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<div class='alert alert-info'><strong>/home/tahkoom/public_html/wp-content/plugins/chatbot/includes/openai/Parsedown.php</strong></div><pre class='file-content'>&lt;?php

#
#
# Parsedown
# http://parsedown.org
#
# (c) Emanuil Rusev
# http://erusev.com
#
# For the full license information, view the LICENSE file that was distributed
# with this source code.
#
#
if(!class_exists('Parsedown')){
    class Parsedown
    {
        # ~

        const version = '1.8.0-beta-7';

        # ~

        function text($text)
        {
            $Elements = $this-&gt;textElements($text);

            # convert to markup
            $markup = $this-&gt;elements($Elements);

            # trim line breaks
            $markup = trim($markup, &quot;\n&quot;);

            return $markup;
        }

        protected function textElements($text)
        {
            # make sure no definitions are set
            $this-&gt;DefinitionData = array();

            # standardize line breaks
            $text = str_replace(array(&quot;\r\n&quot;, &quot;\r&quot;), &quot;\n&quot;, $text);

            # remove surrounding line breaks
            $text = trim($text, &quot;\n&quot;);

            # split text into lines
            $lines = explode(&quot;\n&quot;, $text);

            # iterate through lines to identify blocks
            return $this-&gt;linesElements($lines);
        }

        #
        # Setters
        #

        function setBreaksEnabled($breaksEnabled)
        {
            $this-&gt;breaksEnabled = $breaksEnabled;

            return $this;
        }

        protected $breaksEnabled;

        function setMarkupEscaped($markupEscaped)
        {
            $this-&gt;markupEscaped = $markupEscaped;

            return $this;
        }

        protected $markupEscaped;

        function setUrlsLinked($urlsLinked)
        {
            $this-&gt;urlsLinked = $urlsLinked;

            return $this;
        }

        protected $urlsLinked = true;

        function setSafeMode($safeMode)
        {
            $this-&gt;safeMode = (bool) $safeMode;

            return $this;
        }

        protected $safeMode;

        function setStrictMode($strictMode)
        {
            $this-&gt;strictMode = (bool) $strictMode;

            return $this;
        }

        protected $strictMode;

        protected $safeLinksWhitelist = array(
            'http://',
            'https://',
            'ftp://',
            'ftps://',
            'mailto:',
            'tel:',
            'data:image/png;base64,',
            'data:image/gif;base64,',
            'data:image/jpeg;base64,',
            'irc:',
            'ircs:',
            'git:',
            'ssh:',
            'news:',
            'steam:',
        );

        #
        # Lines
        #

        protected $BlockTypes = array(
            '#' =&gt; array('Header'),
            '*' =&gt; array('Rule', 'List'),
            '+' =&gt; array('List'),
            '-' =&gt; array('SetextHeader', 'Table', 'Rule', 'List'),
            '0' =&gt; array('List'),
            '1' =&gt; array('List'),
            '2' =&gt; array('List'),
            '3' =&gt; array('List'),
            '4' =&gt; array('List'),
            '5' =&gt; array('List'),
            '6' =&gt; array('List'),
            '7' =&gt; array('List'),
            '8' =&gt; array('List'),
            '9' =&gt; array('List'),
            ':' =&gt; array('Table'),
            '&lt;' =&gt; array('Comment', 'Markup'),
            '=' =&gt; array('SetextHeader'),
            '&gt;' =&gt; array('Quote'),
            '[' =&gt; array('Reference'),
            '_' =&gt; array('Rule'),
            '`' =&gt; array('FencedCode'),
            '|' =&gt; array('Table'),
            '~' =&gt; array('FencedCode'),
        );

        # ~

        protected $unmarkedBlockTypes = array(
            'Code',
        );

        #
        # Blocks
        #

        protected function lines(array $lines)
        {
            return $this-&gt;elements($this-&gt;linesElements($lines));
        }

        protected function linesElements(array $lines)
        {
            $Elements = array();
            $CurrentBlock = null;

            foreach ($lines as $line)
            {
                if (chop($line) === '')
                {
                    if (isset($CurrentBlock))
                    {
                        $CurrentBlock['interrupted'] = (isset($CurrentBlock['interrupted'])
                            ? $CurrentBlock['interrupted'] + 1 : 1
                        );
                    }

                    continue;
                }

                while (($beforeTab = strstr($line, &quot;\t&quot;, true)) !== false)
                {
                    $shortage = 4 - mb_strlen($beforeTab, 'utf-8') % 4;

                    $line = $beforeTab
                        . str_repeat(' ', $shortage)
                        . substr($line, strlen($beforeTab) + 1)
                    ;
                }

                $indent = strspn($line, ' ');

                $text = $indent &gt; 0 ? substr($line, $indent) : $line;

                # ~

                $Line = array('body' =&gt; $line, 'indent' =&gt; $indent, 'text' =&gt; $text);

                # ~

                if (isset($CurrentBlock['continuable']))
                {
                    $methodName = 'block' . $CurrentBlock['type'] . 'Continue';
                    $Block = $this-&gt;$methodName($Line, $CurrentBlock);

                    if (isset($Block))
                    {
                        $CurrentBlock = $Block;

                        continue;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if ($this-&gt;isBlockCompletable($CurrentBlock['type']))
                        {
                            $methodName = 'block' . $CurrentBlock['type'] . 'Complete';
                            $CurrentBlock = $this-&gt;$methodName($CurrentBlock);
                        }
                    }
                }

                # ~

                $marker = $text[0];

                # ~

                $blockTypes = $this-&gt;unmarkedBlockTypes;

                if (isset($this-&gt;BlockTypes[$marker]))
                {
                    foreach ($this-&gt;BlockTypes[$marker] as $blockType)
                    {
                        $blockTypes []= $blockType;
                    }
                }

                #
                # ~

                foreach ($blockTypes as $blockType)
                {
                    $Block = $this-&gt;{&quot;block$blockType&quot;}($Line, $CurrentBlock);

                    if (isset($Block))
                    {
                        $Block['type'] = $blockType;

                        if ( ! isset($Block['identified']))
                        {
                            if (isset($CurrentBlock))
                            {
                                $Elements[] = $this-&gt;extractElement($CurrentBlock);
                            }

                            $Block['identified'] = true;
                        }

                        if ($this-&gt;isBlockContinuable($blockType))
                        {
                            $Block['continuable'] = true;
                        }

                        $CurrentBlock = $Block;

                        continue 2;
                    }
                }

                # ~

                if (isset($CurrentBlock) and $CurrentBlock['type'] === 'Paragraph')
                {
                    $Block = $this-&gt;paragraphContinue($Line, $CurrentBlock);
                }

                if (isset($Block))
                {
                    $CurrentBlock = $Block;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (isset($CurrentBlock))
                    {
                        $Elements[] = $this-&gt;extractElement($CurrentBlock);
                    }

                    $CurrentBlock = $this-&gt;paragraph($Line);

                    $CurrentBlock['identified'] = true;
                }
            }

            # ~

            if (isset($CurrentBlock['continuable']) and $this-&gt;isBlockCompletable($CurrentBlock['type']))
            {
                $methodName = 'block' . $CurrentBlock['type'] . 'Complete';
                $CurrentBlock = $this-&gt;$methodName($CurrentBlock);
            }

            # ~

            if (isset($CurrentBlock))
            {
                $Elements[] = $this-&gt;extractElement($CurrentBlock);
            }

            # ~

            return $Elements;
        }

        protected function extractElement(array $Component)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Component['element']))
            {
                if (isset($Component['markup']))
                {
                    $Component['element'] = array('rawHtml' =&gt; $Component['markup']);
                }
                elseif (isset($Component['hidden']))
                {
                    $Component['element'] = array();
                }
            }

            return $Component['element'];
        }

        protected function isBlockContinuable($Type)
        {
            return method_exists($this, 'block' . $Type . 'Continue');
        }

        protected function isBlockCompletable($Type)
        {
            return method_exists($this, 'block' . $Type . 'Complete');
        }

        #
        # Code

        protected function blockCode($Line, $Block = null)
        {
            if (isset($Block) and $Block['type'] === 'Paragraph' and ! isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if ($Line['indent'] &gt;= 4)
            {
                $text = substr($Line['body'], 4);

                $Block = array(
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'pre',
                        'element' =&gt; array(
                            'name' =&gt; 'code',
                            'text' =&gt; $text,
                        ),
                    ),
                );

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockCodeContinue($Line, $Block)
        {
            if ($Line['indent'] &gt;= 4)
            {
                if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
                {
                    $Block['element']['element']['text'] .= str_repeat(&quot;\n&quot;, $Block['interrupted']);

                    unset($Block['interrupted']);
                }

                $Block['element']['element']['text'] .= &quot;\n&quot;;

                $text = substr($Line['body'], 4);

                $Block['element']['element']['text'] .= $text;

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockCodeComplete($Block)
        {
            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Comment

        protected function blockComment($Line)
        {
            if ($this-&gt;markupEscaped or $this-&gt;safeMode)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (strpos($Line['text'], '&lt;!--') === 0)
            {
                $Block = array(
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'rawHtml' =&gt; $Line['body'],
                        'autobreak' =&gt; true,
                    ),
                );

                if (strpos($Line['text'], '--&gt;') !== false)
                {
                    $Block['closed'] = true;
                }

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockCommentContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['closed']))
            {
                return;
            }

            $Block['element']['rawHtml'] .= &quot;\n&quot; . $Line['body'];

            if (strpos($Line['text'], '--&gt;') !== false)
            {
                $Block['closed'] = true;
            }

            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Fenced Code

        protected function blockFencedCode($Line)
        {
            $marker = $Line['text'][0];

            $openerLength = strspn($Line['text'], $marker);

            if ($openerLength &lt; 3)
            {
                return;
            }

            $infostring = trim(substr($Line['text'], $openerLength), &quot;\t &quot;);

            if (strpos($infostring, '`') !== false)
            {
                return;
            }

            $Element = array(
                'name' =&gt; 'code',
                'text' =&gt; '',
            );

            if ($infostring !== '')
            {
                /**
                 * https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110525/elements.html#classes
                 * Every HTML element may have a class attribute specified.
                 * The attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a set
                 * of space-separated tokens representing the various classes
                 * that the element belongs to.
                 * [...]
                 * The space characters, for the purposes of this specification,
                 * are U+0020 SPACE, U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab),
                 * U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), and
                 * U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR).
                 */
                $language = substr($infostring, 0, strcspn($infostring, &quot; \t\n\f\r&quot;));

                $Element['attributes'] = array('class' =&gt; &quot;language-$language&quot;);
            }

            $Block = array(
                'char' =&gt; $marker,
                'openerLength' =&gt; $openerLength,
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'pre',
                    'element' =&gt; $Element,
                ),
            );

            return $Block;
        }

        protected function blockFencedCodeContinue($Line, $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['complete']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                $Block['element']['element']['text'] .= str_repeat(&quot;\n&quot;, $Block['interrupted']);

                unset($Block['interrupted']);
            }

            if (($len = strspn($Line['text'], $Block['char'])) &gt;= $Block['openerLength']
                and chop(substr($Line['text'], $len), ' ') === ''
            ) {
                $Block['element']['element']['text'] = substr($Block['element']['element']['text'], 1);

                $Block['complete'] = true;

                return $Block;
            }

            $Block['element']['element']['text'] .= &quot;\n&quot; . $Line['body'];

            return $Block;
        }

        protected function blockFencedCodeComplete($Block)
        {
            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Header

        protected function blockHeader($Line)
        {
            $level = strspn($Line['text'], '#');

            if ($level &gt; 6)
            {
                return;
            }

            $text = trim($Line['text'], '#');

            if ($this-&gt;strictMode and isset($text[0]) and $text[0] !== ' ')
            {
                return;
            }

            $text = trim($text, ' ');

            $Block = array(
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'h' . $level,
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                        'argument' =&gt; $text,
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                    )
                ),
            );

            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # List

        protected function blockList($Line, ?array $CurrentBlock = null)
        {
            list($name, $pattern) = $Line['text'][0] &lt;= '-' ? array('ul', '[*+-]') : array('ol', '[0-9]{1,9}+[.\)]');

            if (preg_match('/^('.$pattern.'([ ]++|$))(.*+)/', $Line['text'], $matches))
            {
                $contentIndent = strlen($matches[2]);

                if ($contentIndent &gt;= 5)
                {
                    $contentIndent -= 1;
                    $matches[1] = substr($matches[1], 0, -$contentIndent);
                    $matches[3] = str_repeat(' ', $contentIndent) . $matches[3];
                }
                elseif ($contentIndent === 0)
                {
                    $matches[1] .= ' ';
                }

                $markerWithoutWhitespace = strstr($matches[1], ' ', true);

                $Block = array(
                    'indent' =&gt; $Line['indent'],
                    'pattern' =&gt; $pattern,
                    'data' =&gt; array(
                        'type' =&gt; $name,
                        'marker' =&gt; $matches[1],
                        'markerType' =&gt; ($name === 'ul' ? $markerWithoutWhitespace : substr($markerWithoutWhitespace, -1)),
                    ),
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; $name,
                        'elements' =&gt; array(),
                    ),
                );
                $Block['data']['markerTypeRegex'] = preg_quote($Block['data']['markerType'], '/');

                if ($name === 'ol')
                {
                    $listStart = ltrim(strstr($matches[1], $Block['data']['markerType'], true), '0') ?: '0';

                    if ($listStart !== '1')
                    {
                        if (
                            isset($CurrentBlock)
                            and $CurrentBlock['type'] === 'Paragraph'
                            and ! isset($CurrentBlock['interrupted'])
                        ) {
                            return;
                        }

                        $Block['element']['attributes'] = array('start' =&gt; $listStart);
                    }
                }

                $Block['li'] = array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'li',
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'li',
                        'argument' =&gt; !empty($matches[3]) ? array($matches[3]) : array(),
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements'
                    )
                );

                $Block['element']['elements'] []= &amp; $Block['li'];

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockListContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['interrupted']) and empty($Block['li']['handler']['argument']))
            {
                return null;
            }

            $requiredIndent = ($Block['indent'] + strlen($Block['data']['marker']));

            if ($Line['indent'] &lt; $requiredIndent
                and (
                    (
                        $Block['data']['type'] === 'ol'
                        and preg_match('/^[0-9]++'.$Block['data']['markerTypeRegex'].'(?:[ ]++(.*)|$)/', $Line['text'], $matches)
                    ) or (
                        $Block['data']['type'] === 'ul'
                        and preg_match('/^'.$Block['data']['markerTypeRegex'].'(?:[ ]++(.*)|$)/', $Line['text'], $matches)
                    )
                )
            ) {
                if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
                {
                    $Block['li']['handler']['argument'] []= '';

                    $Block['loose'] = true;

                    unset($Block['interrupted']);
                }

                unset($Block['li']);

                $text = isset($matches[1]) ? $matches[1] : '';

                $Block['indent'] = $Line['indent'];

                $Block['li'] = array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'li',
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'li',
                        'argument' =&gt; array($text),
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements'
                    )
                );

                $Block['element']['elements'] []= &amp; $Block['li'];

                return $Block;
            }
            elseif ($Line['indent'] &lt; $requiredIndent and $this-&gt;blockList($Line))
            {
                return null;
            }

            if ($Line['text'][0] === '[' and $this-&gt;blockReference($Line))
            {
                return $Block;
            }

            if ($Line['indent'] &gt;= $requiredIndent)
            {
                if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
                {
                    $Block['li']['handler']['argument'] []= '';

                    $Block['loose'] = true;

                    unset($Block['interrupted']);
                }

                $text = substr($Line['body'], $requiredIndent);

                $Block['li']['handler']['argument'] []= $text;

                return $Block;
            }

            if ( ! isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                $text = preg_replace('/^[ ]{0,'.$requiredIndent.'}+/', '', $Line['body']);

                $Block['li']['handler']['argument'] []= $text;

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockListComplete(array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['loose']))
            {
                foreach ($Block['element']['elements'] as &amp;$li)
                {
                    if (end($li['handler']['argument']) !== '')
                    {
                        $li['handler']['argument'] []= '';
                    }
                }
            }

            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Quote

        protected function blockQuote($Line)
        {
            if (preg_match('/^&gt;[ ]?+(.*+)/', $Line['text'], $matches))
            {
                $Block = array(
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'blockquote',
                        'handler' =&gt; array(
                            'function' =&gt; 'linesElements',
                            'argument' =&gt; (array) $matches[1],
                            'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                        )
                    ),
                );

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockQuoteContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if ($Line['text'][0] === '&gt;' and preg_match('/^&gt;[ ]?+(.*+)/', $Line['text'], $matches))
            {
                $Block['element']['handler']['argument'] []= $matches[1];

                return $Block;
            }

            if ( ! isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                $Block['element']['handler']['argument'] []= $Line['text'];

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        #
        # Rule

        protected function blockRule($Line)
        {
            $marker = $Line['text'][0];

            if (substr_count($Line['text'], $marker) &gt;= 3 and chop($Line['text'], &quot; $marker&quot;) === '')
            {
                $Block = array(
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'hr',
                    ),
                );

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        #
        # Setext

        protected function blockSetextHeader($Line, ?array $Block = null)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Block) or $Block['type'] !== 'Paragraph' or isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if ($Line['indent'] &lt; 4 and chop(chop($Line['text'], ' '), $Line['text'][0]) === '')
            {
                $Block['element']['name'] = $Line['text'][0] === '=' ? 'h1' : 'h2';

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        #
        # Markup

        protected function blockMarkup($Line)
        {
            if ($this-&gt;markupEscaped or $this-&gt;safeMode)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (preg_match('/^&lt;[\/]?+(\w*)(?:[ ]*+'.$this-&gt;regexHtmlAttribute.')*+[ ]*+(\/)?&gt;/', $Line['text'], $matches))
            {
                $element = strtolower($matches[1]);

                if (in_array($element, $this-&gt;textLevelElements))
                {
                    return;
                }

                $Block = array(
                    'name' =&gt; $matches[1],
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'rawHtml' =&gt; $Line['text'],
                        'autobreak' =&gt; true,
                    ),
                );

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        protected function blockMarkupContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['closed']) or isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            $Block['element']['rawHtml'] .= &quot;\n&quot; . $Line['body'];

            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Reference

        protected function blockReference($Line)
        {
            if (strpos($Line['text'], ']') !== false
                and preg_match('/^\[(.+?)\]:[ ]*+&lt;?(\S+?)&gt;?(?:[ ]+[&quot;\'(](.+)[&quot;\')])?[ ]*+$/', $Line['text'], $matches)
            ) {
                $id = strtolower($matches[1]);

                $Data = array(
                    'url' =&gt; $matches[2],
                    'title' =&gt; isset($matches[3]) ? $matches[3] : null,
                );

                $this-&gt;DefinitionData['Reference'][$id] = $Data;

                $Block = array(
                    'element' =&gt; array(),
                );

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        #
        # Table

        protected function blockTable($Line, ?array $Block = null)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Block) or $Block['type'] !== 'Paragraph' or isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if (
                strpos($Block['element']['handler']['argument'], '|') === false
                and strpos($Line['text'], '|') === false
                and strpos($Line['text'], ':') === false
                or strpos($Block['element']['handler']['argument'], &quot;\n&quot;) !== false
            ) {
                return;
            }

            if (chop($Line['text'], ' -:|') !== '')
            {
                return;
            }

            $alignments = array();

            $divider = $Line['text'];

            $divider = trim($divider);
            $divider = trim($divider, '|');

            $dividerCells = explode('|', $divider);

            foreach ($dividerCells as $dividerCell)
            {
                $dividerCell = trim($dividerCell);

                if ($dividerCell === '')
                {
                    return;
                }

                $alignment = null;

                if ($dividerCell[0] === ':')
                {
                    $alignment = 'left';
                }

                if (substr($dividerCell, - 1) === ':')
                {
                    $alignment = $alignment === 'left' ? 'center' : 'right';
                }

                $alignments []= $alignment;
            }

            # ~

            $HeaderElements = array();

            $header = $Block['element']['handler']['argument'];

            $header = trim($header);
            $header = trim($header, '|');

            $headerCells = explode('|', $header);

            if (count($headerCells) !== count($alignments))
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach ($headerCells as $index =&gt; $headerCell)
            {
                $headerCell = trim($headerCell);

                $HeaderElement = array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'th',
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                        'argument' =&gt; $headerCell,
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                    )
                );

                if (isset($alignments[$index]))
                {
                    $alignment = $alignments[$index];

                    $HeaderElement['attributes'] = array(
                        'style' =&gt; &quot;text-align: $alignment;&quot;,
                    );
                }

                $HeaderElements []= $HeaderElement;
            }

            # ~

            $Block = array(
                'alignments' =&gt; $alignments,
                'identified' =&gt; true,
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'table',
                    'elements' =&gt; array(),
                ),
            );

            $Block['element']['elements'] []= array(
                'name' =&gt; 'thead',
            );

            $Block['element']['elements'] []= array(
                'name' =&gt; 'tbody',
                'elements' =&gt; array(),
            );

            $Block['element']['elements'][0]['elements'] []= array(
                'name' =&gt; 'tr',
                'elements' =&gt; $HeaderElements,
            );

            return $Block;
        }

        protected function blockTableContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            if (count($Block['alignments']) === 1 or $Line['text'][0] === '|' or strpos($Line['text'], '|'))
            {
                $Elements = array();

                $row = $Line['text'];

                $row = trim($row);
                $row = trim($row, '|');

                preg_match_all('/(?:(\\\\[|])|[^|`]|`[^`]++`|`)++/', $row, $matches);

                $cells = array_slice($matches[0], 0, count($Block['alignments']));

                foreach ($cells as $index =&gt; $cell)
                {
                    $cell = trim($cell);

                    $Element = array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'td',
                        'handler' =&gt; array(
                            'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                            'argument' =&gt; $cell,
                            'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                        )
                    );

                    if (isset($Block['alignments'][$index]))
                    {
                        $Element['attributes'] = array(
                            'style' =&gt; 'text-align: ' . $Block['alignments'][$index] . ';',
                        );
                    }

                    $Elements []= $Element;
                }

                $Element = array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'tr',
                    'elements' =&gt; $Elements,
                );

                $Block['element']['elements'][1]['elements'] []= $Element;

                return $Block;
            }
        }

        #
        # ~
        #

        protected function paragraph($Line)
        {
            return array(
                'type' =&gt; 'Paragraph',
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'p',
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                        'argument' =&gt; $Line['text'],
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                    ),
                ),
            );
        }

        protected function paragraphContinue($Line, array $Block)
        {
            if (isset($Block['interrupted']))
            {
                return;
            }

            $Block['element']['handler']['argument'] .= &quot;\n&quot;.$Line['text'];

            return $Block;
        }

        #
        # Inline Elements
        #

        protected $InlineTypes = array(
            '!' =&gt; array('Image'),
            '&amp;' =&gt; array('SpecialCharacter'),
            '*' =&gt; array('Emphasis'),
            ':' =&gt; array('Url'),
            '&lt;' =&gt; array('UrlTag', 'EmailTag', 'Markup'),
            '[' =&gt; array('Link'),
            '_' =&gt; array('Emphasis'),
            '`' =&gt; array('Code'),
            '~' =&gt; array('Strikethrough'),
            '\\' =&gt; array('EscapeSequence'),
        );

        # ~

        protected $inlineMarkerList = '!*_&amp;[:&lt;`~\\';

        #
        # ~
        #

        public function line($text, $nonNestables = array())
        {
            return $this-&gt;elements($this-&gt;lineElements($text, $nonNestables));
        }

        protected function lineElements($text, $nonNestables = array())
        {
            # standardize line breaks
            $text = str_replace(array(&quot;\r\n&quot;, &quot;\r&quot;), &quot;\n&quot;, $text);

            $Elements = array();

            $nonNestables = (empty($nonNestables)
                ? array()
                : array_combine($nonNestables, $nonNestables)
            );

            # $excerpt is based on the first occurrence of a marker

            while ($excerpt = strpbrk($text, $this-&gt;inlineMarkerList))
            {
                $marker = $excerpt[0];

                $markerPosition = strlen($text) - strlen($excerpt);

                $Excerpt = array('text' =&gt; $excerpt, 'context' =&gt; $text);

                foreach ($this-&gt;InlineTypes[$marker] as $inlineType)
                {
                    # check to see if the current inline type is nestable in the current context

                    if (isset($nonNestables[$inlineType]))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $Inline = $this-&gt;{&quot;inline$inlineType&quot;}($Excerpt);

                    if ( ! isset($Inline))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    # makes sure that the inline belongs to &quot;our&quot; marker

                    if (isset($Inline['position']) and $Inline['position'] &gt; $markerPosition)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    # sets a default inline position

                    if ( ! isset($Inline['position']))
                    {
                        $Inline['position'] = $markerPosition;
                    }

                    # cause the new element to 'inherit' our non nestables


                    $Inline['element']['nonNestables'] = isset($Inline['element']['nonNestables'])
                        ? array_merge($Inline['element']['nonNestables'], $nonNestables)
                        : $nonNestables
                    ;

                    # the text that comes before the inline
                    $unmarkedText = substr($text, 0, $Inline['position']);

                    # compile the unmarked text
                    $InlineText = $this-&gt;inlineText($unmarkedText);
                    $Elements[] = $InlineText['element'];

                    # compile the inline
                    $Elements[] = $this-&gt;extractElement($Inline);

                    # remove the examined text
                    $text = substr($text, $Inline['position'] + $Inline['extent']);

                    continue 2;
                }

                # the marker does not belong to an inline

                $unmarkedText = substr($text, 0, $markerPosition + 1);

                $InlineText = $this-&gt;inlineText($unmarkedText);
                $Elements[] = $InlineText['element'];

                $text = substr($text, $markerPosition + 1);
            }

            $InlineText = $this-&gt;inlineText($text);
            $Elements[] = $InlineText['element'];

            foreach ($Elements as &amp;$Element)
            {
                if ( ! isset($Element['autobreak']))
                {
                    $Element['autobreak'] = false;
                }
            }

            return $Elements;
        }

        #
        # ~
        #

        protected function inlineText($text)
        {
            $Inline = array(
                'extent' =&gt; strlen($text),
                'element' =&gt; array(),
            );

            $Inline['element']['elements'] = self::pregReplaceElements(
                $this-&gt;breaksEnabled ? '/[ ]*+\n/' : '/(?:[ ]*+\\\\|[ ]{2,}+)\n/',
                array(
                    array('name' =&gt; 'br'),
                    array('text' =&gt; &quot;\n&quot;),
                ),
                $text
            );

            return $Inline;
        }

        protected function inlineCode($Excerpt)
        {
            $marker = $Excerpt['text'][0];

            if (preg_match('/^(['.$marker.']++)[ ]*+(.+?)[ ]*+(?&lt;!['.$marker.'])\1(?!'.$marker.')/s', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                $text = $matches[2];
                $text = preg_replace('/[ ]*+\n/', ' ', $text);

                return array(
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'code',
                        'text' =&gt; $text,
                    ),
                );
            }
        }

        protected function inlineEmailTag($Excerpt)
        {
            $hostnameLabel = '[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?';

            $commonMarkEmail = '[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&amp;\'*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]++@'
                . $hostnameLabel . '(?:\.' . $hostnameLabel . ')*';

            if (strpos($Excerpt['text'], '&gt;') !== false
                and preg_match(&quot;/^&lt;((mailto:)?$commonMarkEmail)&gt;/i&quot;, $Excerpt['text'], $matches)
            ){
                $url = $matches[1];

                if ( ! isset($matches[2]))
                {
                    $url = &quot;mailto:$url&quot;;
                }

                return array(
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'a',
                        'text' =&gt; $matches[1],
                        'attributes' =&gt; array(
                            'href' =&gt; $url,
                        ),
                    ),
                );
            }
        }

        protected function inlineEmphasis($Excerpt)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Excerpt['text'][1]))
            {
                return;
            }

            $marker = $Excerpt['text'][0];

            if ($Excerpt['text'][1] === $marker and preg_match($this-&gt;StrongRegex[$marker], $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                $emphasis = 'strong';
            }
            elseif (preg_match($this-&gt;EmRegex[$marker], $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                $emphasis = 'em';
            }
            else
            {
                return;
            }

            return array(
                'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; $emphasis,
                    'handler' =&gt; array(
                        'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                        'argument' =&gt; $matches[1],
                        'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                    )
                ),
            );
        }

        protected function inlineEscapeSequence($Excerpt)
        {
            if (isset($Excerpt['text'][1]) and in_array($Excerpt['text'][1], $this-&gt;specialCharacters))
            {
                return array(
                    'element' =&gt; array('rawHtml' =&gt; $Excerpt['text'][1]),
                    'extent' =&gt; 2,
                );
            }
        }

        protected function inlineImage($Excerpt)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Excerpt['text'][1]) or $Excerpt['text'][1] !== '[')
            {
                return;
            }

            $Excerpt['text']= substr($Excerpt['text'], 1);

            $Link = $this-&gt;inlineLink($Excerpt);

            if ($Link === null)
            {
                return;
            }

            $Inline = array(
                'extent' =&gt; $Link['extent'] + 1,
                'element' =&gt; array(
                    'name' =&gt; 'img',
                    'attributes' =&gt; array(
                        'src' =&gt; $Link['element']['attributes']['href'],
                        'alt' =&gt; $Link['element']['handler']['argument'],
                    ),
                    'autobreak' =&gt; true,
                ),
            );

            $Inline['element']['attributes'] += $Link['element']['attributes'];

            unset($Inline['element']['attributes']['href']);

            return $Inline;
        }

        protected function inlineLink($Excerpt)
        {
            $Element = array(
                'name' =&gt; 'a',
                'handler' =&gt; array(
                    'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                    'argument' =&gt; null,
                    'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                ),
                'nonNestables' =&gt; array('Url', 'Link'),
                'attributes' =&gt; array(
                    'href' =&gt; null,
                    'title' =&gt; null,
                ),
            );

            $extent = 0;

            $remainder = $Excerpt['text'];

            if (preg_match('/\[((?:[^][]++|(?R))*+)\]/', $remainder, $matches))
            {
                $Element['handler']['argument'] = $matches[1];

                $extent += strlen($matches[0]);

                $remainder = substr($remainder, $extent);
            }
            else
            {
                return;
            }

            if (preg_match('/^[(]\s*+((?:[^ ()]++|[(][^ )]+[)])++)(?:[ ]+(&quot;[^&quot;]*+&quot;|\'[^\']*+\'))?\s*+[)]/', $remainder, $matches))
            {
                $Element['attributes']['href'] = $matches[1];

                if (isset($matches[2]))
                {
                    $Element['attributes']['title'] = substr($matches[2], 1, - 1);
                }

                $extent += strlen($matches[0]);
            }
            else
            {
                if (preg_match('/^\s*\[(.*?)\]/', $remainder, $matches))
                {
                    $definition = strlen($matches[1]) ? $matches[1] : $Element['handler']['argument'];
                    $definition = strtolower($definition);

                    $extent += strlen($matches[0]);
                }
                else
                {
                    $definition = strtolower($Element['handler']['argument']);
                }

                if ( ! isset($this-&gt;DefinitionData['Reference'][$definition]))
                {
                    return;
                }

                $Definition = $this-&gt;DefinitionData['Reference'][$definition];

                $Element['attributes']['href'] = $Definition['url'];
                $Element['attributes']['title'] = $Definition['title'];
            }

            return array(
                'extent' =&gt; $extent,
                'element' =&gt; $Element,
            );
        }

        protected function inlineMarkup($Excerpt)
        {
            if ($this-&gt;markupEscaped or $this-&gt;safeMode or strpos($Excerpt['text'], '&gt;') === false)
            {
                return;
            }

            if ($Excerpt['text'][1] === '/' and preg_match('/^&lt;\/\w[\w-]*+[ ]*+&gt;/s', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                return array(
                    'element' =&gt; array('rawHtml' =&gt; $matches[0]),
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                );
            }

            if ($Excerpt['text'][1] === '!' and preg_match('/^&lt;!---?[^&gt;-](?:-?+[^-])*--&gt;/s', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                return array(
                    'element' =&gt; array('rawHtml' =&gt; $matches[0]),
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                );
            }

            if ($Excerpt['text'][1] !== ' ' and preg_match('/^&lt;\w[\w-]*+(?:[ ]*+'.$this-&gt;regexHtmlAttribute.')*+[ ]*+\/?&gt;/s', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                return array(
                    'element' =&gt; array('rawHtml' =&gt; $matches[0]),
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                );
            }
        }

        protected function inlineSpecialCharacter($Excerpt)
        {
            if (substr($Excerpt['text'], 1, 1) !== ' ' and strpos($Excerpt['text'], ';') !== false
                and preg_match('/^&amp;(#?+[0-9a-zA-Z]++);/', $Excerpt['text'], $matches)
            ) {
                return array(
                    'element' =&gt; array('rawHtml' =&gt; '&amp;' . $matches[1] . ';'),
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                );
            }

            return;
        }

        protected function inlineStrikethrough($Excerpt)
        {
            if ( ! isset($Excerpt['text'][1]))
            {
                return;
            }

            if ($Excerpt['text'][1] === '~' and preg_match('/^~~(?=\S)(.+?)(?&lt;=\S)~~/', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                return array(
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'del',
                        'handler' =&gt; array(
                            'function' =&gt; 'lineElements',
                            'argument' =&gt; $matches[1],
                            'destination' =&gt; 'elements',
                        )
                    ),
                );
            }
        }

        protected function inlineUrl($Excerpt)
        {
            if ($this-&gt;urlsLinked !== true or ! isset($Excerpt['text'][2]) or $Excerpt['text'][2] !== '/')
            {
                return;
            }

            if (strpos($Excerpt['context'], 'http') !== false
                and preg_match('/\bhttps?+:[\/]{2}[^\s&lt;]+\b\/*+/ui', $Excerpt['context'], $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)
            ) {
                $url = $matches[0][0];

                $Inline = array(
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0][0]),
                    'position' =&gt; $matches[0][1],
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'a',
                        'text' =&gt; $url,
                        'attributes' =&gt; array(
                            'href' =&gt; $url,
                        ),
                    ),
                );

                return $Inline;
            }
        }

        protected function inlineUrlTag($Excerpt)
        {
            if (strpos($Excerpt['text'], '&gt;') !== false and preg_match('/^&lt;(\w++:\/{2}[^ &gt;]++)&gt;/i', $Excerpt['text'], $matches))
            {
                $url = $matches[1];

                return array(
                    'extent' =&gt; strlen($matches[0]),
                    'element' =&gt; array(
                        'name' =&gt; 'a',
                        'text' =&gt; $url,
                        'attributes' =&gt; array(
                            'href' =&gt; $url,
                        ),
                    ),
                );
            }
        }

        # ~

        protected function unmarkedText($text)
        {
            $Inline = $this-&gt;inlineText($text);
            return $this-&gt;element($Inline['element']);
        }

        #
        # Handlers
        #

        protected function handle(array $Element)
        {
            if (isset($Element['handler']))
            {
                if (!isset($Element['nonNestables']))
                {
                    $Element['nonNestables'] = array();
                }

                if (is_string($Element['handler']))
                {
                    $function = $Element['handler'];
                    $argument = $Element['text'];
                    unset($Element['text']);
                    $destination = 'rawHtml';
                }
                else
                {
                    $function = $Element['handler']['function'];
                    $argument = $Element['handler']['argument'];
                    $destination = $Element['handler']['destination'];
                }

                $Element[$destination] = $this-&gt;{$function}($argument, $Element['nonNestables']);

                if ($destination === 'handler')
                {
                    $Element = $this-&gt;handle($Element);
                }

                unset($Element['handler']);
            }

            return $Element;
        }

        protected function handleElementRecursive(array $Element)
        {
            return $this-&gt;elementApplyRecursive(array($this, 'handle'), $Element);
        }

        protected function handleElementsRecursive(array $Elements)
        {
            return $this-&gt;elementsApplyRecursive(array($this, 'handle'), $Elements);
        }

        protected function elementApplyRecursive($closure, array $Element)
        {
            $Element = call_user_func($closure, $Element);

            if (isset($Element['elements']))
            {
                $Element['elements'] = $this-&gt;elementsApplyRecursive($closure, $Element['elements']);
            }
            elseif (isset($Element['element']))
            {
                $Element['element'] = $this-&gt;elementApplyRecursive($closure, $Element['element']);
            }

            return $Element;
        }

        protected function elementApplyRecursiveDepthFirst($closure, array $Element)
        {
            if (isset($Element['elements']))
            {
                $Element['elements'] = $this-&gt;elementsApplyRecursiveDepthFirst($closure, $Element['elements']);
            }
            elseif (isset($Element['element']))
            {
                $Element['element'] = $this-&gt;elementsApplyRecursiveDepthFirst($closure, $Element['element']);
            }

            $Element = call_user_func($closure, $Element);

            return $Element;
        }

        protected function elementsApplyRecursive($closure, array $Elements)
        {
            foreach ($Elements as &amp;$Element)
            {
                $Element = $this-&gt;elementApplyRecursive($closure, $Element);
            }

            return $Elements;
        }

        protected function elementsApplyRecursiveDepthFirst($closure, array $Elements)
        {
            foreach ($Elements as &amp;$Element)
            {
                $Element = $this-&gt;elementApplyRecursiveDepthFirst($closure, $Element);
            }

            return $Elements;
        }

        protected function element(array $Element)
        {
            if ($this-&gt;safeMode)
            {
                $Element = $this-&gt;sanitiseElement($Element);
            }

            # identity map if element has no handler
            $Element = $this-&gt;handle($Element);

            $hasName = isset($Element['name']);

            $markup = '';

            if ($hasName)
            {
                $markup .= '&lt;' . $Element['name'];

                if (isset($Element['attributes']))
                {
                    foreach ($Element['attributes'] as $name =&gt; $value)
                    {
                        if ($value === null)
                        {
                            continue;
                        }

                        $markup .= &quot; $name=\&quot;&quot;.self::escape($value).'&quot;';
                    }
                }
            }

            $permitRawHtml = false;

            if (isset($Element['text']))
            {
                $text = $Element['text'];
            }
            // very strongly consider an alternative if you're writing an
            // extension
            elseif (isset($Element['rawHtml']))
            {
                $text = $Element['rawHtml'];

                $allowRawHtmlInSafeMode = isset($Element['allowRawHtmlInSafeMode']) &amp;&amp; $Element['allowRawHtmlInSafeMode'];
                $permitRawHtml = !$this-&gt;safeMode || $allowRawHtmlInSafeMode;
            }

            $hasContent = isset($text) || isset($Element['element']) || isset($Element['elements']);

            if ($hasContent)
            {
                $markup .= $hasName ? '&gt;' : '';

                if (isset($Element['elements']))
                {
                    $markup .= $this-&gt;elements($Element['elements']);
                }
                elseif (isset($Element['element']))
                {
                    $markup .= $this-&gt;element($Element['element']);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (!$permitRawHtml)
                    {
                        $markup .= self::escape($text, true);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $markup .= $text;
                    }
                }

                $markup .= $hasName ? '&lt;/' . $Element['name'] . '&gt;' : '';
            }
            elseif ($hasName)
            {
                $markup .= ' /&gt;';
            }

            return $markup;
        }

        protected function elements(array $Elements)
        {
            $markup = '';

            $autoBreak = true;

            foreach ($Elements as $Element)
            {
                if (empty($Element))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                $autoBreakNext = (isset($Element['autobreak'])
                    ? $Element['autobreak'] : isset($Element['name'])
                );
                // (autobreak === false) covers both sides of an element
                $autoBreak = !$autoBreak ? $autoBreak : $autoBreakNext;

                $markup .= ($autoBreak ? &quot;\n&quot; : '') . $this-&gt;element($Element);
                $autoBreak = $autoBreakNext;
            }

            $markup .= $autoBreak ? &quot;\n&quot; : '';

            return $markup;
        }

        # ~

        protected function li($lines)
        {
            $Elements = $this-&gt;linesElements($lines);

            if ( ! in_array('', $lines)
                and isset($Elements[0]) and isset($Elements[0]['name'])
                and $Elements[0]['name'] === 'p'
            ) {
                unset($Elements[0]['name']);
            }

            return $Elements;
        }

        #
        # AST Convenience
        #

        /**
         * Replace occurrences $regexp with $Elements in $text. Return an array of
         * elements representing the replacement.
         */
        protected static function pregReplaceElements($regexp, $Elements, $text)
        {
            $newElements = array();

            while (preg_match($regexp, $text, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE))
            {
                $offset = $matches[0][1];
                $before = substr($text, 0, $offset);
                $after = substr($text, $offset + strlen($matches[0][0]));

                $newElements[] = array('text' =&gt; $before);

                foreach ($Elements as $Element)
                {
                    $newElements[] = $Element;
                }

                $text = $after;
            }

            $newElements[] = array('text' =&gt; $text);

            return $newElements;
        }

        #
        # Deprecated Methods
        #

        function parse($text)
        {
            $markup = $this-&gt;text($text);

            return $markup;
        }

        protected function sanitiseElement(array $Element)
        {
            static $goodAttribute = '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-_]*+$/';
            static $safeUrlNameToAtt  = array(
                'a'   =&gt; 'href',
                'img' =&gt; 'src',
            );

            if ( ! isset($Element['name']))
            {
                unset($Element['attributes']);
                return $Element;
            }

            if (isset($safeUrlNameToAtt[$Element['name']]))
            {
                $Element = $this-&gt;filterUnsafeUrlInAttribute($Element, $safeUrlNameToAtt[$Element['name']]);
            }

            if ( ! empty($Element['attributes']))
            {
                foreach ($Element['attributes'] as $att =&gt; $val)
                {
                    # filter out badly parsed attribute
                    if ( ! preg_match($goodAttribute, $att))
                    {
                        unset($Element['attributes'][$att]);
                    }
                    # dump onevent attribute
                    elseif (self::striAtStart($att, 'on'))
                    {
                        unset($Element['attributes'][$att]);
                    }
                }
            }

            return $Element;
        }

        protected function filterUnsafeUrlInAttribute(array $Element, $attribute)
        {
            foreach ($this-&gt;safeLinksWhitelist as $scheme)
            {
                if (self::striAtStart($Element['attributes'][$attribute], $scheme))
                {
                    return $Element;
                }
            }

            $Element['attributes'][$attribute] = str_replace(':', '%3A', $Element['attributes'][$attribute]);

            return $Element;
        }

        #
        # Static Methods
        #

        protected static function escape($text, $allowQuotes = false)
        {
            return htmlspecialchars($text, $allowQuotes ? ENT_NOQUOTES : ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
        }

        protected static function striAtStart($string, $needle)
        {
            $len = strlen($needle);

            if ($len &gt; strlen($string))
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                return strtolower(substr($string, 0, $len)) === strtolower($needle);
            }
        }

        static function instance($name = 'default')
        {
            if (isset(self::$instances[$name]))
            {
                return self::$instances[$name];
            }

            $instance = new static();

            self::$instances[$name] = $instance;

            return $instance;
        }

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        #
        # Fields
        #

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        #
        # Read-Only

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            '\\', '`', '*', '_', '{', '}', '[', ']', '(', ')', '&gt;', '#', '+', '-', '.', '!', '|', '~'
        );

        protected $StrongRegex = array(
            '*' =&gt; '/^[*]{2}((?:\\\\\*|[^*]|[*][^*]*+[*])+?)[*]{2}(?![*])/s',
            '_' =&gt; '/^__((?:\\\\_|[^_]|_[^_]*+_)+?)__(?!_)/us',
        );

        protected $EmRegex = array(
            '*' =&gt; '/^[*]((?:\\\\\*|[^*]|[*][*][^*]+?[*][*])+?)[*](?![*])/s',
            '_' =&gt; '/^_((?:\\\\_|[^_]|__[^_]*__)+?)_(?!_)\b/us',
        );

        protected $regexHtmlAttribute = '[a-zA-Z_:][\w:.-]*+(?:\s*+=\s*+(?:[^&quot;\'=&lt;&gt;`\s]+|&quot;[^&quot;]*+&quot;|\'[^\']*+\'))?+';

        protected $voidElements = array(
            'area', 'base', 'br', 'col', 'command', 'embed', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'link', 'meta', 'param', 'source',
        );

        protected $textLevelElements = array(
            'a', 'br', 'bdo', 'abbr', 'blink', 'nextid', 'acronym', 'basefont',
            'b', 'em', 'big', 'cite', 'small', 'spacer', 'listing',
            'i', 'rp', 'del', 'code',          'strike', 'marquee',
            'q', 'rt', 'ins', 'font',          'strong',
            's', 'tt', 'kbd', 'mark',
            'u', 'xm', 'sub', 'nobr',
                    'sup', 'ruby',
                    'var', 'span',
                    'wbr', 'time',
        );
    }
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			الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي ابتكار مذهل أم تهديد خفي ‏		</h1>

		<div class="single-post-meta post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">مايو 18, 2025</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-views meta-item hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 3٬224 </span><span class="meta-reading-time meta-item"><span class="tie-icon-bookmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> 2 دقائق</span> </div></div><!-- .post-meta -->	</div><!-- .entry-header /-->

	
	
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			<p><span style="color: #000000;"><em><strong>كتبت شروق عارف                                                                                                                           </strong></em></span><br />
في السنوات الأخيرة أصبحنا نلجا الي الذكاء الاصطناعي في كافة أمور حياتنا وذلك لقدرته علي توفير حلول سريعه وانجاز المهام بسرعه كبيرة ولكن علي الرغم من المساعدة الضخمة التي يقدمها الذكاء الاصطناعي لنا أصبحنا نغفل عن أمر مهم وهو هل اعتمادنا الكامل على الذكاء الاصطناعي قد يؤدي إلى تراجع قدرتنا الذهنية</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><strong>الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي سلاح ذو حدين</strong></em></span></p>
<p>أجرت شركة مايكروسوفت بالتعاون مع جامعة كارنيجي ميلون دراسة حديثة تقدم لنا إجابة حول تأثير الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي على المستخدمين حيث أشارت<br />
الدراسة إلى أن هذا النوع من الذكاء الاصطناعي يمكن أن يساعد في إنشاء محتوى مثل النصوص، الصور، الموسيقى، والفيديوهات وذلك باستخدام تقنيات كالشبكات العصبية التوليدية العميقة وذلك النوع قد يمثل سلاح ذو حدين فقد يؤدي الي تدني القدرات المعرفية او الي تقديم فوائد عديدة ويحدث ذلك حسب إستخدمنا ففي حالة اعتمدنا على الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي بشكل مستمر سوف يصل بنا الأمر لجعله يفكر بالنيابة عنا و الجدير بالذكر أن الباحثين يمتعون عن قول أن أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي قد تجعلك أكثر غباء لكن الدراسة أوضحت أن الاعتماد الكامل على أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليد يمكن أن تضعف قدرتنا على حل ‏ المشكلات التي قد تواجهنا في المستقبل وعلى جانب اخر يمكن أن يكون الذكاء الاصطناعي مفيد للغاية ويحدث ذلك عند استخدامه بطريقة مناسبة كأداة مساعدة وليس كبديل للعقل</p>
<p><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><strong>‏ كيف نحافظ على عقولنا وسط سيطرة الآلات</strong></em></span></p>
<p>لاستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي بطريقة صحيحة علينا اتباع عدة خطوات أساسية منها المحافظة على خصوصية بياناتنا بالإضافة إلى عدم مشاركته في أمور تتعلق بحياتنا الشخصية كما يجب علينا استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي كأداة مساعدة لإنجاز بعض المهام وليس كبديل للعقل فعلى سبيل المثال عند الاستعانة بالذكاء الاصطناعي لإنجاز مهمة معينة يمكننا إضافة تعديلاتنا الخاصة كما يجب علينا مراجعة دقة المعلومات المقدمة بواسطة الذكاء الاصطناعي لأن من الممكن أن تكون مندثه أو غير صحيحة</p>
<p>‏ اوضح الدكتور إبراهيم عبدالله أستاذ تكنولوجيا المعلومات في المعهد العالي للدراسات النوعية في مصر ومعهد البيان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا في الإمارات أن الاعتماد المتزايد على الذكاء الاصطناعي في حياتنا اليومية يحمل في طياته جانب سلبي واخر ايجابي فمن الناحيه السلبية يوجد العديد من التخصصات التي قد تندثر مثل خدمة العملاء والطب وغيرها من التخصصات التي قد تختفي<br />
كما قد يقل والإبداع والابتكار بشكل ملحوظ<br />
وعلي الجانب الإيجابي الذكاء الاصطناعي سهل الحصول علي افكار غير متناهيه</p>
<p>كما أكد دكتور إبراهيم علي ضرورة إعادة تصميم المناهج الدراسية حتي نكون قادرين علي انتاج الذكاء الاصطناعي وليس فقط مستخدمين كما وجه نصيحة شديدة اللهجة للطلاب الذي تعتمد بشكل كلي علي الذكاء الاصطناعي مؤكد أن ذلك سوف يهدم قدرتهم علي البحث والإنتاج و سيضعف قدراتهم كأفراد بشرية على أعمار عقولهم</p>
<p>لفت الدكتور إبراهيم نظرنا الي إحد إخطر المشكلات التي قد تواجهنا في المستقبل ان الذكاء الاصطناعي يدرك نفسه ويشعر بوجوده ويتحكم في الناس وقراراتهم لصالح مجموعه من الأشخاص او الشراكات او لصالحه هو شخصي</p>
<p>قال الدكتور كريم محمود أستاذ مساعد الذكاء الاصطناعي في معهد ا البيان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا إن الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي يمثل فرصة فريدة لتعزيز الإبداع البشري لكنه يحمل في طياته مخاطر أهمها تقليل الاعتماد على العقل والتفكير النقدي وذلك في حالة استخدم بشكل مفرط لذلك من الضروري وضع إطار تنظيمي وتعليمي يوجه الاستخدام الأمثل لهذه الأدوات بحيث تظل مساعدة وليست بديل للعقل والتفكير</p>
<p>و يبقي الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي سلاح مزدوج يمكن أن يوسع أفاق الإبداع والابتكار لدينا أو قد يؤدي إلى تراجع قدراتنا الإبداعية لذلك علينا أن ندرك أن الذكاء الاصطناعي في جميع أشكاله أداة مساعدة وليست بديل عن العقل كما يجب علينا استخدامه بحكمة لتحقيق التقدم دون الإغفال عن دورنا كأفراد بشرية في التفكير والابتكار</p>

			
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