<?php if (class_exists('ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util', false)) { return; } /** * Class ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util */ abstract class ParagonIE_Sodium_Core_Util { const U32_MAX = 0xFFFFFFFF; /** * @param int $integer * @param int $size (16, 32, 64) * @return int */ public static function abs($integer, $size = 0) { /** @var int $realSize */ $realSize = (PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 1; if ($size) { --$size; } else { /** @var int $size */ $size = $realSize; } $negative = -(($integer >> $size) & 1); return (int) ( ($integer ^ $negative) + (($negative >> $realSize) & 1) ); } /** * @param string $a * @param string $b * @return string * @throws SodiumException */ public static function andStrings($a, $b) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($a)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string'); } if (!is_string($b)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string'); } $len = self::strlen($a); if (self::strlen($b) !== $len) { throw new SodiumException('Both strings must be of equal length to combine with bitwise AND'); } return $a & $b; } /** * Convert a binary string into a hexadecimal string without cache-timing * leaks * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $binaryString (raw binary) * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function bin2hex($binaryString) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($binaryString)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($binaryString) . ' given.'); } $hex = ''; $len = self::strlen($binaryString); for ($i = 0; $i < $len; ++$i) { /** @var array<int, int> $chunk */ $chunk = unpack('C', $binaryString[$i]); /** @var int $c */ $c = $chunk[1] & 0xf; /** @var int $b */ $b = $chunk[1] >> 4; $hex .= pack( 'CC', (87 + $b + ((($b - 10) >> 8) & ~38)), (87 + $c + ((($c - 10) >> 8) & ~38)) ); } return $hex; } /** * Convert a binary string into a hexadecimal string without cache-timing * leaks, returning uppercase letters (as per RFC 4648) * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $bin_string (raw binary) * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function bin2hexUpper($bin_string) { $hex = ''; $len = self::strlen($bin_string); for ($i = 0; $i < $len; ++$i) { /** @var array<int, int> $chunk */ $chunk = unpack('C', $bin_string[$i]); /** * Lower 16 bits * * @var int $c */ $c = $chunk[1] & 0xf; /** * Upper 16 bits * @var int $b */ $b = $chunk[1] >> 4; /** * Use pack() and binary operators to turn the two integers * into hexadecimal characters. We don't use chr() here, because * it uses a lookup table internally and we want to avoid * cache-timing side-channels. */ $hex .= pack( 'CC', (55 + $b + ((($b - 10) >> 8) & ~6)), (55 + $c + ((($c - 10) >> 8) & ~6)) ); } return $hex; } /** * Cache-timing-safe variant of ord() * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $chr * @return int * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function chrToInt($chr) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($chr)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($chr) . ' given.'); } if (self::strlen($chr) !== 1) { throw new SodiumException('chrToInt() expects a string that is exactly 1 character long'); } /** @var array<int, int> $chunk */ $chunk = unpack('C', $chr); return (int) ($chunk[1]); } /** * Compares two strings. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $left * @param string $right * @param int $len * @return int * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function compare($left, $right, $len = null) { $leftLen = self::strlen($left); $rightLen = self::strlen($right); if ($len === null) { $len = max($leftLen, $rightLen); $left = str_pad($left, $len, "\x00", STR_PAD_RIGHT); $right = str_pad($right, $len, "\x00", STR_PAD_RIGHT); } $gt = 0; $eq = 1; $i = $len; while ($i !== 0) { --$i; $gt |= ((self::chrToInt($right[$i]) - self::chrToInt($left[$i])) >> 8) & $eq; $eq &= ((self::chrToInt($right[$i]) ^ self::chrToInt($left[$i])) - 1) >> 8; } return ($gt + $gt + $eq) - 1; } /** * If a variable does not match a given type, throw a TypeError. * * @param mixed $mixedVar * @param string $type * @param int $argumentIndex * @throws TypeError * @throws SodiumException * @return void */ public static function declareScalarType(&$mixedVar = null, $type = 'void', $argumentIndex = 0) { if (func_num_args() === 0) { /* Tautology, by default */ return; } if (func_num_args() === 1) { throw new TypeError('Declared void, but passed a variable'); } $realType = strtolower(gettype($mixedVar)); $type = strtolower($type); switch ($type) { case 'null': if ($mixedVar !== null) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be null, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } break; case 'integer': case 'int': $allow = array('int', 'integer'); if (!in_array($type, $allow)) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be an integer, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } $mixedVar = (int) $mixedVar; break; case 'boolean': case 'bool': $allow = array('bool', 'boolean'); if (!in_array($type, $allow)) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be a boolean, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } $mixedVar = (bool) $mixedVar; break; case 'string': if (!is_string($mixedVar)) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be a string, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } $mixedVar = (string) $mixedVar; break; case 'decimal': case 'double': case 'float': $allow = array('decimal', 'double', 'float'); if (!in_array($type, $allow)) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be a float, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } $mixedVar = (float) $mixedVar; break; case 'object': if (!is_object($mixedVar)) { throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be an object, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } break; case 'array': if (!is_array($mixedVar)) { if (is_object($mixedVar)) { if ($mixedVar instanceof ArrayAccess) { return; } } throw new TypeError('Argument ' . $argumentIndex . ' must be an array, ' . $realType . ' given.'); } break; default: throw new SodiumException('Unknown type (' . $realType .') does not match expect type (' . $type . ')'); } } /** * Evaluate whether or not two strings are equal (in constant-time) * * @param string $left * @param string $right * @return bool * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function hashEquals($left, $right) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($left)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($left) . ' given.'); } if (!is_string($right)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($right) . ' given.'); } if (is_callable('hash_equals')) { return hash_equals($left, $right); } $d = 0; /** @var int $len */ $len = self::strlen($left); if ($len !== self::strlen($right)) { return false; } for ($i = 0; $i < $len; ++$i) { $d |= self::chrToInt($left[$i]) ^ self::chrToInt($right[$i]); } if ($d !== 0) { return false; } return $left === $right; } /** * Catch hash_update() failures and throw instead of silently proceeding * * @param HashContext|resource &$hs * @param string $data * @return void * @throws SodiumException * @psalm-suppress PossiblyInvalidArgument */ protected static function hash_update(&$hs, $data) { if (!hash_update($hs, $data)) { throw new SodiumException('hash_update() failed'); } } /** * Convert a hexadecimal string into a binary string without cache-timing * leaks * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $hexString * @param string $ignore * @param bool $strictPadding * @return string (raw binary) * @throws RangeException * @throws TypeError */ public static function hex2bin($hexString, $ignore = '', $strictPadding = false) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($hexString)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($hexString) . ' given.'); } if (!is_string($ignore)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string, ' . gettype($hexString) . ' given.'); } $hex_pos = 0; $bin = ''; $c_acc = 0; $hex_len = self::strlen($hexString); $state = 0; if (($hex_len & 1) !== 0) { if ($strictPadding) { throw new RangeException( 'Expected an even number of hexadecimal characters' ); } else { $hexString = '0' . $hexString; ++$hex_len; } } $chunk = unpack('C*', $hexString); while ($hex_pos < $hex_len) { ++$hex_pos; /** @var int $c */ $c = $chunk[$hex_pos]; $c_num = $c ^ 48; $c_num0 = ($c_num - 10) >> 8; $c_alpha = ($c & ~32) - 55; $c_alpha0 = (($c_alpha - 10) ^ ($c_alpha - 16)) >> 8; if (($c_num0 | $c_alpha0) === 0) { if ($ignore && $state === 0 && strpos($ignore, self::intToChr($c)) !== false) { continue; } throw new RangeException( 'hex2bin() only expects hexadecimal characters' ); } $c_val = ($c_num0 & $c_num) | ($c_alpha & $c_alpha0); if ($state === 0) { $c_acc = $c_val * 16; } else { $bin .= pack('C', $c_acc | $c_val); } $state ^= 1; } return $bin; } /** * Turn an array of integers into a string * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param array<int, int> $ints * @return string */ public static function intArrayToString(array $ints) { $args = $ints; foreach ($args as $i => $v) { $args[$i] = (int) ($v & 0xff); } array_unshift($args, str_repeat('C', count($ints))); return (string) (call_user_func_array('pack', $args)); } /** * Cache-timing-safe variant of ord() * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $int * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function intToChr($int) { return pack('C', $int); } /** * Load a 3 character substring into an integer * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $string * @return int * @throws RangeException * @throws TypeError */ public static function load_3($string) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($string)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($string) . ' given.'); } /* Input validation: */ if (self::strlen($string) < 3) { throw new RangeException( 'String must be 3 bytes or more; ' . self::strlen($string) . ' given.' ); } /** @var array<int, int> $unpacked */ $unpacked = unpack('V', $string . "\0"); return (int) ($unpacked[1] & 0xffffff); } /** * Load a 4 character substring into an integer * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $string * @return int * @throws RangeException * @throws TypeError */ public static function load_4($string) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($string)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($string) . ' given.'); } /* Input validation: */ if (self::strlen($string) < 4) { throw new RangeException( 'String must be 4 bytes or more; ' . self::strlen($string) . ' given.' ); } /** @var array<int, int> $unpacked */ $unpacked = unpack('V', $string); return (int) $unpacked[1]; } /** * Load a 8 character substring into an integer * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $string * @return int * @throws RangeException * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function load64_le($string) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($string)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string, ' . gettype($string) . ' given.'); } /* Input validation: */ if (self::strlen($string) < 4) { throw new RangeException( 'String must be 4 bytes or more; ' . self::strlen($string) . ' given.' ); } if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50603 && PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) { /** @var array<int, int> $unpacked */ $unpacked = unpack('P', $string); return (int) $unpacked[1]; } /** @var int $result */ $result = (self::chrToInt($string[0]) & 0xff); $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[1]) & 0xff) << 8; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[2]) & 0xff) << 16; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[3]) & 0xff) << 24; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[4]) & 0xff) << 32; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[5]) & 0xff) << 40; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[6]) & 0xff) << 48; $result |= (self::chrToInt($string[7]) & 0xff) << 56; return (int) $result; } /** * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $left * @param string $right * @return int * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function memcmp($left, $right) { if (self::hashEquals($left, $right)) { return 0; } return -1; } /** * Multiply two integers in constant-time * * Micro-architecture timing side-channels caused by how your CPU * implements multiplication are best prevented by never using the * multiplication operators and ensuring that our code always takes * the same number of operations to complete, regardless of the values * of $a and $b. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $a * @param int $b * @param int $size Limits the number of operations (useful for small, * constant operands) * @return int */ public static function mul($a, $b, $size = 0) { if (ParagonIE_Sodium_Compat::$fastMult) { return (int) ($a * $b); } static $defaultSize = null; /** @var int $defaultSize */ if (!$defaultSize) { /** @var int $defaultSize */ $defaultSize = (PHP_INT_SIZE << 3) - 1; } if ($size < 1) { /** @var int $size */ $size = $defaultSize; } /** @var int $size */ $c = 0; /** * Mask is either -1 or 0. * * -1 in binary looks like 0x1111 ... 1111 * 0 in binary looks like 0x0000 ... 0000 * * @var int */ $mask = -(($b >> ((int) $defaultSize)) & 1); /** * Ensure $b is a positive integer, without creating * a branching side-channel * * @var int $b */ $b = ($b & ~$mask) | ($mask & -$b); /** * Unless $size is provided: * * This loop always runs 32 times when PHP_INT_SIZE is 4. * This loop always runs 64 times when PHP_INT_SIZE is 8. */ for ($i = $size; $i >= 0; --$i) { $c += (int) ($a & -($b & 1)); $a <<= 1; $b >>= 1; } $c = (int) @($c & -1); /** * If $b was negative, we then apply the same value to $c here. * It doesn't matter much if $a was negative; the $c += above would * have produced a negative integer to begin with. But a negative $b * makes $b >>= 1 never return 0, so we would end up with incorrect * results. * * The end result is what we'd expect from integer multiplication. */ return (int) (($c & ~$mask) | ($mask & -$c)); } /** * Convert any arbitrary numbers into two 32-bit integers that represent * a 64-bit integer. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int|float $num * @return array<int, int> */ public static function numericTo64BitInteger($num) { $high = 0; /** @var int $low */ if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 4) { $low = (int) $num; } else { $low = $num & 0xffffffff; } if ((+(abs($num))) >= 1) { if ($num > 0) { /** @var int $high */ $high = min((+(floor($num/4294967296))), 4294967295); } else { /** @var int $high */ $high = ~~((+(ceil(($num - (+((~~($num)))))/4294967296)))); } } return array((int) $high, (int) $low); } /** * Store a 24-bit integer into a string, treating it as big-endian. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $int * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function store_3($int) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_int($int)) { if (is_numeric($int)) { $int = (int) $int; } else { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be an integer, ' . gettype($int) . ' given.'); } } /** @var string $packed */ $packed = pack('N', $int); return self::substr($packed, 1, 3); } /** * Store a 32-bit integer into a string, treating it as little-endian. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $int * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function store32_le($int) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_int($int)) { if (is_numeric($int)) { $int = (int) $int; } else { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be an integer, ' . gettype($int) . ' given.'); } } /** @var string $packed */ $packed = pack('V', $int); return $packed; } /** * Store a 32-bit integer into a string, treating it as big-endian. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $int * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function store_4($int) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_int($int)) { if (is_numeric($int)) { $int = (int) $int; } else { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be an integer, ' . gettype($int) . ' given.'); } } /** @var string $packed */ $packed = pack('N', $int); return $packed; } /** * Stores a 64-bit integer as an string, treating it as little-endian. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param int $int * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function store64_le($int) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_int($int)) { if (is_numeric($int)) { $int = (int) $int; } else { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be an integer, ' . gettype($int) . ' given.'); } } if (PHP_INT_SIZE === 8) { if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50603) { /** @var string $packed */ $packed = pack('P', $int); return $packed; } return self::intToChr($int & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 8) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 16) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 24) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 32) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 40) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 48) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 56) & 0xff); } if ($int > PHP_INT_MAX) { list($hiB, $int) = self::numericTo64BitInteger($int); } else { $hiB = 0; } return self::intToChr(($int ) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 8) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 16) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($int >> 24) & 0xff) . self::intToChr($hiB & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($hiB >> 8) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($hiB >> 16) & 0xff) . self::intToChr(($hiB >> 24) & 0xff); } /** * Safe string length * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @ref mbstring.func_overload * * @param string $str * @return int * @throws TypeError */ public static function strlen($str) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($str)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } return (int) ( self::isMbStringOverride() ? mb_strlen($str, '8bit') : strlen($str) ); } /** * Turn a string into an array of integers * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $string * @return array<int, int> * @throws TypeError */ public static function stringToIntArray($string) { if (!is_string($string)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } /** * @var array<int, int> */ $values = array_values( unpack('C*', $string) ); return $values; } /** * Safe substring * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @ref mbstring.func_overload * * @param string $str * @param int $start * @param int $length * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function substr($str, $start = 0, $length = null) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($str)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } if ($length === 0) { return ''; } if (self::isMbStringOverride()) { if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 50400 && $length === null) { $length = self::strlen($str); } $sub = (string) mb_substr($str, $start, $length, '8bit'); } elseif ($length === null) { $sub = (string) substr($str, $start); } else { $sub = (string) substr($str, $start, $length); } if ($sub !== '') { return $sub; } return ''; } /** * Compare a 16-character byte string in constant time. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $a * @param string $b * @return bool * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function verify_16($a, $b) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($a)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } if (!is_string($b)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } return self::hashEquals( self::substr($a, 0, 16), self::substr($b, 0, 16) ); } /** * Compare a 32-character byte string in constant time. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $a * @param string $b * @return bool * @throws SodiumException * @throws TypeError */ public static function verify_32($a, $b) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($a)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } if (!is_string($b)) { throw new TypeError('String expected'); } return self::hashEquals( self::substr($a, 0, 32), self::substr($b, 0, 32) ); } /** * Calculate $a ^ $b for two strings. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * @param string $a * @param string $b * @return string * @throws TypeError */ public static function xorStrings($a, $b) { /* Type checks: */ if (!is_string($a)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 1 must be a string'); } if (!is_string($b)) { throw new TypeError('Argument 2 must be a string'); } return (string) ($a ^ $b); } /** * Returns whether or not mbstring.func_overload is in effect. * * @internal You should not use this directly from another application * * Note: MB_OVERLOAD_STRING === 2, but we don't reference the constant * (for nuisance-free PHP 8 support) * * @return bool */ protected static function isMbStringOverride() { static $mbstring = null; if ($mbstring === null) { if (!defined('MB_OVERLOAD_STRING')) { $mbstring = false; return $mbstring; } $mbstring = extension_loaded('mbstring') && defined('MB_OVERLOAD_STRING') && ((int) (ini_get('mbstring.func_overload')) & 2); // MB_OVERLOAD_STRING === 2 } /** @var bool $mbstring */ return $mbstring; } }

خطوة

المصانع تستغني عن ايديها العاملة

مايو 20, 2025

4٬511 دقيقة واحدة

كتبت مريم سمير

بدأت المصانع ان تستخدم طفرة في عالم الذكاء الاصطناعي ” الروبوتس” ، من الممكن ان يحدث سرعة في الإنتاج لكن هل يمكن الاستغناء عن البشر ؟

قال” ا/ عماد برتي ” صاحب مصنع ” hummer ” للأدوات المنزلية ان الروبوت يعمل بدقة وسرعة ثابتة ، وهذا يساعد في تقليل زمن الدورة الإنتاجية وزيادة الإنتاجية الكلية للمصنع ، واكد علي ان استخدام الروبوتات يساعد في تقليل التكاليف التشغيلية من خلال تقليل الاستهلاك في الطاقة الخامات، والعمالة، اما عن فرصة الأعطال المفاجئة فهي قليلة ، لأن الروبوتات تعمل بتتابع منتظم أيضا يتم مراقبتها بسهولة

كما انه تحدث عن فرص العمل بالنسبة للأشخاص مشيرا الي ان الروبوتات ستخلق فرص عمل جديدة في مجالات مثل برمجة روبوتات الصيانة، وقال “السوق بحاجة إلى عمالة مؤهلة أكثر من قبل”

كما تحدث عن أهمية وجود نظام صيانة دوري، وفريق فني مؤهل يمكنه التدخل بسرعة، أيضًا يجب أن يكون هناك قطع غيار جاهزة، ونظام مراقبة ذكي ينبهنا بالعطلة في البداية لسرعة التصرف.

كما ذكر أن هناك تحديات مثل

ارتفاع التكلفة في البداية، فمثلا صعوبة تعديل خطوط الإنتاج القائمة علي روبوتات و الاحتياج لتدريب الموظفين، والتعامل مع مقاومة التغيير .

مضيفا أن “مستقبل الروبوتات في الصناعة واعد جدًا ومع التطور في الذكاء الصناعي ورؤية الآلية، تصبح الروبوتات عنصرًا أساسيًا في كل خط إنتاج، سواء في التجميع، الفحص، أو التعبئة، وكل مصنع يريد المنافسة، لذلك يجب أن يتم استخدام هذه التكنولوجيا ”

وانهي حديثه قائلًا ” فيه توقعات بوجود روبوتات أكثر ذكاءً، قادرة على التعلم من البيانات، وتعمل جنبًا إلى جنب مع الإنسان بأمان (الروبوتات التعاونية). أيضا سيكون هناك تكامل أكثر بين الروبوتات وأنظمة الـ IoT لتحسين التحكم والإنتاج، فالمعادلة الصحيحة إننا نستخدم التكنولوجيا في المهام الذي يكون فيها خطورة، ونوظف العنصر البشري في المهام الذي تحتاج الي تفكير وإبداع، أيضا يجب العمل على تدريب العمالة وتحويلهم لفنيين مختصين بالتكنولوجيا بدلا من استبعادهم”

مايو 20, 2025

4٬511 دقيقة واحدة