<?php /** * IRI parser/serialiser/normaliser * * @package Requests\Utilities */ namespace WpOrg\Requests; use WpOrg\Requests\Exception; use WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument; use WpOrg\Requests\Ipv6; use WpOrg\Requests\Port; use WpOrg\Requests\Utility\InputValidator; /** * IRI parser/serialiser/normaliser * * Copyright (c) 2007-2010, Geoffrey Sneddon and Steve Minutillo. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * * Neither the name of the SimplePie Team nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * @package Requests\Utilities * @author Geoffrey Sneddon * @author Steve Minutillo * @copyright 2007-2009 Geoffrey Sneddon and Steve Minutillo * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php * @link http://hg.gsnedders.com/iri/ * * @property string $iri IRI we're working with * @property-read string $uri IRI in URI form, {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Iri::to_uri()} * @property string $scheme Scheme part of the IRI * @property string $authority Authority part, formatted for a URI (userinfo + host + port) * @property string $iauthority Authority part of the IRI (userinfo + host + port) * @property string $userinfo Userinfo part, formatted for a URI (after '://' and before '@') * @property string $iuserinfo Userinfo part of the IRI (after '://' and before '@') * @property string $host Host part, formatted for a URI * @property string $ihost Host part of the IRI * @property string $port Port part of the IRI (after ':') * @property string $path Path part, formatted for a URI (after first '/') * @property string $ipath Path part of the IRI (after first '/') * @property string $query Query part, formatted for a URI (after '?') * @property string $iquery Query part of the IRI (after '?') * @property string $fragment Fragment, formatted for a URI (after '#') * @property string $ifragment Fragment part of the IRI (after '#') */ class Iri { /** * Scheme * * @var string|null */ protected $scheme = null; /** * User Information * * @var string|null */ protected $iuserinfo = null; /** * ihost * * @var string|null */ protected $ihost = null; /** * Port * * @var string|null */ protected $port = null; /** * ipath * * @var string */ protected $ipath = ''; /** * iquery * * @var string|null */ protected $iquery = null; /** * ifragment|null * * @var string */ protected $ifragment = null; /** * Normalization database * * Each key is the scheme, each value is an array with each key as the IRI * part and value as the default value for that part. * * @var array */ protected $normalization = array( 'acap' => array( 'port' => Port::ACAP, ), 'dict' => array( 'port' => Port::DICT, ), 'file' => array( 'ihost' => 'localhost', ), 'http' => array( 'port' => Port::HTTP, ), 'https' => array( 'port' => Port::HTTPS, ), ); /** * Return the entire IRI when you try and read the object as a string * * @return string */ public function __toString() { return $this->get_iri(); } /** * Overload __set() to provide access via properties * * @param string $name Property name * @param mixed $value Property value */ public function __set($name, $value) { if (method_exists($this, 'set_' . $name)) { call_user_func(array($this, 'set_' . $name), $value); } elseif ( $name === 'iauthority' || $name === 'iuserinfo' || $name === 'ihost' || $name === 'ipath' || $name === 'iquery' || $name === 'ifragment' ) { call_user_func(array($this, 'set_' . substr($name, 1)), $value); } } /** * Overload __get() to provide access via properties * * @param string $name Property name * @return mixed */ public function __get($name) { // isset() returns false for null, we don't want to do that // Also why we use array_key_exists below instead of isset() $props = get_object_vars($this); if ( $name === 'iri' || $name === 'uri' || $name === 'iauthority' || $name === 'authority' ) { $method = 'get_' . $name; $return = $this->$method(); } elseif (array_key_exists($name, $props)) { $return = $this->$name; } // host -> ihost elseif (($prop = 'i' . $name) && array_key_exists($prop, $props)) { $name = $prop; $return = $this->$prop; } // ischeme -> scheme elseif (($prop = substr($name, 1)) && array_key_exists($prop, $props)) { $name = $prop; $return = $this->$prop; } else { trigger_error('Undefined property: ' . get_class($this) . '::' . $name, E_USER_NOTICE); $return = null; } if ($return === null && isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme][$name])) { return $this->normalization[$this->scheme][$name]; } else { return $return; } } /** * Overload __isset() to provide access via properties * * @param string $name Property name * @return bool */ public function __isset($name) { return (method_exists($this, 'get_' . $name) || isset($this->$name)); } /** * Overload __unset() to provide access via properties * * @param string $name Property name */ public function __unset($name) { if (method_exists($this, 'set_' . $name)) { call_user_func(array($this, 'set_' . $name), ''); } } /** * Create a new IRI object, from a specified string * * @param string|Stringable|null $iri * * @throws \WpOrg\Requests\Exception\InvalidArgument When the passed $iri argument is not a string, Stringable or null. */ public function __construct($iri = null) { if ($iri !== null && InputValidator::is_string_or_stringable($iri) === false) { throw InvalidArgument::create(1, '$iri', 'string|Stringable|null', gettype($iri)); } $this->set_iri($iri); } /** * Create a new IRI object by resolving a relative IRI * * Returns false if $base is not absolute, otherwise an IRI. * * @param \WpOrg\Requests\Iri|string $base (Absolute) Base IRI * @param \WpOrg\Requests\Iri|string $relative Relative IRI * @return \WpOrg\Requests\Iri|false */ public static function absolutize($base, $relative) { if (!($relative instanceof self)) { $relative = new self($relative); } if (!$relative->is_valid()) { return false; } elseif ($relative->scheme !== null) { return clone $relative; } if (!($base instanceof self)) { $base = new self($base); } if ($base->scheme === null || !$base->is_valid()) { return false; } if ($relative->get_iri() !== '') { if ($relative->iuserinfo !== null || $relative->ihost !== null || $relative->port !== null) { $target = clone $relative; $target->scheme = $base->scheme; } else { $target = new self; $target->scheme = $base->scheme; $target->iuserinfo = $base->iuserinfo; $target->ihost = $base->ihost; $target->port = $base->port; if ($relative->ipath !== '') { if ($relative->ipath[0] === '/') { $target->ipath = $relative->ipath; } elseif (($base->iuserinfo !== null || $base->ihost !== null || $base->port !== null) && $base->ipath === '') { $target->ipath = '/' . $relative->ipath; } elseif (($last_segment = strrpos($base->ipath, '/')) !== false) { $target->ipath = substr($base->ipath, 0, $last_segment + 1) . $relative->ipath; } else { $target->ipath = $relative->ipath; } $target->ipath = $target->remove_dot_segments($target->ipath); $target->iquery = $relative->iquery; } else { $target->ipath = $base->ipath; if ($relative->iquery !== null) { $target->iquery = $relative->iquery; } elseif ($base->iquery !== null) { $target->iquery = $base->iquery; } } $target->ifragment = $relative->ifragment; } } else { $target = clone $base; $target->ifragment = null; } $target->scheme_normalization(); return $target; } /** * Parse an IRI into scheme/authority/path/query/fragment segments * * @param string $iri * @return array */ protected function parse_iri($iri) { $iri = trim($iri, "\x20\x09\x0A\x0C\x0D"); $has_match = preg_match('/^((?P<scheme>[^:\/?#]+):)?(\/\/(?P<authority>[^\/?#]*))?(?P<path>[^?#]*)(\?(?P<query>[^#]*))?(#(?P<fragment>.*))?$/', $iri, $match); if (!$has_match) { throw new Exception('Cannot parse supplied IRI', 'iri.cannot_parse', $iri); } if ($match[1] === '') { $match['scheme'] = null; } if (!isset($match[3]) || $match[3] === '') { $match['authority'] = null; } if (!isset($match[5])) { $match['path'] = ''; } if (!isset($match[6]) || $match[6] === '') { $match['query'] = null; } if (!isset($match[8]) || $match[8] === '') { $match['fragment'] = null; } return $match; } /** * Remove dot segments from a path * * @param string $input * @return string */ protected function remove_dot_segments($input) { $output = ''; while (strpos($input, './') !== false || strpos($input, '/.') !== false || $input === '.' || $input === '..') { // A: If the input buffer begins with a prefix of "../" or "./", // then remove that prefix from the input buffer; otherwise, if (strpos($input, '../') === 0) { $input = substr($input, 3); } elseif (strpos($input, './') === 0) { $input = substr($input, 2); } // B: if the input buffer begins with a prefix of "/./" or "/.", // where "." is a complete path segment, then replace that prefix // with "/" in the input buffer; otherwise, elseif (strpos($input, '/./') === 0) { $input = substr($input, 2); } elseif ($input === '/.') { $input = '/'; } // C: if the input buffer begins with a prefix of "/../" or "/..", // where ".." is a complete path segment, then replace that prefix // with "/" in the input buffer and remove the last segment and its // preceding "/" (if any) from the output buffer; otherwise, elseif (strpos($input, '/../') === 0) { $input = substr($input, 3); $output = substr_replace($output, '', (strrpos($output, '/') ?: 0)); } elseif ($input === '/..') { $input = '/'; $output = substr_replace($output, '', (strrpos($output, '/') ?: 0)); } // D: if the input buffer consists only of "." or "..", then remove // that from the input buffer; otherwise, elseif ($input === '.' || $input === '..') { $input = ''; } // E: move the first path segment in the input buffer to the end of // the output buffer, including the initial "/" character (if any) // and any subsequent characters up to, but not including, the next // "/" character or the end of the input buffer elseif (($pos = strpos($input, '/', 1)) !== false) { $output .= substr($input, 0, $pos); $input = substr_replace($input, '', 0, $pos); } else { $output .= $input; $input = ''; } } return $output . $input; } /** * Replace invalid character with percent encoding * * @param string $text Input string * @param string $extra_chars Valid characters not in iunreserved or * iprivate (this is ASCII-only) * @param bool $iprivate Allow iprivate * @return string */ protected function replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($text, $extra_chars, $iprivate = false) { // Normalize as many pct-encoded sections as possible $text = preg_replace_callback('/(?:%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})+/', array($this, 'remove_iunreserved_percent_encoded'), $text); // Replace invalid percent characters $text = preg_replace('/%(?![A-Fa-f0-9]{2})/', '%25', $text); // Add unreserved and % to $extra_chars (the latter is safe because all // pct-encoded sections are now valid). $extra_chars .= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~%'; // Now replace any bytes that aren't allowed with their pct-encoded versions $position = 0; $strlen = strlen($text); while (($position += strspn($text, $extra_chars, $position)) < $strlen) { $value = ord($text[$position]); // Start position $start = $position; // By default we are valid $valid = true; // No one byte sequences are valid due to the while. // Two byte sequence: if (($value & 0xE0) === 0xC0) { $character = ($value & 0x1F) << 6; $length = 2; $remaining = 1; } // Three byte sequence: elseif (($value & 0xF0) === 0xE0) { $character = ($value & 0x0F) << 12; $length = 3; $remaining = 2; } // Four byte sequence: elseif (($value & 0xF8) === 0xF0) { $character = ($value & 0x07) << 18; $length = 4; $remaining = 3; } // Invalid byte: else { $valid = false; $length = 1; $remaining = 0; } if ($remaining) { if ($position + $length <= $strlen) { for ($position++; $remaining; $position++) { $value = ord($text[$position]); // Check that the byte is valid, then add it to the character: if (($value & 0xC0) === 0x80) { $character |= ($value & 0x3F) << (--$remaining * 6); } // If it is invalid, count the sequence as invalid and reprocess the current byte: else { $valid = false; $position--; break; } } } else { $position = $strlen - 1; $valid = false; } } // Percent encode anything invalid or not in ucschar if ( // Invalid sequences !$valid // Non-shortest form sequences are invalid || $length > 1 && $character <= 0x7F || $length > 2 && $character <= 0x7FF || $length > 3 && $character <= 0xFFFF // Outside of range of ucschar codepoints // Noncharacters || ($character & 0xFFFE) === 0xFFFE || $character >= 0xFDD0 && $character <= 0xFDEF || ( // Everything else not in ucschar $character > 0xD7FF && $character < 0xF900 || $character < 0xA0 || $character > 0xEFFFD ) && ( // Everything not in iprivate, if it applies !$iprivate || $character < 0xE000 || $character > 0x10FFFD ) ) { // If we were a character, pretend we weren't, but rather an error. if ($valid) { $position--; } for ($j = $start; $j <= $position; $j++) { $text = substr_replace($text, sprintf('%%%02X', ord($text[$j])), $j, 1); $j += 2; $position += 2; $strlen += 2; } } } return $text; } /** * Callback function for preg_replace_callback. * * Removes sequences of percent encoded bytes that represent UTF-8 * encoded characters in iunreserved * * @param array $regex_match PCRE match * @return string Replacement */ protected function remove_iunreserved_percent_encoded($regex_match) { // As we just have valid percent encoded sequences we can just explode // and ignore the first member of the returned array (an empty string). $bytes = explode('%', $regex_match[0]); // Initialize the new string (this is what will be returned) and that // there are no bytes remaining in the current sequence (unsurprising // at the first byte!). $string = ''; $remaining = 0; // Loop over each and every byte, and set $value to its value for ($i = 1, $len = count($bytes); $i < $len; $i++) { $value = hexdec($bytes[$i]); // If we're the first byte of sequence: if (!$remaining) { // Start position $start = $i; // By default we are valid $valid = true; // One byte sequence: if ($value <= 0x7F) { $character = $value; $length = 1; } // Two byte sequence: elseif (($value & 0xE0) === 0xC0) { $character = ($value & 0x1F) << 6; $length = 2; $remaining = 1; } // Three byte sequence: elseif (($value & 0xF0) === 0xE0) { $character = ($value & 0x0F) << 12; $length = 3; $remaining = 2; } // Four byte sequence: elseif (($value & 0xF8) === 0xF0) { $character = ($value & 0x07) << 18; $length = 4; $remaining = 3; } // Invalid byte: else { $valid = false; $remaining = 0; } } // Continuation byte: else { // Check that the byte is valid, then add it to the character: if (($value & 0xC0) === 0x80) { $remaining--; $character |= ($value & 0x3F) << ($remaining * 6); } // If it is invalid, count the sequence as invalid and reprocess the current byte as the start of a sequence: else { $valid = false; $remaining = 0; $i--; } } // If we've reached the end of the current byte sequence, append it to Unicode::$data if (!$remaining) { // Percent encode anything invalid or not in iunreserved if ( // Invalid sequences !$valid // Non-shortest form sequences are invalid || $length > 1 && $character <= 0x7F || $length > 2 && $character <= 0x7FF || $length > 3 && $character <= 0xFFFF // Outside of range of iunreserved codepoints || $character < 0x2D || $character > 0xEFFFD // Noncharacters || ($character & 0xFFFE) === 0xFFFE || $character >= 0xFDD0 && $character <= 0xFDEF // Everything else not in iunreserved (this is all BMP) || $character === 0x2F || $character > 0x39 && $character < 0x41 || $character > 0x5A && $character < 0x61 || $character > 0x7A && $character < 0x7E || $character > 0x7E && $character < 0xA0 || $character > 0xD7FF && $character < 0xF900 ) { for ($j = $start; $j <= $i; $j++) { $string .= '%' . strtoupper($bytes[$j]); } } else { for ($j = $start; $j <= $i; $j++) { $string .= chr(hexdec($bytes[$j])); } } } } // If we have any bytes left over they are invalid (i.e., we are // mid-way through a multi-byte sequence) if ($remaining) { for ($j = $start; $j < $len; $j++) { $string .= '%' . strtoupper($bytes[$j]); } } return $string; } protected function scheme_normalization() { if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['iuserinfo']) && $this->iuserinfo === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['iuserinfo']) { $this->iuserinfo = null; } if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ihost']) && $this->ihost === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ihost']) { $this->ihost = null; } if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['port']) && $this->port === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['port']) { $this->port = null; } if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ipath']) && $this->ipath === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ipath']) { $this->ipath = ''; } if (isset($this->ihost) && empty($this->ipath)) { $this->ipath = '/'; } if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['iquery']) && $this->iquery === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['iquery']) { $this->iquery = null; } if (isset($this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ifragment']) && $this->ifragment === $this->normalization[$this->scheme]['ifragment']) { $this->ifragment = null; } } /** * Check if the object represents a valid IRI. This needs to be done on each * call as some things change depending on another part of the IRI. * * @return bool */ public function is_valid() { $isauthority = $this->iuserinfo !== null || $this->ihost !== null || $this->port !== null; if ($this->ipath !== '' && ( $isauthority && $this->ipath[0] !== '/' || ( $this->scheme === null && !$isauthority && strpos($this->ipath, ':') !== false && (strpos($this->ipath, '/') === false ? true : strpos($this->ipath, ':') < strpos($this->ipath, '/')) ) ) ) { return false; } return true; } public function __wakeup() { $class_props = get_class_vars( __CLASS__ ); $string_props = array( 'scheme', 'iuserinfo', 'ihost', 'port', 'ipath', 'iquery', 'ifragment' ); $array_props = array( 'normalization' ); foreach ( $class_props as $prop => $default_value ) { if ( in_array( $prop, $string_props, true ) && ! is_string( $this->$prop ) ) { throw new UnexpectedValueException(); } elseif ( in_array( $prop, $array_props, true ) && ! is_array( $this->$prop ) ) { throw new UnexpectedValueException(); } $this->$prop = null; } } /** * Set the entire IRI. Returns true on success, false on failure (if there * are any invalid characters). * * @param string $iri * @return bool */ protected function set_iri($iri) { static $cache; if (!$cache) { $cache = array(); } if ($iri === null) { return true; } $iri = (string) $iri; if (isset($cache[$iri])) { list($this->scheme, $this->iuserinfo, $this->ihost, $this->port, $this->ipath, $this->iquery, $this->ifragment, $return) = $cache[$iri]; return $return; } $parsed = $this->parse_iri($iri); $return = $this->set_scheme($parsed['scheme']) && $this->set_authority($parsed['authority']) && $this->set_path($parsed['path']) && $this->set_query($parsed['query']) && $this->set_fragment($parsed['fragment']); $cache[$iri] = array($this->scheme, $this->iuserinfo, $this->ihost, $this->port, $this->ipath, $this->iquery, $this->ifragment, $return); return $return; } /** * Set the scheme. Returns true on success, false on failure (if there are * any invalid characters). * * @param string $scheme * @return bool */ protected function set_scheme($scheme) { if ($scheme === null) { $this->scheme = null; } elseif (!preg_match('/^[A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z+\-.]*$/', $scheme)) { $this->scheme = null; return false; } else { $this->scheme = strtolower($scheme); } return true; } /** * Set the authority. Returns true on success, false on failure (if there are * any invalid characters). * * @param string $authority * @return bool */ protected function set_authority($authority) { static $cache; if (!$cache) { $cache = array(); } if ($authority === null) { $this->iuserinfo = null; $this->ihost = null; $this->port = null; return true; } if (isset($cache[$authority])) { list($this->iuserinfo, $this->ihost, $this->port, $return) = $cache[$authority]; return $return; } $remaining = $authority; if (($iuserinfo_end = strrpos($remaining, '@')) !== false) { $iuserinfo = substr($remaining, 0, $iuserinfo_end); $remaining = substr($remaining, $iuserinfo_end + 1); } else { $iuserinfo = null; } if (($port_start = strpos($remaining, ':', (strpos($remaining, ']') ?: 0))) !== false) { $port = substr($remaining, $port_start + 1); if ($port === false || $port === '') { $port = null; } $remaining = substr($remaining, 0, $port_start); } else { $port = null; } $return = $this->set_userinfo($iuserinfo) && $this->set_host($remaining) && $this->set_port($port); $cache[$authority] = array($this->iuserinfo, $this->ihost, $this->port, $return); return $return; } /** * Set the iuserinfo. * * @param string $iuserinfo * @return bool */ protected function set_userinfo($iuserinfo) { if ($iuserinfo === null) { $this->iuserinfo = null; } else { $this->iuserinfo = $this->replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($iuserinfo, '!$&\'()*+,;=:'); $this->scheme_normalization(); } return true; } /** * Set the ihost. Returns true on success, false on failure (if there are * any invalid characters). * * @param string $ihost * @return bool */ protected function set_host($ihost) { if ($ihost === null) { $this->ihost = null; return true; } if (substr($ihost, 0, 1) === '[' && substr($ihost, -1) === ']') { if (Ipv6::check_ipv6(substr($ihost, 1, -1))) { $this->ihost = '[' . Ipv6::compress(substr($ihost, 1, -1)) . ']'; } else { $this->ihost = null; return false; } } else { $ihost = $this->replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($ihost, '!$&\'()*+,;='); // Lowercase, but ignore pct-encoded sections (as they should // remain uppercase). This must be done after the previous step // as that can add unescaped characters. $position = 0; $strlen = strlen($ihost); while (($position += strcspn($ihost, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ%', $position)) < $strlen) { if ($ihost[$position] === '%') { $position += 3; } else { $ihost[$position] = strtolower($ihost[$position]); $position++; } } $this->ihost = $ihost; } $this->scheme_normalization(); return true; } /** * Set the port. Returns true on success, false on failure (if there are * any invalid characters). * * @param string $port * @return bool */ protected function set_port($port) { if ($port === null) { $this->port = null; return true; } if (strspn($port, '0123456789') === strlen($port)) { $this->port = (int) $port; $this->scheme_normalization(); return true; } $this->port = null; return false; } /** * Set the ipath. * * @param string $ipath * @return bool */ protected function set_path($ipath) { static $cache; if (!$cache) { $cache = array(); } $ipath = (string) $ipath; if (isset($cache[$ipath])) { $this->ipath = $cache[$ipath][(int) ($this->scheme !== null)]; } else { $valid = $this->replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($ipath, '!$&\'()*+,;=@:/'); $removed = $this->remove_dot_segments($valid); $cache[$ipath] = array($valid, $removed); $this->ipath = ($this->scheme !== null) ? $removed : $valid; } $this->scheme_normalization(); return true; } /** * Set the iquery. * * @param string $iquery * @return bool */ protected function set_query($iquery) { if ($iquery === null) { $this->iquery = null; } else { $this->iquery = $this->replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($iquery, '!$&\'()*+,;=:@/?', true); $this->scheme_normalization(); } return true; } /** * Set the ifragment. * * @param string $ifragment * @return bool */ protected function set_fragment($ifragment) { if ($ifragment === null) { $this->ifragment = null; } else { $this->ifragment = $this->replace_invalid_with_pct_encoding($ifragment, '!$&\'()*+,;=:@/?'); $this->scheme_normalization(); } return true; } /** * Convert an IRI to a URI (or parts thereof) * * @param string|bool $iri IRI to convert (or false from {@see \WpOrg\Requests\Iri::get_iri()}) * @return string|false URI if IRI is valid, false otherwise. */ protected function to_uri($iri) { if (!is_string($iri)) { return false; } static $non_ascii; if (!$non_ascii) { $non_ascii = implode('', range("\x80", "\xFF")); } $position = 0; $strlen = strlen($iri); while (($position += strcspn($iri, $non_ascii, $position)) < $strlen) { $iri = substr_replace($iri, sprintf('%%%02X', ord($iri[$position])), $position, 1); $position += 3; $strlen += 2; } return $iri; } /** * Get the complete IRI * * @return string|false */ protected function get_iri() { if (!$this->is_valid()) { return false; } $iri = ''; if ($this->scheme !== null) { $iri .= $this->scheme . ':'; } if (($iauthority = $this->get_iauthority()) !== null) { $iri .= '//' . $iauthority; } $iri .= $this->ipath; if ($this->iquery !== null) { $iri .= '?' . $this->iquery; } if ($this->ifragment !== null) { $iri .= '#' . $this->ifragment; } return $iri; } /** * Get the complete URI * * @return string */ protected function get_uri() { return $this->to_uri($this->get_iri()); } /** * Get the complete iauthority * * @return string|null */ protected function get_iauthority() { if ($this->iuserinfo === null && $this->ihost === null && $this->port === null) { return null; } $iauthority = ''; if ($this->iuserinfo !== null) { $iauthority .= $this->iuserinfo . '@'; } if ($this->ihost !== null) { $iauthority .= $this->ihost; } if ($this->port !== null) { $iauthority .= ':' . $this->port; } return $iauthority; } /** * Get the complete authority * * @return string */ protected function get_authority() { $iauthority = $this->get_iauthority(); if (is_string($iauthority)) { return $this->to_uri($iauthority); } else { return $iauthority; } } }

خدمة

كيف يسرق الذكاء الاصطناعي مقاعد الصحفيين و المصممين؟

مايو 18, 2025

9٬663 2 دقائق

كتب إيريني أنطون-مريم سمير

مع التطور المتسارع لتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي، بدأت مهن عديدة تعتمد على الإبداع تواجه تحديات مصيرية، من أبرزها مهنة التصميم الجرافيكي والصحافة. وبينما يرى البعض أن هذه التقنيات مجرد أدوات مساعدة، يعتبرها آخرون تهديدًا حقيقيًا قد يغير شكل المهنة بشكل جذري.

تهديد الذكاء الاصطناعي لوظيفة المصمم بين الدعم والمنافسة

يرى الأستاذ أحمد بدر، مدير تصميم و مصمم هوايات، أن الذكاء الاصطناعي بدأ كأداة لتسهيل وتسريع العمل، لكنه مع مرور الوقت تطور بشكل كبير، ليصبح قادرًا على تقديم أعمال متكاملة كان من الصعب تخيلها سابقًا. وأوضح قائلًا:

“الذكاء الاصطناعي بقى يطلع 3D Models وStyles Illustrations بجودة أعلى، وبقى ممكن يطلع لك ستايل كامل لبراند لو دخلتله keywords وطبيعة البراند.”

ومن جانبها، تتفق الأستاذة أوليفيا أيمن، مصممة علامات تجارية، مع هذا الرأي إلى حد ما، لكنها ترى أن التهديد الحقيقي لا يكمن في الشكل الجمالي وحده، قائلة:

“التصميم مش مجرد شكل، ده بيحل مشكلة. ولازم ذكاء بشري لدراسة المشكلة وتقديم حلول ليها، وده حاجة الذكاء الاصطناعي لسه مش قادر يعملها.”

وفيما يتعلق بتغير سوق العمل، أشار بدر إلى أن أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي أثرت على مجالات مثل التصوير ومعالجة الصور، حيث أصبحت بعض الوظائف مثل وظيفة الـRetoucher مهددة بالاختفاء، مضيفًا:

“الـAI بيطلع صور نظيفة جدًا وجاهزة، وده خلاه يستغنى عن وظائف كانت معتمدة على ال touch up بعد التصوير.”

وبنفس السياق، أوضحت أوليفيا أن سوق العمل أصبح يطلب بشكل أساسي معرفة باستخدام أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي، قائلة:

معظم الشغل دلوقتي بقي بيطلب معرفة بالـAI علشان ينجز وقت أكتر.”

وعن استخدام الأدوات الذكية في العمل، ذكر بدر أن الاعتماد أصبح كبيرًا على منصات مثل Midjourney وFreepik، مؤكدًا أن البعض ينبهر بنتائجها حتى لو كان فيها بعض الأخطاء. وهو ما أكدته أوليفيا أيضًا بقولها:

“بشتغل براند ديزاينر وبستخدم الذكاء الاصطناعي في تجهيز الموك آب وأفكار الكونسبت والسلوجانز.”

التطوير هو الحل

يتفق المصممان على أن التطوير المستمر لمهارات المصممين أصبح ضرورة حتمية، حيث يرى بدر أن قوة الأفكار هي العنصر الأساسي للتفوق قائلا:

“الأفكار هي اللي بتفرق. التنفيذ خلاص بقى سهل، لكن الفكرة المبتكرة هي اللي بتخليك مميز.”

بينما شددت أوليفيا على أهمية التعلم المستمر ومواكبة الأدوات الجديدة، وأضافت:

“لو مشتغلتش على نفسك هيتم استبدالك. لازم تتطور نفسك بشكل مستمر.”

ورغم التطور الكبير في أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي، إلا أن أوليفيا ترى أن بعض العملاء سيظلون يفضلون اللمسة البشرية، قائلة:

“في ناس لسه بتحب الحاجات الهاند ميد عن شغل المصانع، ومهما تطور الذكاء الاصطناعي، مش هيبدع زي الإنسان اللي بيستلهم من كل حاجة حواليه.”

الصحافة أيضًا في مرمى التهديد

وفيما يتعلق بتأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي على الصحافة، قال الأستاذ مفرح سرحان، نائب رئيس تحرير الأهرام المسائي ورئيس قسم الأهرام، إن الذكاء الاصطناعي يؤثر سلبًا على الصحافة التقليدية التي تفتقر للإبداع، مضيفًا:

“القوالب النمطية في الصحافة تتأثر بالتقنيات الحديثة، أما الصحفيون المبدعون مش هيتأثروا، لأن الإبداع لا يمكن تقليده.”

وأكد سرحان أن استخدام الروبوتات في كتابة الأخبار يمكن أن يكون وسيلة لمساعدة الصحفيين وليس استبدالهم، مشيرًا إلى أن الخطر الأكبر يتمثل في نشر الأخبار الكاذبة بسبب اعتماد الروبوت على الخوارزميات دون التحقق الإنساني من دقة المعلومات.

يبقى الأكيد أن الذكاء الاصطناعي أصبح واقعًا لا مفر منه، والتحدي الأكبر للعاملين بالمهن الإبداعية يتمثل في تطوير مهاراتهم وتعزيز قدراتهم الابتكارية، لضمان البقاء والمنافسة في عالم يتغير بوتيرة متسارعة.

مايو 18, 2025

9٬663 2 دقائق