مجالات تعديل الأجنة وزراعة الأعضاء الصناعية الذكية أصبح اليوم محط نقاش وتجربة.

ورغم سيطرة الخط التكنولوجي، لم تغب الكوارث البيئية عن الرواية. فقد أشار مراد إلى جفاف نهر النيل، وغرق مناطق الدلتا والإسكندرية بسبب ذوبان الجليد القطبي. وهي مشاهد روائية تنسجم بشكل مقلق مع التحذيرات العلمية الراهنة من آثار تغيّر المناخ على المدن الساحلية.

رواية أم سيناريو مستقبلي؟
تميّزت الرواية بأسلوب بصري واضح، فبدت مشاهدها وكأنها تُعرض على شاشة سينمائية. استخدم مراد تقنيات السرد البصري بشكل بارع، فبدت الابتكارات وكأنها شخصيات موازية داخل الحبكة، وليست مجرد خلفية.

خيال علمي عربي… يسبق عصره
“موسم صيد الغزلان” ليست فقط عملاً روائيًا متقدّمًا، بل خطوة جريئة في مجال الخيال العلمي العربي، الذي نادرًا ما يتم التعامل معه بجديّة. مراد لم يستخدم الخيال كمهرب من الواقع، بل كأداة لقراءته وتحليله واستشراف ما قد يأتي.
ومع تسارع وتيرة التطور التكنولوجي اليوم، تعود الرواية لتُقرأ من منظور مختلف: كنص أدبي استشرافي، سبق زمنه، ولامس ملامح واقع نعيش بداياته

أكتوبر 9, 2025

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