<?php
/**
* cURL HTTP transport
*
* @package Requests\Transport
*/
namespace WpOrg\Requests\Transport;
use RecursiveArrayIterator;
use RecursiveIteratorIterator;
use WpOrg\Requests\Capability;
use WpOrg\Requests\Exception;
use WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument;
use WpOrg\Requests\Exception\Transport\Curl as CurlException;
use WpOrg\Requests\Requests;
use WpOrg\Requests\Transport;
use WpOrg\Requests\Utility\InputValidator;
/**
* cURL HTTP transport
*
* @package Requests\Transport
*/
final class Curl implements Transport {
const CURL_7_10_5 = 0x070A05;
const CURL_7_16_2 = 0x071002;
/**
* Raw HTTP data
*
* @var string
*/
public $headers = '';
/**
* Raw body data
*
* @var string
*/
public $response_data = '';
/**
* Information on the current request
*
* @var array cURL information array, see {@link https://www.php.net/curl_getinfo}
*/
public $info;
/**
* cURL version number
*
* @var int
*/
public $version;
/**
* cURL handle
*
* @var resource|\CurlHandle Resource in PHP < 8.0, Instance of CurlHandle in PHP >= 8.0.
*/
private $handle;
/**
* Hook dispatcher instance
*
* @var \WpOrg\Requests\Hooks
*/
private $hooks;
/**
* Have we finished the headers yet?
*
* @var boolean
*/
private $done_headers = false;
/**
* If streaming to a file, keep the file pointer
*
* @var resource
*/
private $stream_handle;
/**
* How many bytes are in the response body?
*
* @var int
*/
private $response_bytes;
/**
* What's the maximum number of bytes we should keep?
*
* @var int|bool Byte count, or false if no limit.
*/
private $response_byte_limit;
/**
* Constructor
*/
public function __construct() {
$curl = curl_version();
$this->version = $curl['version_number'];
$this->handle = curl_init();
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
if ($this->version >= self::CURL_7_10_5) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_ENCODING, '');
}
if (defined('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS')) {
// phpcs:ignore PHPCompatibility.Constants.NewConstants.curlopt_protocolsFound
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
}
if (defined('CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS')) {
// phpcs:ignore PHPCompatibility.Constants.NewConstants.curlopt_redir_protocolsFound
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
}
}
/**
* Destructor
*/
public function __destruct() {
if (is_resource($this->handle)) {
curl_close($this->handle);
}
}
/**
* Perform a request
*
* @param string|Stringable $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Requests::response()} for documentation
* @return string Raw HTTP result
*
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $url argument is not a string or Stringable.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $headers argument is not an array.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $data parameter is not an array or string.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $options argument is not an array.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception On a cURL error (`curlerror`)
*/
public function request($url, $headers = [], $data = [], $options = []) {
if (InputValidator::is_string_or_stringable($url) === false) {
throw InvalidArgument::create(1, '$url', 'string|Stringable', gettype($url));
}
if (is_array($headers) === false) {
throw InvalidArgument::create(2, '$headers', 'array', gettype($headers));
}
if (!is_array($data) && !is_string($data)) {
if ($data === null) {
$data = '';
} else {
throw InvalidArgument::create(3, '$data', 'array|string', gettype($data));
}
}
if (is_array($options) === false) {
throw InvalidArgument::create(4, '$options', 'array', gettype($options));
}
$this->hooks = $options['hooks'];
$this->setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_send', [&$this->handle]);
if ($options['filename'] !== false) {
// phpcs:ignore WordPress.PHP.NoSilencedErrors -- Silenced the PHP native warning in favour of throwing an exception.
$this->stream_handle = @fopen($options['filename'], 'wb');
if ($this->stream_handle === false) {
$error = error_get_last();
throw new Exception($error['message'], 'fopen');
}
}
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
$this->response_byte_limit = false;
if ($options['max_bytes'] !== false) {
$this->response_byte_limit = $options['max_bytes'];
}
if (isset($options['verify'])) {
if ($options['verify'] === false) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
} elseif (is_string($options['verify'])) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CAINFO, $options['verify']);
}
}
if (isset($options['verifyname']) && $options['verifyname'] === false) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
}
curl_exec($this->handle);
$response = $this->response_data;
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_send', []);
if (curl_errno($this->handle) === CURLE_WRITE_ERROR || curl_errno($this->handle) === CURLE_BAD_CONTENT_ENCODING) {
// Reset encoding and try again
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'none');
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
curl_exec($this->handle);
$response = $this->response_data;
}
$this->process_response($response, $options);
// Need to remove the $this reference from the curl handle.
// Otherwise \WpOrg\Requests\Transport\Curl won't be garbage collected and the curl_close() will never be called.
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, null);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, null);
return $this->headers;
}
/**
* Send multiple requests simultaneously
*
* @param array $requests Request data
* @param array $options Global options
* @return array Array of \WpOrg\Requests\Response objects (may contain \WpOrg\Requests\Exception or string responses as well)
*
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $requests argument is not an array or iterable object with array access.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $options argument is not an array.
*/
public function request_multiple($requests, $options) {
// If you're not requesting, we can't get any responses ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
if (empty($requests)) {
return [];
}
if (InputValidator::has_array_access($requests) === false || InputValidator::is_iterable($requests) === false) {
throw InvalidArgument::create(1, '$requests', 'array|ArrayAccess&Traversable', gettype($requests));
}
if (is_array($options) === false) {
throw InvalidArgument::create(2, '$options', 'array', gettype($options));
}
$multihandle = curl_multi_init();
$subrequests = [];
$subhandles = [];
$class = get_class($this);
foreach ($requests as $id => $request) {
$subrequests[$id] = new $class();
$subhandles[$id] = $subrequests[$id]->get_subrequest_handle($request['url'], $request['headers'], $request['data'], $request['options']);
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_multi_add', [&$subhandles[$id]]);
curl_multi_add_handle($multihandle, $subhandles[$id]);
}
$completed = 0;
$responses = [];
$subrequestcount = count($subrequests);
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_multi_exec', [&$multihandle]);
do {
$active = 0;
do {
$status = curl_multi_exec($multihandle, $active);
} while ($status === CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
$to_process = [];
// Read the information as needed
while ($done = curl_multi_info_read($multihandle)) {
$key = array_search($done['handle'], $subhandles, true);
if (!isset($to_process[$key])) {
$to_process[$key] = $done;
}
}
// Parse the finished requests before we start getting the new ones
foreach ($to_process as $key => $done) {
$options = $requests[$key]['options'];
if ($done['result'] !== CURLE_OK) {
//get error string for handle.
$reason = curl_error($done['handle']);
$exception = new CurlException(
$reason,
CurlException::EASY,
$done['handle'],
$done['result']
);
$responses[$key] = $exception;
$options['hooks']->dispatch('transport.internal.parse_error', [&$responses[$key], $requests[$key]]);
} else {
$responses[$key] = $subrequests[$key]->process_response($subrequests[$key]->response_data, $options);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('transport.internal.parse_response', [&$responses[$key], $requests[$key]]);
}
curl_multi_remove_handle($multihandle, $done['handle']);
curl_close($done['handle']);
if (!is_string($responses[$key])) {
$options['hooks']->dispatch('multiple.request.complete', [&$responses[$key], $key]);
}
$completed++;
}
} while ($active || $completed < $subrequestcount);
$request['options']['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_multi_exec', [&$multihandle]);
curl_multi_close($multihandle);
return $responses;
}
/**
* Get the cURL handle for use in a multi-request
*
* @param string $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Requests::response()} for documentation
* @return resource|\CurlHandle Subrequest's cURL handle
*/
public function &get_subrequest_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options) {
$this->setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options);
if ($options['filename'] !== false) {
$this->stream_handle = fopen($options['filename'], 'wb');
}
$this->response_data = '';
$this->response_bytes = 0;
$this->response_byte_limit = false;
if ($options['max_bytes'] !== false) {
$this->response_byte_limit = $options['max_bytes'];
}
$this->hooks = $options['hooks'];
return $this->handle;
}
/**
* Setup the cURL handle for the given data
*
* @param string $url URL to request
* @param array $headers Associative array of request headers
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD
* @param array $options Request options, see {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Requests::response()} for documentation
*/
private function setup_handle($url, $headers, $data, $options) {
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.before_request', [&$this->handle]);
// Force closing the connection for old versions of cURL (<7.22).
if (!isset($headers['Connection'])) {
$headers['Connection'] = 'close';
}
/**
* Add "Expect" header.
*
* By default, cURL adds a "Expect: 100-Continue" to most requests. This header can
* add as much as a second to the time it takes for cURL to perform a request. To
* prevent this, we need to set an empty "Expect" header. To match the behaviour of
* Guzzle, we'll add the empty header to requests that are smaller than 1 MB and use
* HTTP/1.1.
*
* https://curl.se/mail/lib-2017-07/0013.html
*/
if (!isset($headers['Expect']) && $options['protocol_version'] === 1.1) {
$headers['Expect'] = $this->get_expect_header($data);
}
$headers = Requests::flatten($headers);
if (!empty($data)) {
$data_format = $options['data_format'];
if ($data_format === 'query') {
$url = self::format_get($url, $data);
$data = '';
} elseif (!is_string($data)) {
$data = http_build_query($data, '', '&');
}
}
switch ($options['type']) {
case Requests::POST:
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
break;
case Requests::HEAD:
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
break;
case Requests::TRACE:
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
break;
case Requests::PATCH:
case Requests::PUT:
case Requests::DELETE:
case Requests::OPTIONS:
default:
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $options['type']);
if (!empty($data)) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
}
}
// cURL requires a minimum timeout of 1 second when using the system
// DNS resolver, as it uses `alarm()`, which is second resolution only.
// There's no way to detect which DNS resolver is being used from our
// end, so we need to round up regardless of the supplied timeout.
//
// https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/4f45240bc84a9aa648c8f7243be7b79e9f9323a5/lib/hostip.c#L606-L609
$timeout = max($options['timeout'], 1);
if (is_int($timeout) || $this->version < self::CURL_7_16_2) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, ceil($timeout));
} else {
// phpcs:ignore PHPCompatibility.Constants.NewConstants.curlopt_timeout_msFound
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, round($timeout * 1000));
}
if (is_int($options['connect_timeout']) || $this->version < self::CURL_7_16_2) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, ceil($options['connect_timeout']));
} else {
// phpcs:ignore PHPCompatibility.Constants.NewConstants.curlopt_connecttimeout_msFound
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS, round($options['connect_timeout'] * 1000));
}
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $options['useragent']);
if (!empty($headers)) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
}
if ($options['protocol_version'] === 1.1) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
} else {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0);
}
if ($options['blocking'] === true) {
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, [$this, 'stream_headers']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, [$this, 'stream_body']);
curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE, Requests::BUFFER_SIZE);
}
}
/**
* Process a response
*
* @param string $response Response data from the body
* @param array $options Request options
* @return string|false HTTP response data including headers. False if non-blocking.
* @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception If the request resulted in a cURL error.
*/
public function process_response($response, $options) {
if ($options['blocking'] === false) {
$fake_headers = '';
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_request', [&$fake_headers]);
return false;
}
if ($options['filename'] !== false && $this->stream_handle) {
fclose($this->stream_handle);
$this->headers = trim($this->headers);
} else {
$this->headers .= $response;
}
if (curl_errno($this->handle)) {
$error = sprintf(
'cURL error %s: %s',
curl_errno($this->handle),
curl_error($this->handle)
);
throw new Exception($error, 'curlerror', $this->handle);
}
$this->info = curl_getinfo($this->handle);
$options['hooks']->dispatch('curl.after_request', [&$this->headers, &$this->info]);
return $this->headers;
}
/**
* Collect the headers as they are received
*
* @param resource|\CurlHandle $handle cURL handle
* @param string $headers Header string
* @return integer Length of provided header
*/
public function stream_headers($handle, $headers) {
// Why do we do this? cURL will send both the final response and any
// interim responses, such as a 100 Continue. We don't need that.
// (We may want to keep this somewhere just in case)
if ($this->done_headers) {
$this->headers = '';
$this->done_headers = false;
}
$this->headers .= $headers;
if ($headers === "\r\n") {
$this->done_headers = true;
}
return strlen($headers);
}
/**
* Collect data as it's received
*
* @since 1.6.1
*
* @param resource|\CurlHandle $handle cURL handle
* @param string $data Body data
* @return integer Length of provided data
*/
public function stream_body($handle, $data) {
$this->hooks->dispatch('request.progress', [$data, $this->response_bytes, $this->response_byte_limit]);
$data_length = strlen($data);
// Are we limiting the response size?
if ($this->response_byte_limit) {
if ($this->response_bytes === $this->response_byte_limit) {
// Already at maximum, move on
return $data_length;
}
if (($this->response_bytes + $data_length) > $this->response_byte_limit) {
// Limit the length
$limited_length = ($this->response_byte_limit - $this->response_bytes);
$data = substr($data, 0, $limited_length);
}
}
if ($this->stream_handle) {
fwrite($this->stream_handle, $data);
} else {
$this->response_data .= $data;
}
$this->response_bytes += strlen($data);
return $data_length;
}
/**
* Format a URL given GET data
*
* @param string $url Original URL.
* @param array|object $data Data to build query using, see {@link https://www.php.net/http_build_query}
* @return string URL with data
*/
private static function format_get($url, $data) {
if (!empty($data)) {
$query = '';
$url_parts = parse_url($url);
if (empty($url_parts['query'])) {
$url_parts['query'] = '';
} else {
$query = $url_parts['query'];
}
$query .= '&' . http_build_query($data, '', '&');
$query = trim($query, '&');
if (empty($url_parts['query'])) {
$url .= '?' . $query;
} else {
$url = str_replace($url_parts['query'], $query, $url);
}
}
return $url;
}
/**
* Self-test whether the transport can be used.
*
* The available capabilities to test for can be found in {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Capability}.
*
* @codeCoverageIgnore
* @param array<string, bool> $capabilities Optional. Associative array of capabilities to test against, i.e. `['<capability>' => true]`.
* @return bool Whether the transport can be used.
*/
public static function test($capabilities = []) {
if (!function_exists('curl_init') || !function_exists('curl_exec')) {
return false;
}
// If needed, check that our installed curl version supports SSL
if (isset($capabilities[Capability::SSL]) && $capabilities[Capability::SSL]) {
$curl_version = curl_version();
if (!(CURL_VERSION_SSL & $curl_version['features'])) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Get the correct "Expect" header for the given request data.
*
* @param string|array $data Data to send either as the POST body, or as parameters in the URL for a GET/HEAD.
* @return string The "Expect" header.
*/
private function get_expect_header($data) {
if (!is_array($data)) {
return strlen((string) $data) >= 1048576 ? '100-Continue' : '';
}
$bytesize = 0;
$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveArrayIterator($data));
foreach ($iterator as $datum) {
$bytesize += strlen((string) $datum);
if ($bytesize >= 1048576) {
return '100-Continue';
}
}
return '';
}
}
بدأت المصانع ان تستخدم طفرة في عالم الذكاء الاصطناعي ” الروبوتس” ، من الممكن ان يحدث سرعة في الإنتاج لكن هل يمكن الاستغناء عن البشر ؟
قال” ا/ عماد برتي ” صاحب مصنع ” hummer ” للأدوات المنزلية ان الروبوت يعمل بدقة وسرعة ثابتة ، وهذا يساعد في تقليل زمن الدورة الإنتاجية وزيادة الإنتاجية الكلية للمصنع ، واكد علي ان استخدام الروبوتات يساعد في تقليل التكاليف التشغيلية من خلال تقليل الاستهلاك في الطاقة الخامات، والعمالة، اما عن فرصة الأعطال المفاجئة فهي قليلة ، لأن الروبوتات تعمل بتتابع منتظم أيضا يتم مراقبتها بسهولة
كما انه تحدث عن فرص العمل بالنسبة للأشخاص مشيرا الي ان الروبوتات ستخلق فرص عمل جديدة في مجالات مثل برمجة روبوتات الصيانة، وقال “السوق بحاجة إلى عمالة مؤهلة أكثر من قبل”
كما تحدث عن أهمية وجود نظام صيانة دوري، وفريق فني مؤهل يمكنه التدخل بسرعة، أيضًا يجب أن يكون هناك قطع غيار جاهزة، ونظام مراقبة ذكي ينبهنا بالعطلة في البداية لسرعة التصرف.
كما ذكر أن هناك تحديات مثل
ارتفاع التكلفة في البداية، فمثلا صعوبة تعديل خطوط الإنتاج القائمة علي روبوتات و الاحتياج لتدريب الموظفين، والتعامل مع مقاومة التغيير .
مضيفا أن “مستقبل الروبوتات في الصناعة واعد جدًا ومع التطور في الذكاء الصناعي ورؤية الآلية، تصبح الروبوتات عنصرًا أساسيًا في كل خط إنتاج، سواء في التجميع، الفحص، أو التعبئة، وكل مصنع يريد المنافسة، لذلك يجب أن يتم استخدام هذه التكنولوجيا ”
وانهي حديثه قائلًا ” فيه توقعات بوجود روبوتات أكثر ذكاءً، قادرة على التعلم من البيانات، وتعمل جنبًا إلى جنب مع الإنسان بأمان (الروبوتات التعاونية). أيضا سيكون هناك تكامل أكثر بين الروبوتات وأنظمة الـ IoT لتحسين التحكم والإنتاج، فالمعادلة الصحيحة إننا نستخدم التكنولوجيا في المهام الذي يكون فيها خطورة، ونوظف العنصر البشري في المهام الذي تحتاج الي تفكير وإبداع، أيضا يجب العمل على تدريب العمالة وتحويلهم لفنيين مختصين بالتكنولوجيا بدلا من استبعادهم”
