// MarionetteJS (Backbone.Marionette) // ---------------------------------- // v2.4.2 // // Copyright (c)2015 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC. // Distributed under MIT license // // http://marionettejs.com /*! * Includes BabySitter * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter/ * * Includes Wreqr * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr/ */ (function(t,e){if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define(["backbone","underscore"],function(i,n){return t.Marionette=t.Mn=e(t,i,n)});else if("undefined"!=typeof exports){var i=require("backbone"),n=require("underscore");module.exports=e(t,i,n)}else t.Marionette=t.Mn=e(t,t.Backbone,t._)})(this,function(t,e,i){"use strict";(function(t,e){var i=t.ChildViewContainer;return t.ChildViewContainer=function(t,e){var i=function(t){this._views={},this._indexByModel={},this._indexByCustom={},this._updateLength(),e.each(t,this.add,this)};e.extend(i.prototype,{add:function(t,e){var i=t.cid;return this._views[i]=t,t.model&&(this._indexByModel[t.model.cid]=i),e&&(this._indexByCustom[e]=i),this._updateLength(),this},findByModel:function(t){return this.findByModelCid(t.cid)},findByModelCid:function(t){var e=this._indexByModel[t];return this.findByCid(e)},findByCustom:function(t){var e=this._indexByCustom[t];return this.findByCid(e)},findByIndex:function(t){return e.values(this._views)[t]},findByCid:function(t){return this._views[t]},remove:function(t){var i=t.cid;return t.model&&delete this._indexByModel[t.model.cid],e.any(this._indexByCustom,function(t,e){return t===i?(delete this._indexByCustom[e],!0):void 0},this),delete this._views[i],this._updateLength(),this},call:function(t){this.apply(t,e.tail(arguments))},apply:function(t,i){e.each(this._views,function(n){e.isFunction(n[t])&&n[t].apply(n,i||[])})},_updateLength:function(){this.length=e.size(this._views)}});var n=["forEach","each","map","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","toArray","first","initial","rest","last","without","isEmpty","pluck","reduce"];return e.each(n,function(t){i.prototype[t]=function(){var i=e.values(this._views),n=[i].concat(e.toArray(arguments));return e[t].apply(e,n)}}),i}(t,e),t.ChildViewContainer.VERSION="0.1.7",t.ChildViewContainer.noConflict=function(){return t.ChildViewContainer=i,this},t.ChildViewContainer})(e,i),function(t,e){var i=t.Wreqr,n=t.Wreqr={};return t.Wreqr.VERSION="1.3.3",t.Wreqr.noConflict=function(){return t.Wreqr=i,this},n.Handlers=function(t,e){var i=function(t){this.options=t,this._wreqrHandlers={},e.isFunction(this.initialize)&&this.initialize(t)};return i.extend=t.Model.extend,e.extend(i.prototype,t.Events,{setHandlers:function(t){e.each(t,function(t,i){var n=null;e.isObject(t)&&!e.isFunction(t)&&(n=t.context,t=t.callback),this.setHandler(i,t,n)},this)},setHandler:function(t,e,i){var n={callback:e,context:i};this._wreqrHandlers[t]=n,this.trigger("handler:add",t,e,i)},hasHandler:function(t){return!!this._wreqrHandlers[t]},getHandler:function(t){var e=this._wreqrHandlers[t];if(e)return function(){return e.callback.apply(e.context,arguments)}},removeHandler:function(t){delete this._wreqrHandlers[t]},removeAllHandlers:function(){this._wreqrHandlers={}}}),i}(t,e),n.CommandStorage=function(){var i=function(t){this.options=t,this._commands={},e.isFunction(this.initialize)&&this.initialize(t)};return e.extend(i.prototype,t.Events,{getCommands:function(t){var e=this._commands[t];return e||(e={command:t,instances:[]},this._commands[t]=e),e},addCommand:function(t,e){var i=this.getCommands(t);i.instances.push(e)},clearCommands:function(t){var e=this.getCommands(t);e.instances=[]}}),i}(),n.Commands=function(t,e){return t.Handlers.extend({storageType:t.CommandStorage,constructor:function(e){this.options=e||{},this._initializeStorage(this.options),this.on("handler:add",this._executeCommands,this),t.Handlers.prototype.constructor.apply(this,arguments)},execute:function(t){t=arguments[0];var i=e.rest(arguments);this.hasHandler(t)?this.getHandler(t).apply(this,i):this.storage.addCommand(t,i)},_executeCommands:function(t,i,n){var r=this.storage.getCommands(t);e.each(r.instances,function(t){i.apply(n,t)}),this.storage.clearCommands(t)},_initializeStorage:function(t){var i,n=t.storageType||this.storageType;i=e.isFunction(n)?new n:n,this.storage=i}})}(n,e),n.RequestResponse=function(t,e){return t.Handlers.extend({request:function(t){return this.hasHandler(t)?this.getHandler(t).apply(this,e.rest(arguments)):void 0}})}(n,e),n.EventAggregator=function(t,e){var i=function(){};return i.extend=t.Model.extend,e.extend(i.prototype,t.Events),i}(t,e),n.Channel=function(){var i=function(e){this.vent=new t.Wreqr.EventAggregator,this.reqres=new t.Wreqr.RequestResponse,this.commands=new t.Wreqr.Commands,this.channelName=e};return e.extend(i.prototype,{reset:function(){return this.vent.off(),this.vent.stopListening(),this.reqres.removeAllHandlers(),this.commands.removeAllHandlers(),this},connectEvents:function(t,e){return this._connect("vent",t,e),this},connectCommands:function(t,e){return this._connect("commands",t,e),this},connectRequests:function(t,e){return this._connect("reqres",t,e),this},_connect:function(t,i,n){if(i){n=n||this;var r="vent"===t?"on":"setHandler";e.each(i,function(i,s){this[t][r](s,e.bind(i,n))},this)}}}),i}(n),n.radio=function(t,e){var i=function(){this._channels={},this.vent={},this.commands={},this.reqres={},this._proxyMethods()};e.extend(i.prototype,{channel:function(t){if(!t)throw Error("Channel must receive a name");return this._getChannel(t)},_getChannel:function(e){var i=this._channels[e];return i||(i=new t.Channel(e),this._channels[e]=i),i},_proxyMethods:function(){e.each(["vent","commands","reqres"],function(t){e.each(n[t],function(e){this[t][e]=r(this,t,e)},this)},this)}});var n={vent:["on","off","trigger","once","stopListening","listenTo","listenToOnce"],commands:["execute","setHandler","setHandlers","removeHandler","removeAllHandlers"],reqres:["request","setHandler","setHandlers","removeHandler","removeAllHandlers"]},r=function(t,i,n){return function(r){var s=t._getChannel(r)[i];return s[n].apply(s,e.rest(arguments))}};return new i}(n,e),t.Wreqr}(e,i);var n=t.Marionette,r=t.Mn,s=e.Marionette={};s.VERSION="2.4.2",s.noConflict=function(){return t.Marionette=n,t.Mn=r,this},e.Marionette=s,s.Deferred=e.$.Deferred,s.extend=e.Model.extend,s.isNodeAttached=function(t){return e.$.contains(document.documentElement,t)},s.mergeOptions=function(t,e){t&&i.extend(this,i.pick(t,e))},s.getOption=function(t,e){return t&&e?t.options&&void 0!==t.options[e]?t.options[e]:t[e]:void 0},s.proxyGetOption=function(t){return s.getOption(this,t)},s._getValue=function(t,e,n){return i.isFunction(t)&&(t=n?t.apply(e,n):t.call(e)),t},s.normalizeMethods=function(t){return i.reduce(t,function(t,e,n){return i.isFunction(e)||(e=this[e]),e&&(t[n]=e),t},{},this)},s.normalizeUIString=function(t,e){return t.replace(/@ui\.[a-zA-Z_$0-9]*/g,function(t){return e[t.slice(4)]})},s.normalizeUIKeys=function(t,e){return i.reduce(t,function(t,i,n){var r=s.normalizeUIString(n,e);return t[r]=i,t},{})},s.normalizeUIValues=function(t,e,n){return i.each(t,function(r,o){i.isString(r)?t[o]=s.normalizeUIString(r,e):i.isObject(r)&&i.isArray(n)&&(i.extend(r,s.normalizeUIValues(i.pick(r,n),e)),i.each(n,function(t){var n=r[t];i.isString(n)&&(r[t]=s.normalizeUIString(n,e))}))}),t},s.actAsCollection=function(t,e){var n=["forEach","each","map","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","toArray","first","initial","rest","last","without","isEmpty","pluck"];i.each(n,function(n){t[n]=function(){var t=i.values(i.result(this,e)),r=[t].concat(i.toArray(arguments));return i[n].apply(i,r)}})};var o=s.deprecate=function(t,e){i.isObject(t)&&(t=t.prev+" is going to be removed in the future. "+"Please use "+t.next+" instead."+(t.url?" See: "+t.url:"")),void 0!==e&&e||o._cache[t]||(o._warn("Deprecation warning: "+t),o._cache[t]=!0)};o._warn="undefined"!=typeof console&&(console.warn||console.log)||function(){},o._cache={},s._triggerMethod=function(){function t(t,e,i){return i.toUpperCase()}var e=/(^|:)(\w)/gi;return function(n,r,s){var o=3>arguments.length;o&&(s=r,r=s[0]);var h,a="on"+r.replace(e,t),d=n[a];return i.isFunction(d)&&(h=d.apply(n,o?i.rest(s):s)),i.isFunction(n.trigger)&&(o+s.length>1?n.trigger.apply(n,o?s:[r].concat(i.drop(s,0))):n.trigger(r)),h}}(),s.triggerMethod=function(){return s._triggerMethod(this,arguments)},s.triggerMethodOn=function(t){var e=i.isFunction(t.triggerMethod)?t.triggerMethod:s.triggerMethod;return e.apply(t,i.rest(arguments))},s.MonitorDOMRefresh=function(t){function e(){t._isShown=!0,r()}function n(){t._isRendered=!0,r()}function r(){t._isShown&&t._isRendered&&s.isNodeAttached(t.el)&&i.isFunction(t.triggerMethod)&&t.triggerMethod("dom:refresh")}t.on({show:e,render:n})},function(t){function e(e,n,r,s){var o=s.split(/\s+/);i.each(o,function(i){var s=e[i];if(!s)throw new t.Error('Method "'+i+'" was configured as an event handler, but does not exist.');e.listenTo(n,r,s)})}function n(t,e,i,n){t.listenTo(e,i,n)}function r(t,e,n,r){var s=r.split(/\s+/);i.each(s,function(i){var r=t[i];t.stopListening(e,n,r)})}function s(t,e,i,n){t.stopListening(e,i,n)}function o(e,n,r,s,o){if(n&&r){if(!i.isObject(r))throw new t.Error({message:"Bindings must be an object or function.",url:"marionette.functions.html#marionettebindentityevents"});r=t._getValue(r,e),i.each(r,function(t,r){i.isFunction(t)?s(e,n,r,t):o(e,n,r,t)})}}t.bindEntityEvents=function(t,i,r){o(t,i,r,n,e)},t.unbindEntityEvents=function(t,e,i){o(t,e,i,s,r)},t.proxyBindEntityEvents=function(e,i){return t.bindEntityEvents(this,e,i)},t.proxyUnbindEntityEvents=function(e,i){return t.unbindEntityEvents(this,e,i)}}(s);var h=["description","fileName","lineNumber","name","message","number"];return s.Error=s.extend.call(Error,{urlRoot:"http://marionettejs.com/docs/v"+s.VERSION+"/",constructor:function(t,e){i.isObject(t)?(e=t,t=e.message):e||(e={});var n=Error.call(this,t);i.extend(this,i.pick(n,h),i.pick(e,h)),this.captureStackTrace(),e.url&&(this.url=this.urlRoot+e.url)},captureStackTrace:function(){Error.captureStackTrace&&Error.captureStackTrace(this,s.Error)},toString:function(){return this.name+": "+this.message+(this.url?" See: "+this.url:"")}}),s.Error.extend=s.extend,s.Callbacks=function(){this._deferred=s.Deferred(),this._callbacks=[]},i.extend(s.Callbacks.prototype,{add:function(t,e){var n=i.result(this._deferred,"promise");this._callbacks.push({cb:t,ctx:e}),n.then(function(i){e&&(i.context=e),t.call(i.context,i.options)})},run:function(t,e){this._deferred.resolve({options:t,context:e})},reset:function(){var t=this._callbacks;this._deferred=s.Deferred(),this._callbacks=[],i.each(t,function(t){this.add(t.cb,t.ctx)},this)}}),s.Controller=function(t){this.options=t||{},i.isFunction(this.initialize)&&this.initialize(this.options)},s.Controller.extend=s.extend,i.extend(s.Controller.prototype,e.Events,{destroy:function(){return s._triggerMethod(this,"before:destroy",arguments),s._triggerMethod(this,"destroy",arguments),this.stopListening(),this.off(),this},triggerMethod:s.triggerMethod,mergeOptions:s.mergeOptions,getOption:s.proxyGetOption}),s.Object=function(t){this.options=i.extend({},i.result(this,"options"),t),this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)},s.Object.extend=s.extend,i.extend(s.Object.prototype,e.Events,{initialize:function(){},destroy:function(){return this.triggerMethod("before:destroy"),this.triggerMethod("destroy"),this.stopListening(),this},triggerMethod:s.triggerMethod,mergeOptions:s.mergeOptions,getOption:s.proxyGetOption,bindEntityEvents:s.proxyBindEntityEvents,unbindEntityEvents:s.proxyUnbindEntityEvents}),s.Region=s.Object.extend({constructor:function(t){if(this.options=t||{},this.el=this.getOption("el"),this.el=this.el instanceof e.$?this.el[0]:this.el,!this.el)throw new s.Error({name:"NoElError",message:'An "el" must be specified for a region.'});this.$el=this.getEl(this.el),s.Object.call(this,t)},show:function(t,e){if(this._ensureElement()){this._ensureViewIsIntact(t);var n=e||{},r=t!==this.currentView,o=!!n.preventDestroy,h=!!n.forceShow,a=!!this.currentView,d=r&&!o,l=r||h;if(a&&this.triggerMethod("before:swapOut",this.currentView,this,e),this.currentView&&delete this.currentView._parent,d?this.empty():a&&l&&this.currentView.off("destroy",this.empty,this),l){t.once("destroy",this.empty,this),t.render(),t._parent=this,a&&this.triggerMethod("before:swap",t,this,e),this.triggerMethod("before:show",t,this,e),s.triggerMethodOn(t,"before:show",t,this,e),a&&this.triggerMethod("swapOut",this.currentView,this,e);var c=s.isNodeAttached(this.el),u=[],g=i.extend({triggerBeforeAttach:this.triggerBeforeAttach,triggerAttach:this.triggerAttach},n);return c&&g.triggerBeforeAttach&&(u=this._displayedViews(t),this._triggerAttach(u,"before:")),this.attachHtml(t),this.currentView=t,c&&g.triggerAttach&&(u=this._displayedViews(t),this._triggerAttach(u)),a&&this.triggerMethod("swap",t,this,e),this.triggerMethod("show",t,this,e),s.triggerMethodOn(t,"show",t,this,e),this}return this}},triggerBeforeAttach:!0,triggerAttach:!0,_triggerAttach:function(t,e){var n=(e||"")+"attach";i.each(t,function(t){s.triggerMethodOn(t,n,t,this)},this)},_displayedViews:function(t){return i.union([t],i.result(t,"_getNestedViews")||[])},_ensureElement:function(){if(i.isObject(this.el)||(this.$el=this.getEl(this.el),this.el=this.$el[0]),!this.$el||0===this.$el.length){if(this.getOption("allowMissingEl"))return!1;throw new s.Error('An "el" '+this.$el.selector+" must exist in DOM")}return!0},_ensureViewIsIntact:function(t){if(!t)throw new s.Error({name:"ViewNotValid",message:"The view passed is undefined and therefore invalid. You must pass a view instance to show."});if(t.isDestroyed)throw new s.Error({name:"ViewDestroyedError",message:'View (cid: "'+t.cid+'") has already been destroyed and cannot be used.'})},getEl:function(t){return e.$(t,s._getValue(this.options.parentEl,this))},attachHtml:function(t){this.$el.contents().detach(),this.el.appendChild(t.el)},empty:function(t){var e=this.currentView,i=s._getValue(t,"preventDestroy",this);return e?(e.off("destroy",this.empty,this),this.triggerMethod("before:empty",e),i||this._destroyView(),this.triggerMethod("empty",e),delete this.currentView,i&&this.$el.contents().detach(),this):void 0},_destroyView:function(){var t=this.currentView;t.destroy&&!t.isDestroyed?t.destroy():t.remove&&(t.remove(),t.isDestroyed=!0)},attachView:function(t){return this.currentView=t,this},hasView:function(){return!!this.currentView},reset:function(){return this.empty(),this.$el&&(this.el=this.getOption('el')),delete this.$el,this}},{buildRegion:function(t,e){if(i.isString(t))return this._buildRegionFromSelector(t,e);if(t.selector||t.el||t.regionClass)return this._buildRegionFromObject(t,e);if(i.isFunction(t))return this._buildRegionFromRegionClass(t);throw new s.Error({message:"Improper region configuration type.",url:"marionette.region.html#region-configuration-types"})},_buildRegionFromSelector:function(t,e){return new e({el:t})},_buildRegionFromObject:function(t,e){var n=t.regionClass||e,r=i.omit(t,"selector","regionClass");return t.selector&&!r.el&&(r.el=t.selector),new n(r)},_buildRegionFromRegionClass:function(t){return new t}}),s.RegionManager=s.Controller.extend({constructor:function(t){this._regions={},this.length=0,s.Controller.call(this,t),this.addRegions(this.getOption("regions"))},addRegions:function(t,e){return t=s._getValue(t,this,arguments),i.reduce(t,function(t,n,r){return i.isString(n)&&(n={selector:n}),n.selector&&(n=i.defaults({},n,e)),t[r]=this.addRegion(r,n),t},{},this)},addRegion:function(t,e){var i;return i=e instanceof s.Region?e:s.Region.buildRegion(e,s.Region),this.triggerMethod("before:add:region",t,i),i._parent=this,this._store(t,i),this.triggerMethod("add:region",t,i),i},get:function(t){return this._regions[t]},getRegions:function(){return i.clone(this._regions)},removeRegion:function(t){var e=this._regions[t];return this._remove(t,e),e},removeRegions:function(){var t=this.getRegions();return i.each(this._regions,function(t,e){this._remove(e,t)},this),t},emptyRegions:function(){var t=this.getRegions();return i.invoke(t,"empty"),t},destroy:function(){return this.removeRegions(),s.Controller.prototype.destroy.apply(this,arguments)},_store:function(t,e){this._regions[t]||this.length++,this._regions[t]=e},_remove:function(t,e){this.triggerMethod("before:remove:region",t,e),e.empty(),e.stopListening(),delete e._parent,delete this._regions[t],this.length--,this.triggerMethod("remove:region",t,e)}}),s.actAsCollection(s.RegionManager.prototype,"_regions"),s.TemplateCache=function(t){this.templateId=t},i.extend(s.TemplateCache,{templateCaches:{},get:function(t,e){var i=this.templateCaches[t];return i||(i=new s.TemplateCache(t),this.templateCaches[t]=i),i.load(e)},clear:function(){var t,e=i.toArray(arguments),n=e.length;if(n>0)for(t=0;n>t;t++)delete this.templateCaches[e[t]];else this.templateCaches={}}}),i.extend(s.TemplateCache.prototype,{load:function(t){if(this.compiledTemplate)return this.compiledTemplate;var e=this.loadTemplate(this.templateId,t);return this.compiledTemplate=this.compileTemplate(e,t),this.compiledTemplate},loadTemplate:function(t){var i=e.$(t).html();if(!i||0===i.length)throw new s.Error({name:"NoTemplateError",message:'Could not find template: "'+t+'"'});return i},compileTemplate:function(t,e){return i.template(t,e)}}),s.Renderer={render:function(t,e){if(!t)throw new s.Error({name:"TemplateNotFoundError",message:"Cannot render the template since its false, null or undefined."});var n=i.isFunction(t)?t:s.TemplateCache.get(t);return n(e)}},s.View=e.View.extend({isDestroyed:!1,constructor:function(t){i.bindAll(this,"render"),t=s._getValue(t,this),this.options=i.extend({},i.result(this,"options"),t),this._behaviors=s.Behaviors(this),e.View.call(this,this.options),s.MonitorDOMRefresh(this)},getTemplate:function(){return this.getOption("template")},serializeModel:function(t){return t.toJSON.apply(t,i.rest(arguments))},mixinTemplateHelpers:function(t){t=t||{};var e=this.getOption("templateHelpers");return e=s._getValue(e,this),i.extend(t,e)},normalizeUIKeys:function(t){var e=i.result(this,"_uiBindings");return s.normalizeUIKeys(t,e||i.result(this,"ui"))},normalizeUIValues:function(t,e){var n=i.result(this,"ui"),r=i.result(this,"_uiBindings");return s.normalizeUIValues(t,r||n,e)},configureTriggers:function(){if(this.triggers){var t=this.normalizeUIKeys(i.result(this,"triggers"));return i.reduce(t,function(t,e,i){return t[i]=this._buildViewTrigger(e),t},{},this)}},delegateEvents:function(t){return this._delegateDOMEvents(t),this.bindEntityEvents(this.model,this.getOption("modelEvents")),this.bindEntityEvents(this.collection,this.getOption("collectionEvents")),i.each(this._behaviors,function(t){t.bindEntityEvents(this.model,t.getOption("modelEvents")),t.bindEntityEvents(this.collection,t.getOption("collectionEvents"))},this),this},_delegateDOMEvents:function(t){var n=s._getValue(t||this.events,this);n=this.normalizeUIKeys(n),i.isUndefined(t)&&(this.events=n);var r={},o=i.result(this,"behaviorEvents")||{},h=this.configureTriggers(),a=i.result(this,"behaviorTriggers")||{};i.extend(r,o,n,h,a),e.View.prototype.delegateEvents.call(this,r)},undelegateEvents:function(){return e.View.prototype.undelegateEvents.apply(this,arguments),this.unbindEntityEvents(this.model,this.getOption("modelEvents")),this.unbindEntityEvents(this.collection,this.getOption("collectionEvents")),i.each(this._behaviors,function(t){t.unbindEntityEvents(this.model,t.getOption("modelEvents")),t.unbindEntityEvents(this.collection,t.getOption("collectionEvents"))},this),this},_ensureViewIsIntact:function(){if(this.isDestroyed)throw new s.Error({name:"ViewDestroyedError",message:'View (cid: "'+this.cid+'") has already been destroyed and cannot be used.'})},destroy:function(){if(this.isDestroyed)return this;var t=i.toArray(arguments);return this.triggerMethod.apply(this,["before:destroy"].concat(t)),this.isDestroyed=!0,this.triggerMethod.apply(this,["destroy"].concat(t)),this.unbindUIElements(),this.isRendered=!1,this.remove(),i.invoke(this._behaviors,"destroy",t),this},bindUIElements:function(){this._bindUIElements(),i.invoke(this._behaviors,this._bindUIElements)},_bindUIElements:function(){if(this.ui){this._uiBindings||(this._uiBindings=this.ui);var t=i.result(this,"_uiBindings");this.ui={},i.each(t,function(t,e){this.ui[e]=this.$(t)},this)}},unbindUIElements:function(){this._unbindUIElements(),i.invoke(this._behaviors,this._unbindUIElements)},_unbindUIElements:function(){this.ui&&this._uiBindings&&(i.each(this.ui,function(t,e){delete this.ui[e]},this),this.ui=this._uiBindings,delete this._uiBindings)},_buildViewTrigger:function(t){var e=i.isObject(t),n=i.defaults({},e?t:{},{preventDefault:!0,stopPropagation:!0}),r=e?n.event:t;return function(t){t&&(t.preventDefault&&n.preventDefault&&t.preventDefault(),t.stopPropagation&&n.stopPropagation&&t.stopPropagation());var e={view:this,model:this.model,collection:this.collection};this.triggerMethod(r,e)}},setElement:function(){var t=e.View.prototype.setElement.apply(this,arguments);return i.invoke(this._behaviors,"proxyViewProperties",this),t},triggerMethod:function(){var t=s._triggerMethod(this,arguments);return this._triggerEventOnBehaviors(arguments),this._triggerEventOnParentLayout(arguments[0],i.rest(arguments)),t},_triggerEventOnBehaviors:function(t){for(var e=s._triggerMethod,i=this._behaviors,n=0,r=i&&i.length;r>n;n++)e(i[n],t)},_triggerEventOnParentLayout:function(t,e){var n=this._parentLayoutView();if(n){var r=s.getOption(n,"childViewEventPrefix"),o=r+":"+t;s._triggerMethod(n,[o,this].concat(e));var h=s.getOption(n,"childEvents"),a=n.normalizeMethods(h);a&&i.isFunction(a[t])&&a[t].apply(n,[this].concat(e))}},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return[]},_getNestedViews:function(){var t=this._getImmediateChildren();return t.length?i.reduce(t,function(t,e){return e._getNestedViews?t.concat(e._getNestedViews()):t},t):t},_getAncestors:function(){for(var t=[],e=this._parent;e;)t.push(e),e=e._parent;return t},_parentLayoutView:function(){var t=this._getAncestors();return i.find(t,function(t){return t instanceof s.LayoutView})},normalizeMethods:s.normalizeMethods,mergeOptions:s.mergeOptions,getOption:s.proxyGetOption,bindEntityEvents:s.proxyBindEntityEvents,unbindEntityEvents:s.proxyUnbindEntityEvents}),s.ItemView=s.View.extend({constructor:function(){s.View.apply(this,arguments)},serializeData:function(){if(!this.model&&!this.collection)return{};var t=[this.model||this.collection];return arguments.length&&t.push.apply(t,arguments),this.model?this.serializeModel.apply(this,t):{items:this.serializeCollection.apply(this,t)}},serializeCollection:function(t){return t.toJSON.apply(t,i.rest(arguments))},render:function(){return this._ensureViewIsIntact(),this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._renderTemplate(),this.isRendered=!0,this.bindUIElements(),this.triggerMethod("render",this),this},_renderTemplate:function(){var t=this.getTemplate();if(t!==!1){if(!t)throw new s.Error({name:"UndefinedTemplateError",message:"Cannot render the template since it is null or undefined."});var e=this.mixinTemplateHelpers(this.serializeData()),i=s.Renderer.render(t,e,this);return this.attachElContent(i),this}},attachElContent:function(t){return this.$el.html(t),this}}),s.CollectionView=s.View.extend({childViewEventPrefix:"childview",sort:!0,constructor:function(){this.once("render",this._initialEvents),this._initChildViewStorage(),s.View.apply(this,arguments),this.on({"before:show":this._onBeforeShowCalled,show:this._onShowCalled,"before:attach":this._onBeforeAttachCalled,attach:this._onAttachCalled}),this.initRenderBuffer()},initRenderBuffer:function(){this._bufferedChildren=[]},startBuffering:function(){this.initRenderBuffer(),this.isBuffering=!0},endBuffering:function(){var t,e=this._isShown&&s.isNodeAttached(this.el);this.isBuffering=!1,this._isShown&&this._triggerMethodMany(this._bufferedChildren,this,"before:show"),e&&this._triggerBeforeAttach&&(t=this._getNestedViews(),this._triggerMethodMany(t,this,"before:attach")),this.attachBuffer(this,this._createBuffer()),e&&this._triggerAttach&&(t=this._getNestedViews(),this._triggerMethodMany(t,this,"attach")),this._isShown&&this._triggerMethodMany(this._bufferedChildren,this,"show"),this.initRenderBuffer()},_triggerMethodMany:function(t,e,n){var r=i.drop(arguments,3);i.each(t,function(t){s.triggerMethodOn.apply(t,[t,n,t,e].concat(r))})},_initialEvents:function(){this.collection&&(this.listenTo(this.collection,"add",this._onCollectionAdd),this.listenTo(this.collection,"remove",this._onCollectionRemove),this.listenTo(this.collection,"reset",this.render),this.getOption("sort")&&this.listenTo(this.collection,"sort",this._sortViews))},_onCollectionAdd:function(t,e,n){var r;if(r=void 0!==n.at?n.at:i.indexOf(this._filteredSortedModels(),t),this._shouldAddChild(t,r)){this.destroyEmptyView();var s=this.getChildView(t);this.addChild(t,s,r)}},_onCollectionRemove:function(t){var e=this.children.findByModel(t);this.removeChildView(e),this.checkEmpty()},_onBeforeShowCalled:function(){this._triggerBeforeAttach=this._triggerAttach=!1,this.children.each(function(t){s.triggerMethodOn(t,"before:show",t)})},_onShowCalled:function(){this.children.each(function(t){s.triggerMethodOn(t,"show",t)})},_onBeforeAttachCalled:function(){this._triggerBeforeAttach=!0},_onAttachCalled:function(){this._triggerAttach=!0},render:function(){return this._ensureViewIsIntact(),this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._renderChildren(),this.isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this},reorder:function(){var t=this.children,e=this._filteredSortedModels(),n=i.find(e,function(e){return!t.findByModel(e)});if(n)this.render();else{var r=i.map(e,function(e,i){var n=t.findByModel(e);return n._index=i,n.el});this.triggerMethod("before:reorder"),this._appendReorderedChildren(r),this.triggerMethod("reorder")}},resortView:function(){s.getOption(this,"reorderOnSort")?this.reorder():this.render()},_sortViews:function(){var t=this._filteredSortedModels(),e=i.find(t,function(t,e){var i=this.children.findByModel(t);return!i||i._index!==e},this);e&&this.resortView()},_emptyViewIndex:-1,_appendReorderedChildren:function(t){this.$el.append(t)},_renderChildren:function(){this.destroyEmptyView(),this.destroyChildren({checkEmpty:!1}),this.isEmpty(this.collection)?this.showEmptyView():(this.triggerMethod("before:render:collection",this),this.startBuffering(),this.showCollection(),this.endBuffering(),this.triggerMethod("render:collection",this),this.children.isEmpty()&&this.showEmptyView())},showCollection:function(){var t,e=this._filteredSortedModels();i.each(e,function(e,i){t=this.getChildView(e),this.addChild(e,t,i)},this)},_filteredSortedModels:function(){var t,e=this.getViewComparator();return t=e?i.isString(e)||1===e.length?this.collection.sortBy(e,this):i.clone(this.collection.models).sort(i.bind(e,this)):this.collection.models,this.getOption("filter")&&(t=i.filter(t,function(t,e){return this._shouldAddChild(t,e)},this)),t},showEmptyView:function(){var t=this.getEmptyView();if(t&&!this._showingEmptyView){this.triggerMethod("before:render:empty"),this._showingEmptyView=!0;var i=new e.Model;this.addEmptyView(i,t),this.triggerMethod("render:empty")}},destroyEmptyView:function(){this._showingEmptyView&&(this.triggerMethod("before:remove:empty"),this.destroyChildren(),delete this._showingEmptyView,this.triggerMethod("remove:empty"))},getEmptyView:function(){return this.getOption("emptyView")},addEmptyView:function(t,e){var n,r=this._isShown&&!this.isBuffering&&s.isNodeAttached(this.el),o=this.getOption("emptyViewOptions")||this.getOption("childViewOptions");i.isFunction(o)&&(o=o.call(this,t,this._emptyViewIndex));var h=this.buildChildView(t,e,o);h._parent=this,this.proxyChildEvents(h),this._isShown&&s.triggerMethodOn(h,"before:show",h),this.children.add(h),r&&this._triggerBeforeAttach&&(n=[h].concat(h._getNestedViews()),h.once("render",function(){this._triggerMethodMany(n,this,"before:attach")},this)),this.renderChildView(h,this._emptyViewIndex),r&&this._triggerAttach&&(n=[h].concat(h._getNestedViews()),this._triggerMethodMany(n,this,"attach")),this._isShown&&s.triggerMethodOn(h,"show",h)},getChildView:function(){var t=this.getOption("childView");if(!t)throw new s.Error({name:"NoChildViewError",message:'A "childView" must be specified'});return t},addChild:function(t,e,i){var n=this.getOption("childViewOptions");n=s._getValue(n,this,[t,i]);var r=this.buildChildView(t,e,n);return this._updateIndices(r,!0,i),this.triggerMethod("before:add:child",r),this._addChildView(r,i),this.triggerMethod("add:child",r),r._parent=this,r},_updateIndices:function(t,e,i){this.getOption("sort")&&(e&&(t._index=i),this.children.each(function(i){i._index>=t._index&&(i._index+=e?1:-1)}))},_addChildView:function(t,e){var i,n=this._isShown&&!this.isBuffering&&s.isNodeAttached(this.el);this.proxyChildEvents(t),this._isShown&&!this.isBuffering&&s.triggerMethodOn(t,"before:show",t),this.children.add(t),n&&this._triggerBeforeAttach&&(i=[t].concat(t._getNestedViews()),t.once("render",function(){this._triggerMethodMany(i,this,"before:attach")},this)),this.renderChildView(t,e),n&&this._triggerAttach&&(i=[t].concat(t._getNestedViews()),this._triggerMethodMany(i,this,"attach")),this._isShown&&!this.isBuffering&&s.triggerMethodOn(t,"show",t)},renderChildView:function(t,e){return t.render(),this.attachHtml(this,t,e),t},buildChildView:function(t,e,n){var r=i.extend({model:t},n);return new e(r)},removeChildView:function(t){return t&&(this.triggerMethod("before:remove:child",t),t.destroy?t.destroy():t.remove&&t.remove(),delete t._parent,this.stopListening(t),this.children.remove(t),this.triggerMethod("remove:child",t),this._updateIndices(t,!1)),t},isEmpty:function(){return!this.collection||0===this.collection.length},checkEmpty:function(){this.isEmpty(this.collection)&&this.showEmptyView()},attachBuffer:function(t,e){t.$el.append(e)},_createBuffer:function(){var t=document.createDocumentFragment();return i.each(this._bufferedChildren,function(e){t.appendChild(e.el)}),t},attachHtml:function(t,e,i){t.isBuffering?t._bufferedChildren.splice(i,0,e):t._insertBefore(e,i)||t._insertAfter(e)},_insertBefore:function(t,e){var i,n=this.getOption("sort")&&this.children.length-1>e;return n&&(i=this.children.find(function(t){return t._index===e+1})),i?(i.$el.before(t.el),!0):!1},_insertAfter:function(t){this.$el.append(t.el)},_initChildViewStorage:function(){this.children=new e.ChildViewContainer},destroy:function(){return this.isDestroyed?this:(this.triggerMethod("before:destroy:collection"),this.destroyChildren({checkEmpty:!1}),this.triggerMethod("destroy:collection"),s.View.prototype.destroy.apply(this,arguments))},destroyChildren:function(t){var e=t||{},n=!0,r=this.children.map(i.identity);return i.isUndefined(e.checkEmpty)||(n=e.checkEmpty),this.children.each(this.removeChildView,this),n&&this.checkEmpty(),r},_shouldAddChild:function(t,e){var n=this.getOption("filter");return!i.isFunction(n)||n.call(this,t,e,this.collection)},proxyChildEvents:function(t){var e=this.getOption("childViewEventPrefix");this.listenTo(t,"all",function(){var n=i.toArray(arguments),r=n[0],s=this.normalizeMethods(i.result(this,"childEvents"));n[0]=e+":"+r,n.splice(1,0,t),s!==void 0&&i.isFunction(s[r])&&s[r].apply(this,n.slice(1)),this.triggerMethod.apply(this,n)})},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return i.values(this.children._views)},getViewComparator:function(){return this.getOption("viewComparator")}}),s.CompositeView=s.CollectionView.extend({constructor:function(){s.CollectionView.apply(this,arguments)},_initialEvents:function(){this.collection&&(this.listenTo(this.collection,"add",this._onCollectionAdd),this.listenTo(this.collection,"remove",this._onCollectionRemove),this.listenTo(this.collection,"reset",this._renderChildren),this.getOption("sort")&&this.listenTo(this.collection,"sort",this._sortViews))},getChildView:function(){var t=this.getOption("childView")||this.constructor;return t},serializeData:function(){var t={};return this.model&&(t=i.partial(this.serializeModel,this.model).apply(this,arguments)),t},render:function(){return this._ensureViewIsIntact(),this._isRendering=!0,this.resetChildViewContainer(),this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._renderTemplate(),this._renderChildren(),this._isRendering=!1,this.isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this },_renderChildren:function(){(this.isRendered||this._isRendering)&&s.CollectionView.prototype._renderChildren.call(this)},_renderTemplate:function(){var t={};t=this.serializeData(),t=this.mixinTemplateHelpers(t),this.triggerMethod("before:render:template");var e=this.getTemplate(),i=s.Renderer.render(e,t,this);this.attachElContent(i),this.bindUIElements(),this.triggerMethod("render:template")},attachElContent:function(t){return this.$el.html(t),this},attachBuffer:function(t,e){var i=this.getChildViewContainer(t);i.append(e)},_insertAfter:function(t){var e=this.getChildViewContainer(this,t);e.append(t.el)},_appendReorderedChildren:function(t){var e=this.getChildViewContainer(this);e.append(t)},getChildViewContainer:function(t){if(t.$childViewContainer)return t.$childViewContainer;var e,i=s.getOption(t,"childViewContainer");if(i){var n=s._getValue(i,t);if(e="@"===n.charAt(0)&&t.ui?t.ui[n.substr(4)]:t.$(n),0>=e.length)throw new s.Error({name:"ChildViewContainerMissingError",message:'The specified "childViewContainer" was not found: '+t.childViewContainer})}else e=t.$el;return t.$childViewContainer=e,e},resetChildViewContainer:function(){this.$childViewContainer&&(this.$childViewContainer=void 0)}}),s.LayoutView=s.ItemView.extend({regionClass:s.Region,options:{destroyImmediate:!1},childViewEventPrefix:"childview",constructor:function(t){t=t||{},this._firstRender=!0,this._initializeRegions(t),s.ItemView.call(this,t)},render:function(){return this._ensureViewIsIntact(),this._firstRender?this._firstRender=!1:this._reInitializeRegions(),s.ItemView.prototype.render.apply(this,arguments)},destroy:function(){return this.isDestroyed?this:(this.getOption("destroyImmediate")===!0&&this.$el.remove(),this.regionManager.destroy(),s.ItemView.prototype.destroy.apply(this,arguments))},showChildView:function(t,e){return this.getRegion(t).show(e)},getChildView:function(t){return this.getRegion(t).currentView},addRegion:function(t,e){var i={};return i[t]=e,this._buildRegions(i)[t]},addRegions:function(t){return this.regions=i.extend({},this.regions,t),this._buildRegions(t)},removeRegion:function(t){return delete this.regions[t],this.regionManager.removeRegion(t)},getRegion:function(t){return this.regionManager.get(t)},getRegions:function(){return this.regionManager.getRegions()},_buildRegions:function(t){var e={regionClass:this.getOption("regionClass"),parentEl:i.partial(i.result,this,"el")};return this.regionManager.addRegions(t,e)},_initializeRegions:function(t){var e;this._initRegionManager(),e=s._getValue(this.regions,this,[t])||{};var n=this.getOption.call(t,"regions");n=s._getValue(n,this,[t]),i.extend(e,n),e=this.normalizeUIValues(e,["selector","el"]),this.addRegions(e)},_reInitializeRegions:function(){this.regionManager.invoke("reset")},getRegionManager:function(){return new s.RegionManager},_initRegionManager:function(){this.regionManager=this.getRegionManager(),this.regionManager._parent=this,this.listenTo(this.regionManager,"before:add:region",function(t){this.triggerMethod("before:add:region",t)}),this.listenTo(this.regionManager,"add:region",function(t,e){this[t]=e,this.triggerMethod("add:region",t,e)}),this.listenTo(this.regionManager,"before:remove:region",function(t){this.triggerMethod("before:remove:region",t)}),this.listenTo(this.regionManager,"remove:region",function(t,e){delete this[t],this.triggerMethod("remove:region",t,e)})},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return i.chain(this.regionManager.getRegions()).pluck("currentView").compact().value()}}),s.Behavior=s.Object.extend({constructor:function(t,e){this.view=e,this.defaults=i.result(this,"defaults")||{},this.options=i.extend({},this.defaults,t),this.ui=i.extend({},i.result(e,"ui"),i.result(this,"ui")),s.Object.apply(this,arguments)},$:function(){return this.view.$.apply(this.view,arguments)},destroy:function(){return this.stopListening(),this},proxyViewProperties:function(t){this.$el=t.$el,this.el=t.el}}),s.Behaviors=function(t,e){function i(t,n){return e.isObject(t.behaviors)?(n=i.parseBehaviors(t,n||e.result(t,"behaviors")),i.wrap(t,n,e.keys(o)),n):{}}function n(t,e){this._view=t,this._behaviors=e,this._triggers={}}function r(t){return t._uiBindings||t.ui}var s=/^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/,o={behaviorTriggers:function(t,e){var i=new n(this,e);return i.buildBehaviorTriggers()},behaviorEvents:function(i,n){var o={};return e.each(n,function(i,n){var h={},a=e.clone(e.result(i,"events"))||{};a=t.normalizeUIKeys(a,r(i));var d=0;e.each(a,function(t,r){var o=r.match(s),a=o[1]+"."+[this.cid,n,d++," "].join(""),l=o[2],c=a+l,u=e.isFunction(t)?t:i[t];h[c]=e.bind(u,i)},this),o=e.extend(o,h)},this),o}};return e.extend(i,{behaviorsLookup:function(){throw new t.Error({message:"You must define where your behaviors are stored.",url:"marionette.behaviors.html#behaviorslookup"})},getBehaviorClass:function(e,n){return e.behaviorClass?e.behaviorClass:t._getValue(i.behaviorsLookup,this,[e,n])[n]},parseBehaviors:function(t,n){return e.chain(n).map(function(n,r){var s=i.getBehaviorClass(n,r),o=new s(n,t),h=i.parseBehaviors(t,e.result(o,"behaviors"));return[o].concat(h)}).flatten().value()},wrap:function(t,i,n){e.each(n,function(n){t[n]=e.partial(o[n],t[n],i)})}}),e.extend(n.prototype,{buildBehaviorTriggers:function(){return e.each(this._behaviors,this._buildTriggerHandlersForBehavior,this),this._triggers},_buildTriggerHandlersForBehavior:function(i,n){var s=e.clone(e.result(i,"triggers"))||{};s=t.normalizeUIKeys(s,r(i)),e.each(s,e.bind(this._setHandlerForBehavior,this,i,n))},_setHandlerForBehavior:function(t,e,i,n){var r=n.replace(/^\S+/,function(t){return t+"."+"behaviortriggers"+e});this._triggers[r]=this._view._buildViewTrigger(i)}}),i}(s,i),s.AppRouter=e.Router.extend({constructor:function(t){this.options=t||{},e.Router.apply(this,arguments);var i=this.getOption("appRoutes"),n=this._getController();this.processAppRoutes(n,i),this.on("route",this._processOnRoute,this)},appRoute:function(t,e){var i=this._getController();this._addAppRoute(i,t,e)},_processOnRoute:function(t,e){if(i.isFunction(this.onRoute)){var n=i.invert(this.getOption("appRoutes"))[t];this.onRoute(t,n,e)}},processAppRoutes:function(t,e){if(e){var n=i.keys(e).reverse();i.each(n,function(i){this._addAppRoute(t,i,e[i])},this)}},_getController:function(){return this.getOption("controller")},_addAppRoute:function(t,e,n){var r=t[n];if(!r)throw new s.Error('Method "'+n+'" was not found on the controller');this.route(e,n,i.bind(r,t))},mergeOptions:s.mergeOptions,getOption:s.proxyGetOption,triggerMethod:s.triggerMethod,bindEntityEvents:s.proxyBindEntityEvents,unbindEntityEvents:s.proxyUnbindEntityEvents}),s.Application=s.Object.extend({constructor:function(t){this._initializeRegions(t),this._initCallbacks=new s.Callbacks,this.submodules={},i.extend(this,t),this._initChannel(),s.Object.call(this,t)},execute:function(){this.commands.execute.apply(this.commands,arguments)},request:function(){return this.reqres.request.apply(this.reqres,arguments)},addInitializer:function(t){this._initCallbacks.add(t)},start:function(t){this.triggerMethod("before:start",t),this._initCallbacks.run(t,this),this.triggerMethod("start",t)},addRegions:function(t){return this._regionManager.addRegions(t)},emptyRegions:function(){return this._regionManager.emptyRegions()},removeRegion:function(t){return this._regionManager.removeRegion(t)},getRegion:function(t){return this._regionManager.get(t)},getRegions:function(){return this._regionManager.getRegions()},module:function(t,e){var n=s.Module.getClass(e),r=i.toArray(arguments);return r.unshift(this),n.create.apply(n,r)},getRegionManager:function(){return new s.RegionManager},_initializeRegions:function(t){var e=i.isFunction(this.regions)?this.regions(t):this.regions||{};this._initRegionManager();var n=s.getOption(t,"regions");return i.isFunction(n)&&(n=n.call(this,t)),i.extend(e,n),this.addRegions(e),this},_initRegionManager:function(){this._regionManager=this.getRegionManager(),this._regionManager._parent=this,this.listenTo(this._regionManager,"before:add:region",function(){s._triggerMethod(this,"before:add:region",arguments)}),this.listenTo(this._regionManager,"add:region",function(t,e){this[t]=e,s._triggerMethod(this,"add:region",arguments)}),this.listenTo(this._regionManager,"before:remove:region",function(){s._triggerMethod(this,"before:remove:region",arguments)}),this.listenTo(this._regionManager,"remove:region",function(t){delete this[t],s._triggerMethod(this,"remove:region",arguments)})},_initChannel:function(){this.channelName=i.result(this,"channelName")||"global",this.channel=i.result(this,"channel")||e.Wreqr.radio.channel(this.channelName),this.vent=i.result(this,"vent")||this.channel.vent,this.commands=i.result(this,"commands")||this.channel.commands,this.reqres=i.result(this,"reqres")||this.channel.reqres}}),s.Module=function(t,e,n){this.moduleName=t,this.options=i.extend({},this.options,n),this.initialize=n.initialize||this.initialize,this.submodules={},this._setupInitializersAndFinalizers(),this.app=e,i.isFunction(this.initialize)&&this.initialize(t,e,this.options)},s.Module.extend=s.extend,i.extend(s.Module.prototype,e.Events,{startWithParent:!0,initialize:function(){},addInitializer:function(t){this._initializerCallbacks.add(t)},addFinalizer:function(t){this._finalizerCallbacks.add(t)},start:function(t){this._isInitialized||(i.each(this.submodules,function(e){e.startWithParent&&e.start(t)}),this.triggerMethod("before:start",t),this._initializerCallbacks.run(t,this),this._isInitialized=!0,this.triggerMethod("start",t))},stop:function(){this._isInitialized&&(this._isInitialized=!1,this.triggerMethod("before:stop"),i.invoke(this.submodules,"stop"),this._finalizerCallbacks.run(void 0,this),this._initializerCallbacks.reset(),this._finalizerCallbacks.reset(),this.triggerMethod("stop"))},addDefinition:function(t,e){this._runModuleDefinition(t,e)},_runModuleDefinition:function(t,n){if(t){var r=i.flatten([this,this.app,e,s,e.$,i,n]);t.apply(this,r)}},_setupInitializersAndFinalizers:function(){this._initializerCallbacks=new s.Callbacks,this._finalizerCallbacks=new s.Callbacks},triggerMethod:s.triggerMethod}),i.extend(s.Module,{create:function(t,e,n){var r=t,s=i.drop(arguments,3);e=e.split(".");var o=e.length,h=[];return h[o-1]=n,i.each(e,function(e,i){var o=r;r=this._getModule(o,e,t,n),this._addModuleDefinition(o,r,h[i],s)},this),r},_getModule:function(t,e,n,r){var s=i.extend({},r),o=this.getClass(r),h=t[e];return h||(h=new o(e,n,s),t[e]=h,t.submodules[e]=h),h},getClass:function(t){var e=s.Module;return t?t.prototype instanceof e?t:t.moduleClass||e:e},_addModuleDefinition:function(t,e,i,n){var 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",type:2,value:t.math.mod},{token:"1",show:"1",type:1,value:"1"},{token:"2",show:"2",type:1,value:"2"},{token:"3",show:"3",type:1,value:"3"},{token:"*",show:"×",type:2,value:t.math.mul},{token:"sinh",show:"sinh",type:0,value:t.math.sinh},{token:"asinh",show:"asinh",type:0,value:t.math.asinh},{token:"e",show:"e",type:3,value:"E"},{token:"log",show:" log",type:0,value:t.math.log},{token:"0",show:"0",type:1,value:"0"},{token:".",show:".",type:6,value:"."},{token:"+",show:"+",type:9,value:t.math.add},{token:"-",show:"-",type:9,value:t.math.sub},{token:",",show:",",type:11,value:","},{token:"Sigma",show:"Σ",type:12,value:t.math.sigma},{token:"n",show:"n",type:13,value:"n"},{token:"Pi",show:"Π",type:12,value:t.math.Pi},{token:"pow",show:"pow",type:8,value:Math.pow,numberOfArguments:2},{token:"&",show:"&",type:9,value:t.math.and}].map((function(t){return e({},t,{precedence:n[t.type]})}))}(this)}return t.prototype.eval=function(e,t,n){return this.postfixEval(this.toPostfix(this.lex(e,t)),n)},t}();return A.TOKEN_TYPES=t,A.tokenTypes=t,A})); // TODO: Fix error collecting. //window.onerror = function(message, url, lineNumber) { // var data; // // data = { // 'action': 'nf_log_js_error', // 'security': nfFrontEnd.ajaxNonce, // 'message': message, // 'url': url, // 'lineNumber': lineNumber // }; // // jQuery.ajax({ // url: nfFrontEnd.adminAjax, // type: 'POST', // data: data, // cache: false, // success: function( data, textStatus, jqXHR ) { // try { // // } catch( e ) { // console.log( e ); // console.log( 'Parse Error' ); // console.log( e ); // } // // }, // error: function( jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown ) { // // Handle errors here // console.log('ERRORS: ' + errorThrown); // console.log( jqXHR ); // // try { // // } catch( e ) { // console.log( 'Parse Error' ); // } // } // }); // return false; //}; var nfRadio = Backbone.Radio; nfRadio.channel( 'form' ).on( 'render:view', function() { jQuery( '.g-recaptcha' ).each( function() { var callback = jQuery( this ).data( 'callback' ); var fieldID = jQuery( this ).data( 'fieldid' ); if ( typeof window[ callback ] !== 'function' ){ window[ callback ] = function( response ) { nfRadio.channel( 'recaptcha' ).request( 'update:response', response, fieldID ); }; } } ); } ); var nfRecaptcha = Marionette.Object.extend( { initialize: function() { /* * If we've already rendered our form view, render our recaptcha fields. */ if ( 0 != jQuery( '.g-recaptcha' ).length ) { this.renderCaptcha(); } /* * We haven't rendered our form view, so hook into the view render radio message, and then render. */ this.listenTo( nfRadio.channel( 'form' ), 'render:view', this.renderCaptcha ); this.listenTo( nfRadio.channel( 'captcha' ), 'reset', this.renderCaptcha ); }, renderCaptcha: function() { jQuery( '.g-recaptcha:empty' ).each( function() { var opts = { fieldid: jQuery( this ).data( 'fieldid' ), size: jQuery( this ).data( 'size' ), theme: jQuery( this ).data( 'theme' ), sitekey: jQuery( this ).data( 'sitekey' ), callback: jQuery( this ).data( 'callback' ) }; var grecaptchaID = grecaptcha.render( jQuery( this )[0], opts ); if ( opts.size === 'invisible' ) { try { nf_reprocess_recaptcha( grecaptchaID ); setInterval(nf_reprocess_recaptcha, 110000, grecaptchaID); } catch( e ){ console.log( 'Notice: Error trying to execute grecaptcha.' ); } } } ); } } ); var nfRenderRecaptcha = function() { new nfRecaptcha(); } if (typeof nf_reprocess_recaptcha === 'undefined') { const nf_reprocess_recaptcha = ( grecaptchaID ) => { grecaptcha.execute( grecaptchaID ); } } const nf_check_recaptcha_consent = () => { let stored_responses = [], services = []; //Cookie check if(!nf_check_data_for_recaptcha_consent()){ stored_responses.push( false ); services.push("missing_cookie"); } //Build response with services gathered and print it in global scope const response = { "consent_state": stored_responses, "services" : services }; nfFrontEnd.nf_consent_status_response = response; //Display filterable status to add extra consent check let nf_consent_status_extra_check = new CustomEvent('nf_consent_status_check', {detail: response}); document.dispatchEvent(nf_consent_status_extra_check); return nfFrontEnd.nf_consent_status_response; } //Get specific recaptcha cookie const nf_check_data_for_recaptcha_consent = () => { return nf_get_cookie_by_name("_grecaptcha") !== ""; } //Get a cookie const nf_get_cookie_by_name = (cname) => { let name = cname + "="; let decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie); let ca = decodedCookie.split(';'); for(let i = 0; i <ca.length; i++) { let c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } return ""; } const nf_reload_after_cookie_consent = ( submitFieldID, layoutView ) => { if(typeof submitFieldID !== "undefined" && typeof layoutView !== "undefined"){ nfRadio.channel( 'fields' ).request("remove:error", submitFieldID, "recaptcha-v3-missing"); nfRadio.channel( 'fields' ).request("remove:error", submitFieldID, "recaptcha-v3-consent"); nfRadio.channel( 'form' ).trigger( 'render:view', layoutView ); } } const nf_add_reCaptcha_aria = () => { // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const nf_act_on_inserted_node = (mutationList, observer) => { for (const mutation of mutationList) { if (mutation.type === 'childList' && mutation.target.className === "g-recaptcha") { let nf_recaptchaTextarea = document.getElementById("g-recaptcha-response"); if(typeof nf_recaptchaTextarea !== "undefined" ){ nf_recaptchaTextarea.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true"); nf_recaptchaTextarea.setAttribute("aria-label", "Silent reCaptcha security check"); nf_recaptchaTextarea.setAttribute("aria-readonly", "true"); observer.disconnect(); } } } observer.disconnect(); }; //Observe Forms const nf_forms_listed = document.querySelectorAll(".ninja-forms-form-wrap"); if(nf_forms_listed.length > 0){ let nf_recaptcha_observers = []; nf_forms_listed.forEach((nf_form) => { nf_recaptcha_observers.push({"class": new MutationObserver(nf_act_on_inserted_node), "element": nf_form}); }); //Add an observer for each form if( nf_recaptcha_observers.length > 0){ nf_recaptcha_observers.forEach((object) => { object.class.observe( object.element, { childList: true, subtree: true } ); }); } } } const nf_remove_noscript_tags_as_needed = () => { const noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName('ninja-forms-noscript-message') for (let i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) { noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]) } } jQuery(document).on( 'nfFormReady', () => { nf_remove_noscript_tags_as_needed(); nf_add_reCaptcha_aria(); });

معرفة

بين التربية والتقنية هل ينتج العالم الافتراضي جيلاً مثقفًا أم معزولًا؟

مايو 18, 2025

2٬738 2 دقائق

كتبت شروق عارف

في ظل التطور التكنولوجي الحادث والابتكارات الجديدة ظهر العالم الافتراضي الذي أحدث ثورة في كافة المجالات مما جعلنا نطرح سؤال مهم ماذا لو أصبح التعليم مرتبط بالعالم الافتراضي؟ وكيف سيؤثر هذا الربط على الطلاب وتحصيلهم الأكاديمي ؟
ما هو العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس؟
في البداية علينا تعريف العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس العالم الافتراضي يعد تقنية تسمح للمستخدمين بالانخراط في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد و يتم إنشاؤها من خلال الحاسوب ويتيح العالم الافتراضي للمستخدمين الشعور بأنهم حاضرين في هذا العالم يحدث ذلك من خلال استخدام نظارات مخصصة كما عرف المركز الوطني للتعليم الإلكتروني العالم الافتراضي بأنه بيئة افتراضية بالكامل
أما الميتافيرس فهو عبارة عن عالم رقمي ثلاثي الأبعاد يحاكي الواقع ويتيح التفاعل الاجتماعي والترفيهي بمعنى أوضح يعد بيئة مفتوحة تمثل العالم الحقيقي تتيح لأي شخص التحرك في أي مكان داخل العالم الافتراضي هذه التقنية المتقدمة تخلق بيئة افتراضية تتيح للمستخدمين التفاعل معها بشكل واقعي
‏ التعليم في العالم الافتراضي
‏ في حالة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سوف يحدث ذلك طفرة في أساليب التدريس من خلال خلق موارد تعليمية جديدة مما سيساهم بشكل كبير في تحسين تجربة التعليم من خلال تعزيز المشاركة وزيادة الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات سيتم ذلك من خلال إدخال الطالب في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد مما سيتيح له تجربة تعليمية فريدة من نوعها
مزايا وتحديات ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي
من أهم المزايا التي يقدمها العالم الافتراضي للطلاب هو إعدادهم للعمل في المستقبل وذلك من خلال تزويدهم بخبرات لا حصر لها كما أن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سيساهم بشكل كبير في زيادة القدرة على الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات بالإضافة إلى ذلك يمكن للعالم الافتراضي توفير تجارب تعليمية فريدة من نوعها باستخدام تقنية الواقع الافتراضي التي تتيح نقل الطلاب إلى أماكن وبيئات مختلفة قد لا يتمكنون من الوصول إليها بطرق تقليدية
‏ ومع ذلك، تواجه هذه الفوائد عدة تحديات أبرزها التكلفة العالية حيث تعتبر معدات وبرامج الواقع الافتراضي باهظة الثمن بالإضافة إلى ذلك هناك نقص في تدريب المعلمين على استخدام تقنيات الواقع الافتراضي مما قد يؤدي إلى انخفاض في نتائج التعلم فعلى سبيل المثال تجربة نظام التابلت في أول سنة حققت فشل ذريع وذلك بسبب عدم فهم المعلمين والطلاب لطبيعة النظام

آراء متباينة حول فاعلية العالم الافتراضي
أوضح محمد عصام مدرس الفلسفة وعلم النفس في المرحلة الثانوية أن فكرة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي تعتبر مميزة للغاية ولكن أكد على ضرورة تطبيقها بشكل صحيح ومدروس وأضاف أن الإمكانيات الحالية في مصر لا تسمح بتطبيق هذه التقنية كما أضاف الاعتماد المفرط على التكنولوجيا في التعليم سوف يكون له آثار سلبية على الطلاب بالإضافة إلى أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحل محل المعلم
من جانبه قال محمود محسن مدرس اللغة العربية بالمرحلة الإعدادية إن إدخال العالم الافتراضي في التعليم قد يوثر بشكل إجابي في العملية التعليمية من حيث الشكل والمحتوى لكنه شدد على أهمية المعلم في التعليم موكدا أن التفاعل المباشر بين الطالب والمعلم يظل عنصرًا أساسيا لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه وأضاف محمود أن التعليم لا يقتصر فقط على المعلومات بل يشمل القيم والتربية والتوجيه وهي أمور يصعب نقلها بشكل فعال من خلال بيئة افتراضية بحتة
وعلي جانب اخر أضاف أحمد فؤاد مدرس الدراسات في المرحلة الابتدائية أن استخدام العالم الافتراضي في التعليم سيسهم بشكل كبير في تحسين مستوى تحصيل الطلاب خاصة في المرحلة الابتدائية وأوضح أن دمج التكنولوجيا في العملية التعليمية سيجعل الدراسة أكثر متعة مما قد يزيد من دافعية الطلاب للتعلم وتحسين استيعابهم للمحتوى

‏ يمكن القول إن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي قد يسهم بشكل كبير في توسيع أفاقنا الفكرية وسوف يجعل التجربة التعليمية أكثر متعة ولكن مع ذلك يجب التعامل مع هذه التقنية بحذر حتى نتجنب الأثار السلبية وعلينا التأكد أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحلل محل المعلم

مايو 18, 2025

2٬738 2 دقائق