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/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-admin/includes/class-theme-upgrader.php
<?php
/**
* Upgrade API: Theme_Upgrader class
*
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage Upgrader
* @since 4.6.0
*/
/**
* Core class used for upgrading/installing themes.
*
* It is designed to upgrade/install themes from a local zip, remote zip URL,
* or uploaded zip file.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @since 4.6.0 Moved to its own file from wp-admin/includes/class-wp-upgrader.php.
*
* @see WP_Upgrader
*/
class Theme_Upgrader extends WP_Upgrader {
/**
* Result of the theme upgrade offer.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @var array|WP_Error $result
* @see WP_Upgrader::$result
*/
public $result;
/**
* Whether multiple themes are being upgraded/installed in bulk.
*
* @since 2.9.0
* @var bool $bulk
*/
public $bulk = false;
/**
* New theme info.
*
* @since 5.5.0
* @var array $new_theme_data
*
* @see check_package()
*/
public $new_theme_data = array();
/**
* Initializes the upgrade strings.
*
* @since 2.8.0
*/
public function upgrade_strings() {
$this->strings['up_to_date'] = __( 'The theme is at the latest version.' );
$this->strings['no_package'] = __( 'Update package not available.' );
/* translators: %s: Package URL. */
$this->strings['downloading_package'] = sprintf( __( 'Downloading update from %s…' ), '<span class="code pre">%s</span>' );
$this->strings['unpack_package'] = __( 'Unpacking the update…' );
$this->strings['remove_old'] = __( 'Removing the old version of the theme…' );
$this->strings['remove_old_failed'] = __( 'Could not remove the old theme.' );
$this->strings['process_failed'] = __( 'Theme update failed.' );
$this->strings['process_success'] = __( 'Theme updated successfully.' );
}
/**
* Initializes the installation strings.
*
* @since 2.8.0
*/
public function install_strings() {
$this->strings['no_package'] = __( 'Installation package not available.' );
/* translators: %s: Package URL. */
$this->strings['downloading_package'] = sprintf( __( 'Downloading installation package from %s…' ), '<span class="code pre">%s</span>' );
$this->strings['unpack_package'] = __( 'Unpacking the package…' );
$this->strings['installing_package'] = __( 'Installing the theme…' );
$this->strings['remove_old'] = __( 'Removing the old version of the theme…' );
$this->strings['remove_old_failed'] = __( 'Could not remove the old theme.' );
$this->strings['no_files'] = __( 'The theme contains no files.' );
$this->strings['process_failed'] = __( 'Theme installation failed.' );
$this->strings['process_success'] = __( 'Theme installed successfully.' );
/* translators: 1: Theme name, 2: Theme version. */
$this->strings['process_success_specific'] = __( 'Successfully installed the theme <strong>%1$s %2$s</strong>.' );
$this->strings['parent_theme_search'] = __( 'This theme requires a parent theme. Checking if it is installed…' );
/* translators: 1: Theme name, 2: Theme version. */
$this->strings['parent_theme_prepare_install'] = __( 'Preparing to install <strong>%1$s %2$s</strong>…' );
/* translators: 1: Theme name, 2: Theme version. */
$this->strings['parent_theme_currently_installed'] = __( 'The parent theme, <strong>%1$s %2$s</strong>, is currently installed.' );
/* translators: 1: Theme name, 2: Theme version. */
$this->strings['parent_theme_install_success'] = __( 'Successfully installed the parent theme, <strong>%1$s %2$s</strong>.' );
/* translators: %s: Theme name. */
$this->strings['parent_theme_not_found'] = sprintf( __( '<strong>The parent theme could not be found.</strong> You will need to install the parent theme, %s, before you can use this child theme.' ), '<strong>%s</strong>' );
/* translators: %s: Theme error. */
$this->strings['current_theme_has_errors'] = __( 'The active theme has the following error: "%s".' );
if ( ! empty( $this->skin->overwrite ) ) {
if ( 'update-theme' === $this->skin->overwrite ) {
$this->strings['installing_package'] = __( 'Updating the theme…' );
$this->strings['process_failed'] = __( 'Theme update failed.' );
$this->strings['process_success'] = __( 'Theme updated successfully.' );
}
if ( 'downgrade-theme' === $this->skin->overwrite ) {
$this->strings['installing_package'] = __( 'Downgrading the theme…' );
$this->strings['process_failed'] = __( 'Theme downgrade failed.' );
$this->strings['process_success'] = __( 'Theme downgraded successfully.' );
}
}
}
/**
* Checks if a child theme is being installed and its parent also needs to be installed.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'upgrader_post_install'} filter by Theme_Upgrader::install().
*
* @since 3.4.0
*
* @param bool $install_result
* @param array $hook_extra
* @param array $child_result
* @return bool
*/
public function check_parent_theme_filter( $install_result, $hook_extra, $child_result ) {
// Check to see if we need to install a parent theme.
$theme_info = $this->theme_info();
if ( ! $theme_info->parent() ) {
return $install_result;
}
$this->skin->feedback( 'parent_theme_search' );
if ( ! $theme_info->parent()->errors() ) {
$this->skin->feedback( 'parent_theme_currently_installed', $theme_info->parent()->display( 'Name' ), $theme_info->parent()->display( 'Version' ) );
// We already have the theme, fall through.
return $install_result;
}
// We don't have the parent theme, let's install it.
$api = themes_api(
'theme_information',
array(
'slug' => $theme_info->get( 'Template' ),
'fields' => array(
'sections' => false,
'tags' => false,
),
)
); // Save on a bit of bandwidth.
if ( ! $api || is_wp_error( $api ) ) {
$this->skin->feedback( 'parent_theme_not_found', $theme_info->get( 'Template' ) );
// Don't show activate or preview actions after installation.
add_filter( 'install_theme_complete_actions', array( $this, 'hide_activate_preview_actions' ) );
return $install_result;
}
// Backup required data we're going to override:
$child_api = $this->skin->api;
$child_success_message = $this->strings['process_success'];
// Override them.
$this->skin->api = $api;
$this->strings['process_success_specific'] = $this->strings['parent_theme_install_success'];
$this->skin->feedback( 'parent_theme_prepare_install', $api->name, $api->version );
add_filter( 'install_theme_complete_actions', '__return_false', 999 ); // Don't show any actions after installing the theme.
// Install the parent theme.
$parent_result = $this->run(
array(
'package' => $api->download_link,
'destination' => get_theme_root(),
'clear_destination' => false, // Do not overwrite files.
'clear_working' => true,
)
);
if ( is_wp_error( $parent_result ) ) {
add_filter( 'install_theme_complete_actions', array( $this, 'hide_activate_preview_actions' ) );
}
// Start cleaning up after the parent's installation.
remove_filter( 'install_theme_complete_actions', '__return_false', 999 );
// Reset child's result and data.
$this->result = $child_result;
$this->skin->api = $child_api;
$this->strings['process_success'] = $child_success_message;
return $install_result;
}
/**
* Don't display the activate and preview actions to the user.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'install_theme_complete_actions'} filter by
* Theme_Upgrader::check_parent_theme_filter() when installing
* a child theme and installing the parent theme fails.
*
* @since 3.4.0
*
* @param array $actions Preview actions.
* @return array
*/
public function hide_activate_preview_actions( $actions ) {
unset( $actions['activate'], $actions['preview'] );
return $actions;
}
/**
* Install a theme package.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @since 3.7.0 The `$args` parameter was added, making clearing the update cache optional.
*
* @param string $package The full local path or URI of the package.
* @param array $args {
* Optional. Other arguments for installing a theme package. Default empty array.
*
* @type bool $clear_update_cache Whether to clear the updates cache if successful.
* Default true.
* }
*
* @return bool|WP_Error True if the installation was successful, false or a WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function install( $package, $args = array() ) {
$defaults = array(
'clear_update_cache' => true,
'overwrite_package' => false, // Do not overwrite files.
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
$this->init();
$this->install_strings();
add_filter( 'upgrader_source_selection', array( $this, 'check_package' ) );
add_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'check_parent_theme_filter' ), 10, 3 );
if ( $parsed_args['clear_update_cache'] ) {
// Clear cache so wp_update_themes() knows about the new theme.
add_action( 'upgrader_process_complete', 'wp_clean_themes_cache', 9, 0 );
}
$this->run(
array(
'package' => $package,
'destination' => get_theme_root(),
'clear_destination' => $parsed_args['overwrite_package'],
'clear_working' => true,
'hook_extra' => array(
'type' => 'theme',
'action' => 'install',
),
)
);
remove_action( 'upgrader_process_complete', 'wp_clean_themes_cache', 9 );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_source_selection', array( $this, 'check_package' ) );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'check_parent_theme_filter' ) );
if ( ! $this->result || is_wp_error( $this->result ) ) {
return $this->result;
}
// Refresh the Theme Update information.
wp_clean_themes_cache( $parsed_args['clear_update_cache'] );
if ( $parsed_args['overwrite_package'] ) {
/** This action is documented in wp-admin/includes/class-plugin-upgrader.php */
do_action( 'upgrader_overwrote_package', $package, $this->new_theme_data, 'theme' );
}
return true;
}
/**
* Upgrades a theme.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @since 3.7.0 The `$args` parameter was added, making clearing the update cache optional.
*
* @param string $theme The theme slug.
* @param array $args {
* Optional. Other arguments for upgrading a theme. Default empty array.
*
* @type bool $clear_update_cache Whether to clear the update cache if successful.
* Default true.
* }
* @return bool|WP_Error True if the upgrade was successful, false or a WP_Error object otherwise.
*/
public function upgrade( $theme, $args = array() ) {
$defaults = array(
'clear_update_cache' => true,
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
$this->init();
$this->upgrade_strings();
// Is an update available?
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_themes' );
if ( ! isset( $current->response[ $theme ] ) ) {
$this->skin->before();
$this->skin->set_result( false );
$this->skin->error( 'up_to_date' );
$this->skin->after();
return false;
}
$r = $current->response[ $theme ];
add_filter( 'upgrader_pre_install', array( $this, 'current_before' ), 10, 2 );
add_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'current_after' ), 10, 2 );
add_filter( 'upgrader_clear_destination', array( $this, 'delete_old_theme' ), 10, 4 );
if ( $parsed_args['clear_update_cache'] ) {
// Clear cache so wp_update_themes() knows about the new theme.
add_action( 'upgrader_process_complete', 'wp_clean_themes_cache', 9, 0 );
}
$this->run(
array(
'package' => $r['package'],
'destination' => get_theme_root( $theme ),
'clear_destination' => true,
'clear_working' => true,
'hook_extra' => array(
'theme' => $theme,
'type' => 'theme',
'action' => 'update',
'temp_backup' => array(
'slug' => $theme,
'src' => get_theme_root( $theme ),
'dir' => 'themes',
),
),
)
);
remove_action( 'upgrader_process_complete', 'wp_clean_themes_cache', 9 );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_pre_install', array( $this, 'current_before' ) );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'current_after' ) );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_clear_destination', array( $this, 'delete_old_theme' ) );
if ( ! $this->result || is_wp_error( $this->result ) ) {
return $this->result;
}
wp_clean_themes_cache( $parsed_args['clear_update_cache'] );
/*
* Ensure any future auto-update failures trigger a failure email by removing
* the last failure notification from the list when themes update successfully.
*/
$past_failure_emails = get_option( 'auto_plugin_theme_update_emails', array() );
if ( isset( $past_failure_emails[ $theme ] ) ) {
unset( $past_failure_emails[ $theme ] );
update_option( 'auto_plugin_theme_update_emails', $past_failure_emails );
}
return true;
}
/**
* Upgrades several themes at once.
*
* @since 3.0.0
* @since 3.7.0 The `$args` parameter was added, making clearing the update cache optional.
*
* @param string[] $themes Array of the theme slugs.
* @param array $args {
* Optional. Other arguments for upgrading several themes at once. Default empty array.
*
* @type bool $clear_update_cache Whether to clear the update cache if successful.
* Default true.
* }
* @return array[]|false An array of results, or false if unable to connect to the filesystem.
*/
public function bulk_upgrade( $themes, $args = array() ) {
$wp_version = wp_get_wp_version();
$defaults = array(
'clear_update_cache' => true,
);
$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
$this->init();
$this->bulk = true;
$this->upgrade_strings();
$current = get_site_transient( 'update_themes' );
add_filter( 'upgrader_pre_install', array( $this, 'current_before' ), 10, 2 );
add_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'current_after' ), 10, 2 );
add_filter( 'upgrader_clear_destination', array( $this, 'delete_old_theme' ), 10, 4 );
$this->skin->header();
// Connect to the filesystem first.
$res = $this->fs_connect( array( WP_CONTENT_DIR ) );
if ( ! $res ) {
$this->skin->footer();
return false;
}
$this->skin->bulk_header();
/*
* Only start maintenance mode if:
* - running Multisite and there are one or more themes specified, OR
* - a theme with an update available is currently in use.
* @todo For multisite, maintenance mode should only kick in for individual sites if at all possible.
*/
$maintenance = ( is_multisite() && ! empty( $themes ) );
foreach ( $themes as $theme ) {
$maintenance = $maintenance || get_stylesheet() === $theme || get_template() === $theme;
}
if ( $maintenance ) {
$this->maintenance_mode( true );
}
$results = array();
$this->update_count = count( $themes );
$this->update_current = 0;
foreach ( $themes as $theme ) {
++$this->update_current;
$this->skin->theme_info = $this->theme_info( $theme );
if ( ! isset( $current->response[ $theme ] ) ) {
$this->skin->set_result( true );
$this->skin->before();
$this->skin->feedback( 'up_to_date' );
$this->skin->after();
$results[ $theme ] = true;
continue;
}
// Get the URL to the zip file.
$r = $current->response[ $theme ];
if ( isset( $r['requires'] ) && ! is_wp_version_compatible( $r['requires'] ) ) {
$result = new WP_Error(
'incompatible_wp_required_version',
sprintf(
/* translators: 1: Current WordPress version, 2: WordPress version required by the new theme version. */
__( 'Your WordPress version is %1$s, however the new theme version requires %2$s.' ),
$wp_version,
$r['requires']
)
);
$this->skin->before( $result );
$this->skin->error( $result );
$this->skin->after();
} elseif ( isset( $r['requires_php'] ) && ! is_php_version_compatible( $r['requires_php'] ) ) {
$result = new WP_Error(
'incompatible_php_required_version',
sprintf(
/* translators: 1: Current PHP version, 2: PHP version required by the new theme version. */
__( 'The PHP version on your server is %1$s, however the new theme version requires %2$s.' ),
PHP_VERSION,
$r['requires_php']
)
);
$this->skin->before( $result );
$this->skin->error( $result );
$this->skin->after();
} else {
add_filter( 'upgrader_source_selection', array( $this, 'check_package' ) );
$result = $this->run(
array(
'package' => $r['package'],
'destination' => get_theme_root( $theme ),
'clear_destination' => true,
'clear_working' => true,
'is_multi' => true,
'hook_extra' => array(
'theme' => $theme,
'temp_backup' => array(
'slug' => $theme,
'src' => get_theme_root( $theme ),
'dir' => 'themes',
),
),
)
);
remove_filter( 'upgrader_source_selection', array( $this, 'check_package' ) );
}
$results[ $theme ] = $result;
// Prevent credentials auth screen from displaying multiple times.
if ( false === $result ) {
break;
}
} // End foreach $themes.
$this->maintenance_mode( false );
// Refresh the Theme Update information.
wp_clean_themes_cache( $parsed_args['clear_update_cache'] );
/** This action is documented in wp-admin/includes/class-wp-upgrader.php */
do_action(
'upgrader_process_complete',
$this,
array(
'action' => 'update',
'type' => 'theme',
'bulk' => true,
'themes' => $themes,
)
);
$this->skin->bulk_footer();
$this->skin->footer();
// Cleanup our hooks, in case something else does an upgrade on this connection.
remove_filter( 'upgrader_pre_install', array( $this, 'current_before' ) );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_post_install', array( $this, 'current_after' ) );
remove_filter( 'upgrader_clear_destination', array( $this, 'delete_old_theme' ) );
/*
* Ensure any future auto-update failures trigger a failure email by removing
* the last failure notification from the list when themes update successfully.
*/
$past_failure_emails = get_option( 'auto_plugin_theme_update_emails', array() );
foreach ( $results as $theme => $result ) {
// Maintain last failure notification when themes failed to update manually.
if ( ! $result || is_wp_error( $result ) || ! isset( $past_failure_emails[ $theme ] ) ) {
continue;
}
unset( $past_failure_emails[ $theme ] );
}
update_option( 'auto_plugin_theme_update_emails', $past_failure_emails );
return $results;
}
/**
* Checks that the package source contains a valid theme.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'upgrader_source_selection'} filter by Theme_Upgrader::install().
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
*
* @param string $source The path to the downloaded package source.
* @return string|WP_Error The source as passed, or a WP_Error object on failure.
*/
public function check_package( $source ) {
global $wp_filesystem;
$wp_version = wp_get_wp_version();
$this->new_theme_data = array();
if ( is_wp_error( $source ) ) {
return $source;
}
// Check that the folder contains a valid theme.
$working_directory = str_replace( $wp_filesystem->wp_content_dir(), trailingslashit( WP_CONTENT_DIR ), $source );
if ( ! is_dir( $working_directory ) ) { // Confidence check, if the above fails, let's not prevent installation.
return $source;
}
// A proper archive should have a style.css file in the single subdirectory.
if ( ! file_exists( $working_directory . 'style.css' ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'incompatible_archive_theme_no_style',
$this->strings['incompatible_archive'],
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: style.css */
__( 'The theme is missing the %s stylesheet.' ),
'<code>style.css</code>'
)
);
}
// All these headers are needed on Theme_Installer_Skin::do_overwrite().
$info = get_file_data(
$working_directory . 'style.css',
array(
'Name' => 'Theme Name',
'Version' => 'Version',
'Author' => 'Author',
'Template' => 'Template',
'RequiresWP' => 'Requires at least',
'RequiresPHP' => 'Requires PHP',
)
);
if ( empty( $info['Name'] ) ) {
return new WP_Error(
'incompatible_archive_theme_no_name',
$this->strings['incompatible_archive'],
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: style.css */
__( 'The %s stylesheet does not contain a valid theme header.' ),
'<code>style.css</code>'
)
);
}
/*
* Parent themes must contain an index file:
* - classic themes require /index.php
* - block themes require /templates/index.html or block-templates/index.html (deprecated 5.9.0).
*/
if (
empty( $info['Template'] ) &&
! file_exists( $working_directory . 'index.php' ) &&
! file_exists( $working_directory . 'templates/index.html' ) &&
! file_exists( $working_directory . 'block-templates/index.html' )
) {
return new WP_Error(
'incompatible_archive_theme_no_index',
$this->strings['incompatible_archive'],
sprintf(
/* translators: 1: templates/index.html, 2: index.php, 3: Documentation URL, 4: Template, 5: style.css */
__( 'Template is missing. Standalone themes need to have a %1$s or %2$s template file. <a href="%3$s">Child themes</a> need to have a %4$s header in the %5$s stylesheet.' ),
'<code>templates/index.html</code>',
'<code>index.php</code>',
__( 'https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/advanced-topics/child-themes/' ),
'<code>Template</code>',
'<code>style.css</code>'
)
);
}
$requires_php = isset( $info['RequiresPHP'] ) ? $info['RequiresPHP'] : null;
$requires_wp = isset( $info['RequiresWP'] ) ? $info['RequiresWP'] : null;
if ( ! is_php_version_compatible( $requires_php ) ) {
$error = sprintf(
/* translators: 1: Current PHP version, 2: Version required by the uploaded theme. */
__( 'The PHP version on your server is %1$s, however the uploaded theme requires %2$s.' ),
PHP_VERSION,
$requires_php
);
return new WP_Error( 'incompatible_php_required_version', $this->strings['incompatible_archive'], $error );
}
if ( ! is_wp_version_compatible( $requires_wp ) ) {
$error = sprintf(
/* translators: 1: Current WordPress version, 2: Version required by the uploaded theme. */
__( 'Your WordPress version is %1$s, however the uploaded theme requires %2$s.' ),
$wp_version,
$requires_wp
);
return new WP_Error( 'incompatible_wp_required_version', $this->strings['incompatible_archive'], $error );
}
$this->new_theme_data = $info;
return $source;
}
/**
* Turns on maintenance mode before attempting to upgrade the active theme.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'upgrader_pre_install'} filter by Theme_Upgrader::upgrade() and
* Theme_Upgrader::bulk_upgrade().
*
* @since 2.8.0
*
* @param bool|WP_Error $response The installation response before the installation has started.
* @param array $theme Theme arguments.
* @return bool|WP_Error The original `$response` parameter or WP_Error.
*/
public function current_before( $response, $theme ) {
if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
return $response;
}
$theme = isset( $theme['theme'] ) ? $theme['theme'] : '';
// Only run if active theme.
if ( get_stylesheet() !== $theme ) {
return $response;
}
// Change to maintenance mode. Bulk edit handles this separately.
if ( ! $this->bulk ) {
$this->maintenance_mode( true );
}
return $response;
}
/**
* Turns off maintenance mode after upgrading the active theme.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'upgrader_post_install'} filter by Theme_Upgrader::upgrade()
* and Theme_Upgrader::bulk_upgrade().
*
* @since 2.8.0
*
* @param bool|WP_Error $response The installation response after the installation has finished.
* @param array $theme Theme arguments.
* @return bool|WP_Error The original `$response` parameter or WP_Error.
*/
public function current_after( $response, $theme ) {
if ( is_wp_error( $response ) ) {
return $response;
}
$theme = isset( $theme['theme'] ) ? $theme['theme'] : '';
// Only run if active theme.
if ( get_stylesheet() !== $theme ) {
return $response;
}
// Ensure stylesheet name hasn't changed after the upgrade:
if ( get_stylesheet() === $theme && $theme !== $this->result['destination_name'] ) {
wp_clean_themes_cache();
$stylesheet = $this->result['destination_name'];
switch_theme( $stylesheet );
}
// Time to remove maintenance mode. Bulk edit handles this separately.
if ( ! $this->bulk ) {
$this->maintenance_mode( false );
}
return $response;
}
/**
* Deletes the old theme during an upgrade.
*
* Hooked to the {@see 'upgrader_clear_destination'} filter by Theme_Upgrader::upgrade()
* and Theme_Upgrader::bulk_upgrade().
*
* @since 2.8.0
*
* @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem Subclass
*
* @param bool $removed
* @param string $local_destination
* @param string $remote_destination
* @param array $theme
* @return bool
*/
public function delete_old_theme( $removed, $local_destination, $remote_destination, $theme ) {
global $wp_filesystem;
if ( is_wp_error( $removed ) ) {
return $removed; // Pass errors through.
}
if ( ! isset( $theme['theme'] ) ) {
return $removed;
}
$theme = $theme['theme'];
$themes_dir = trailingslashit( $wp_filesystem->wp_themes_dir( $theme ) );
if ( $wp_filesystem->exists( $themes_dir . $theme ) ) {
if ( ! $wp_filesystem->delete( $themes_dir . $theme, true ) ) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Gets the WP_Theme object for a theme.
*
* @since 2.8.0
* @since 3.0.0 The `$theme` argument was added.
*
* @param string $theme The directory name of the theme. This is optional, and if not supplied,
* the directory name from the last result will be used.
* @return WP_Theme|false The theme's info object, or false `$theme` is not supplied
* and the last result isn't set.
*/
public function theme_info( $theme = null ) {
if ( empty( $theme ) ) {
if ( ! empty( $this->result['destination_name'] ) ) {
$theme = $this->result['destination_name'];
} else {
return false;
}
}
$theme = wp_get_theme( $theme );
$theme->cache_delete();
return $theme;
}
}
التكنولوجيا تغزو الأعصاب..زراعة الشرائح الدماغية و مخاطرها – tahkoom.com
كتبت إيريني أنطون
لم يعد الذكاء الاصطناعي مجرد أداة تساعد الأطباء في التشخيص والعلاج، بل بات يمتد إلى أدمغتنا نفسها، فاتحًا الباب أمام إمكانيات غير مسبوقة، وأيضًا مخاوف وتساؤلات لا حصر لها. يعمل العلماء على تطوير شرائح تزرع داخل الدماغ، قادرة على إعادة الحركة لمرضى الشلل، وتحسين حالات الاكتئاب والقلق، بل وحتى استعادة الذاكرة لمن يعانون من أمراض مثل الزهايمر. فهل نحن على أعتاب ثورة طبية تعيد تشكيل قدراتنا العقلية؟ أم أن هذه التكنولوجيا قد تحمل مخاطر أكبر مما نتخيل؟
تكنولوجيا الشرائح الدماغية لا تزال في مراحلها الأولى عالميًا، وفي مصر بدأ الأطباء في متابعة أحدث التطورات العالمية في زراعة الشرائح الدماغية على أمل توفيرها لمرضى فقدان الحركة أو الاضطرابات النفسية.
“الشرائح الدماغية: أمل للمرضى”
قالت دكتورة ماريا ألفي، أخصائية أمراض مخ وأعصاب بالقصر العيني: “هذه الشرائح تُستخدم في علاج أمراض مثل الشلل، والشلل الرعاش، وبعض أمراض الذاكرة، والأمراض النفسية، والتشنجات، ويتم تطويرها لاستعادة الوظائف الحسية والحركية. ولكن حتى الآن، لن تصل هذه التكنولوجيا إلى مصر لأنها مازالت تحت التجارب والدراسات في الخارج”.
وأوضحت دكتورة ماريا ألفي أن هذه الشرائح تعمل على تسجيل الإشارات العصبية من الدماغ وتحويلها إلى أوامر للأجهزة المستخدمة مثل الأطراف الصناعية، فيتحكم بها المريض من خلال أفكاره. وأضافت أن هناك تجارب حاليًا لتحويل الإشارات العصبية المرتبطة بالكلام إلى نصوص أو أصوات، مما يعطي أملًا كبيرًا لمرضى فقدان النطق.
التحديات والمخاطر
قال الدكتور بولا جرجس، جراح مخ وأعصاب ونائب رئيس جراحة المخ والأعصاب بالقصر العيني سابقًا: “هناك تحديات تقنية وطبية تجعل هذه التكنولوجيا غير بديلة للعلاجات التقليدية في الوقت الحالي، لكنها يمكن أن تقلل من الحاجة للأدوية في بعض الحالات”.
وأوضح د. بولا جرجس أن لهذه الشرائح مضاعفات ومخاطر، من بينها تليف الأنسجة المحيطة بالشريحة، والنزيف الدماغي أثناء الجراحة أو بعدها، والعدوى التي قد تؤدي إلى إزالة الشريحة مع احتمالية حدوث اضطراب في كهرباء المخ. بالإضافة إلى أن هذه الشرائح قد تؤثر على المزاج والسلوك وتحدث تغيرات في التفكير والعاطفة.
مستقبل الشرائح الدماغية في مصر
أضاف د. بولا جرجس أن هناك مستشفيات متقدمة جدًا في مصر مثل القصر العيني، ومستشفى عين شمس التخصصي، ومعهد ناصر، قادرة على إجراء هذه العمليات بمجرد الانتهاء من مراحل البحث العالمية ووصول هذه التقنيات والأبحاث إلى مصر. وأوضح أن عمليات التحفيز العميق تُجرى في مصر لمرضى اضطرابات الحركة ومرضى باركنسون، لكن الشرائح لم تُستخدم حتى الآن.
واختتمت د. ماريا حديثها بقولها: “من المتوقع في المستقبل أن تصبح هذه الشرائح أكثر كفاءة، ويتم التحكم فيها لاسلكيًا، مما سيسمح للمرضى باستخدامها بسهولة أكبر. ودمجها بالذكاء الاصطناعي سيساعد في تفاعلها مع الإشارات العصبية، مما يجعلها أكثر دقة وفعالية”.
لا شك أن الشرائح الدماغية تمثل قفزة هائلة في عالم الطب العصبي، وقد تحمل مستقبلاً مشرقًا لملايين المرضى حول العالم. ومع ذلك، فإن التحديات التقنية والطبية لا تزال قائمة، مما يجعل هذه التكنولوجيا بحاجة إلى مزيد من الأبحاث قبل أن تصبح متاحة على نطاق واسع.
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