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0===i.replaceElement?!!t.result(this,"replaceElement"):!!i.replaceElement;n&&r(e,"before:attach",e),s?this._replaceEl(e):this.attachHtml(e),n&&(e._isAttached=!0,r(e,"attach",e))},_ensureElement:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(t.isObject(this.el)||(this.$el=this.getEl(this.el),this.el=this.$el[0],this.$el=this.Dom.getEl(this.el)),!this.$el||0===this.$el.length){if(void 0===e.allowMissingEl?!!t.result(this,"allowMissingEl"):!!e.allowMissingEl)return!1;throw new Y('An "el" must exist in DOM for this region '+this.cid)}return!0},_getView:function(t){if(!t)throw new Y({name:"ViewNotValid",message:"The view passed is undefined and therefore invalid. You must pass a view instance to show."});if(t._isDestroyed)throw new Y({name:"ViewDestroyedError",message:'View (cid: "'+t.cid+'") has already been destroyed and cannot be used.'});if(t instanceof e.View)return t;var i=this._getViewOptions(t);return new we(i)},_getViewOptions:function(e){if(t.isFunction(e))return{template:e};if(t.isObject(e))return e;return{template:function(){return e}}},getEl:function(e){var i=t.result(this,"parentEl");return i&&t.isString(e)?this.Dom.findEl(i,e):this.Dom.getEl(e)},_replaceEl:function(e){this._restoreEl(),e.on("before:destroy",this._restoreEl,this),this.Dom.replaceEl(e.el,this.el),this._isReplaced=!0},_restoreEl:function(){if(this._isReplaced){var e=this.currentView;e&&(this._detachView(e),this._isReplaced=!1)}},isReplaced:function(){return!!this._isReplaced},isSwappingView:function(){return!!this._isSwappingView},attachHtml:function(e){this.Dom.appendContents(this.el,e.el,{_$el:this.$el,_$contents:e.$el})},empty:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{allowMissingEl:!0},t=this.currentView;if(!t)return this._ensureElement(e)&&this.detachHtml(),this;var i=!e.preventDestroy;return i||z("The preventDestroy option is deprecated. Use Region#detachView"),this._empty(t,i),this},_empty:function(e,t){e.off("destroy",this._empty,this),this.triggerMethod("before:empty",this,e),this._restoreEl(),delete this.currentView,e._isDestroyed||(t?this.removeView(e):this._detachView(e),this._stopChildViewEvents(e)),this.triggerMethod("empty",this,e)},_stopChildViewEvents:function(e){this._parentView&&this._parentView.stopListening(e)},destroyView:function(e){return e._isDestroyed?e:(e._shouldDisableEvents=this._shouldDisableMonitoring(),T(e),e)},removeView:function(e){this.destroyView(e)},detachView:function(){var e=this.currentView;if(e)return this._empty(e),e},_detachView:function(e){var t=e._isAttached&&!this._shouldDisableMonitoring(),i=this._isReplaced;t&&r(e,"before:detach",e),i?this.Dom.replaceEl(this.el,e.el):this.detachHtml(),t&&(e._isAttached=!1,r(e,"detach",e))},detachHtml:function(){this.Dom.detachContents(this.el,this.$el)},hasView:function(){return!!this.currentView},reset:function(e){return this.empty(e),this.$el&&(this.el=this._initEl),delete this.$el,this},destroy:function(e){return this._isDestroyed?this:(this.reset(e),this._name&&this._parentView._removeReferences(this._name),delete this._parentView,delete this._name,Q.prototype.destroy.apply(this,arguments))}},{setDomApi:I}),pe=function(e,t){return e instanceof _e?e:U(e,t)},ge={regionClass:_e,_initRegions:function(){this.regions=this.regions||{},this._regions={},this.addRegions(t.result(this,"regions"))},_reInitRegions:function(){ee(this._regions,"reset")},addRegion:function(e,t){var i={};return i[e]=t,this.addRegions(i)[e]},addRegions:function(e){if(!t.isEmpty(e))return e=this.normalizeUIValues(e,["selector","el"]),this.regions=t.extend({},this.regions,e),this._addRegions(e)},_addRegions:function(e){var i=this,n={regionClass:this.regionClass,parentEl:t.partial(t.result,this,"el")};return t.reduce(e,function(e,t,s){return e[s]=pe(t,n),i._addRegion(e[s],s),e},{})},_addRegion:function(e,t){this.triggerMethod("before:add:region",this,t,e),e._parentView=this,e._name=t,this._regions[t]=e,this.triggerMethod("add:region",this,t,e)},removeRegion:function(e){var t=this._regions[e];return this._removeRegion(t,e),t},removeRegions:function(){var e=this._getRegions();return t.each(this._regions,t.bind(this._removeRegion,this)),e},_removeRegion:function(e,t){this.triggerMethod("before:remove:region",this,t,e),e.destroy(),this.triggerMethod("remove:region",this,t,e)},_removeReferences:function(e){delete this.regions[e],delete this._regions[e]},emptyRegions:function(){var e=this.getRegions();return ee(e,"empty"),e},hasRegion:function(e){return!!this.getRegion(e)},getRegion:function(e){return this._isRendered||this.render(),this._regions[e]},_getRegions:function(){return t.clone(this._regions)},getRegions:function(){return this._isRendered||this.render(),this._getRegions()},showChildView:function(e,t){for(var i=this.getRegion(e),n=arguments.length,s=Array(n>2?n-2:0),r=2;r<n;r++)s[r-2]=arguments[r];return i.show.apply(i,[t].concat(s))},detachChildView:function(e){return this.getRegion(e).detachView()},getChildView:function(e){return this.getRegion(e).currentView}},ve={render:function(e,i){if(!e)throw new Y({name:"TemplateNotFoundError",message:"Cannot render the template since its false, null or undefined."});return(t.isFunction(e)?e:X.get(e))(i)}},me=["behaviors","childViewEventPrefix","childViewEvents","childViewTriggers","collectionEvents","events","modelEvents","regionClass","regions","template","templateContext","triggers","ui"],we=e.View.extend({constructor:function(i){this.render=t.bind(this.render,this),this._setOptions(i),this.mergeOptions(i,me),w(this),this._initBehaviors(),this._initRegions();var n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);n[0]=this.options,e.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this,n),this.delegateEntityEvents(),this._triggerEventOnBehaviors("initialize",this)},serializeData:function(){return this.model||this.collection?this.model?this.serializeModel():{items:this.serializeCollection()}:{}},serializeModel:function(){return this.model?t.clone(this.model.attributes):{}},serializeCollection:function(){return this.collection?this.collection.map(function(e){return t.clone(e.attributes)}):{}},setElement:function(){return e.View.prototype.setElement.apply(this,arguments),this._isRendered=this.Dom.hasContents(this.el),this._isAttached=k(this.el),this._isRendered&&this.bindUIElements(),this},render:function(){return this._isDestroyed?this:(this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._isRendered&&this._reInitRegions(),this._renderTemplate(),this.bindUIElements(),this._isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this)},_renderTemplate:function(){var e=this.getTemplate();if(!1!==e){var t=this.mixinTemplateContext(this.serializeData()),i=this._renderHtml(e,t);this.attachElContent(i)}else z("template:false is deprecated. Use _.noop.")},_renderHtml:function(e,t){return ve.render(e,t,this)},getTemplate:function(){return this.template},mixinTemplateContext:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},i=t.result(this,"templateContext");return t.extend(e,i)},attachElContent:function(e){return this.Dom.setContents(this.el,e,this.$el),this},_removeChildren:function(){this.removeRegions()},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return t.chain(this._getRegions()).map("currentView").compact().value()}},{setRenderer:function(e){return this.prototype._renderHtml=e,this},setDomApi:I});t.extend(we.prototype,ue,ge);var ye=["forEach","each","map","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","toArray","first","initial","rest","last","without","isEmpty","pluck","reduce","partition"],Ce=function(e,i){t.each(ye,function(n){e[n]=function(){var e=t.result(this,i),s=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return t[n].apply(t,[e].concat(s))}})},Ve=function(e){this._views={},this._indexByModel={},this._indexByCustom={},this._updateLength(),t.each(e,t.bind(this.add,this))};Ce(Ve.prototype,"_getViews"),t.extend(Ve.prototype,{_getViews:function(){return t.values(this._views)},add:function(e,t){return this._add(e,t)._updateLength()},_add:function(e,t){var i=e.cid;return this._views[i]=e,e.model&&(this._indexByModel[e.model.cid]=i),t&&(this._indexByCustom[t]=i),this},findByModel:function(e){return this.findByModelCid(e.cid)},findByModelCid:function(e){var t=this._indexByModel[e];return this.findByCid(t)},findByCustom:function(e){var t=this._indexByCustom[e];return this.findByCid(t)},findByIndex:function(e){return t.values(this._views)[e]},findByCid:function(e){return this._views[e]},remove:function(e){return this._remove(e)._updateLength()},_remove:function(e){var i=e.cid;return e.model&&delete this._indexByModel[e.model.cid],t.some(this._indexByCustom,t.bind(function(e,t){if(e===i)return delete this._indexByCustom[t],!0},this)),delete this._views[i],this},_updateLength:function(){return this.length=t.size(this._views),this}});var Ee=["behaviors","childView","childViewEventPrefix","childViewEvents","childViewOptions","childViewTriggers","collectionEvents","events","filter","emptyView","emptyViewOptions","modelEvents","reorderOnSort","sort","triggers","ui","viewComparator"],be=e.View.extend({sort:!0,constructor:function(i){this.render=t.bind(this.render,this),this._setOptions(i),this.mergeOptions(i,Ee),w(this),this._initBehaviors(),this.once("render",this._initialEvents),this._initChildViewStorage(),this._bufferedChildren=[];var n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);n[0]=this.options,e.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this,n),this.delegateEntityEvents(),this._triggerEventOnBehaviors("initialize",this)},_startBuffering:function(){this._isBuffering=!0},_endBuffering:function(){var e=this._isAttached&&!1!==this.monitorViewEvents?this._getImmediateChildren():[];this._isBuffering=!1,t.each(e,function(e){r(e,"before:attach",e)}),this.attachBuffer(this,this._createBuffer()),t.each(e,function(e){e._isAttached=!0,r(e,"attach",e)}),this._bufferedChildren=[]},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return t.values(this.children._views)},_initialEvents:function(){this.collection&&(this.listenTo(this.collection,"add",this._onCollectionAdd),this.listenTo(this.collection,"update",this._onCollectionUpdate),this.listenTo(this.collection,"reset",this.render),this.sort&&this.listenTo(this.collection,"sort",this._sortViews))},_onCollectionAdd:function(e,i,n){var s=void 0!==n.at&&(n.index||i.indexOf(e));(this.filter||!1===s)&&(s=t.indexOf(this._filteredSortedModels(s),e)),this._shouldAddChild(e,s)&&(this._destroyEmptyView(),this._addChild(e,s))},_onCollectionUpdate:function(e,t){var i=t.changes;this._removeChildModels(i.removed)},_removeChildModels:function(e){var t=this._getRemovedViews(e);t.length&&(this.children._updateLength(),this._updateIndices(t,!1),this.isEmpty()&&this._showEmptyView())},_getRemovedViews:function(e){var i=this;return t.reduce(e,function(e,t){var n=t&&i.children.findByModel(t);return!n||n._isDestroyed?e:(i._removeChildView(n),e.push(n),e)},[])},_removeChildView:function(e){this.triggerMethod("before:remove:child",this,e),this.children._remove(e),e._shouldDisableEvents=!1===this.monitorViewEvents,T(e),this.stopListening(e),this.triggerMethod("remove:child",this,e)},setElement:function(){return e.View.prototype.setElement.apply(this,arguments),this._isAttached=k(this.el),this},render:function(){return this._isDestroyed?this:(this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._renderChildren(),this._isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this)},setFilter:function(e){var t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{}).preventRender,i=this._isRendered&&!this._isDestroyed,n=this.filter!==e;if(i&&n&&!t){var s=this._filteredSortedModels();this.filter=e;var r=this._filteredSortedModels();this._applyModelDeltas(r,s)}else this.filter=e;return this},removeFilter:function(e){return this.setFilter(null,e)},_applyModelDeltas:function(e,i){var n=this,s={};t.each(e,function(e,t){!n.children.findByModel(e)&&n._onCollectionAdd(e,n.collection,{at:t}),s[e.cid]=!0});var r=t.filter(i,function(e){return!s[e.cid]&&n.children.findByModel(e)});this._removeChildModels(r)},reorder:function(){var e=this,i=this.children,n=this._filteredSortedModels();if(!n.length&&this._showingEmptyView)return this;if(t.some(n,function(e){return!i.findByModel(e)}))this.render();else{var s=[],r=t.reduce(this.children._views,function(e,i){var r=t.indexOf(n,i.model);return-1===r?(s.push(i.model),e):(i._index=r,e[r]=i.el,e)},new Array(n.length));this.triggerMethod("before:reorder",this);var o=this.Dom.createBuffer();t.each(r,function(t){e.Dom.appendContents(o,t)}),this._appendReorderedChildren(o),this._removeChildModels(s),this.triggerMethod("reorder",this)}return this},resortView:function(){return this.reorderOnSort?this.reorder():this._renderChildren(),this},_sortViews:function(){var e=this,i=this._filteredSortedModels();t.find(i,function(t,i){var n=e.children.findByModel(t);return!n||n._index!==i})&&this.resortView()},_emptyViewIndex:-1,_appendReorderedChildren:function(e){this.Dom.appendContents(this.el,e,{_$el:this.$el})},_renderChildren:function(){this._isRendered&&(this._destroyEmptyView(),this._destroyChildren());var e=this._filteredSortedModels();this.isEmpty({processedModels:e})?this._showEmptyView():(this.triggerMethod("before:render:children",this),this._startBuffering(),this._showCollection(e),this._endBuffering(),this.triggerMethod("render:children",this))},_createView:function(e,t){var i=this._getChildView(e),n=this._getChildViewOptions(e,t);return this.buildChildView(e,i,n)},_setupChildView:function(e,t){w(e),this._proxyChildViewEvents(e),this.sort&&(e._index=t)},_showCollection:function(e){t.each(e,t.bind(this._addChild,this)),this.children._updateLength()},_filteredSortedModels:function(e){if(!this.collection||!this.collection.length)return[];var t=this.getViewComparator(),i=this.collection.models;if(e=Math.min(Math.max(e,0),i.length-1),t){var n=void 0;e&&(n=i[e],i=i.slice(0,e).concat(i.slice(e+1))),i=this._sortModelsBy(i,t),n&&i.splice(e,0,n)}return i=this._filterModels(i)},getViewComparator:function(){return this.viewComparator},_filterModels:function(e){var i=this;return this.filter&&(e=t.filter(e,function(e,t){return i._shouldAddChild(e,t)})),e},_sortModelsBy:function(e,i){return"string"==typeof i?t.sortBy(e,function(e){return e.get(i)}):1===i.length?t.sortBy(e,t.bind(i,this)):t.clone(e).sort(t.bind(i,this))},_showEmptyView:function(){var i=this._getEmptyView();if(i&&!this._showingEmptyView){this._showingEmptyView=!0;var n=new e.Model,s=this.emptyViewOptions||this.childViewOptions;t.isFunction(s)&&(s=s.call(this,n,this._emptyViewIndex));var r=this.buildChildView(n,i,s);this.triggerMethod("before:render:empty",this,r),this.addChildView(r,0),this.triggerMethod("render:empty",this,r)}},_destroyEmptyView:function(){this._showingEmptyView&&(this.triggerMethod("before:remove:empty",this),this._destroyChildren(),delete this._showingEmptyView,this.triggerMethod("remove:empty",this))},_getEmptyView:function(){var e=this.emptyView;if(e)return this._getView(e)},_getChildView:function(e){var t=this.childView;if(!t)throw new Y({name:"NoChildViewError",message:'A "childView" must be specified'});if(!(t=this._getView(t,e)))throw new Y({name:"InvalidChildViewError",message:'"childView" must be a view class or a function that returns a view class'});return t},_getView:function(i,n){return i.prototype instanceof e.View||i===e.View?i:t.isFunction(i)?i.call(this,n):void 0},_addChild:function(e,t){var i=this._createView(e,t);return this.addChildView(i,t),i},_getChildViewOptions:function(e,i){return t.isFunction(this.childViewOptions)?this.childViewOptions(e,i):this.childViewOptions},addChildView:function(e,t){return this.triggerMethod("before:add:child",this,e),this._setupChildView(e,t),this._isBuffering?this.children._add(e):(this._updateIndices(e,!0),this.children.add(e)),$(e),this._attachView(e,t),this.triggerMethod("add:child",this,e),e},_updateIndices:function(e,i){if(this.sort)if(i){var n=t.isArray(e)?t.max(e,"_index"):e;t.isObject(n)&&t.each(this.children._views,function(e){e._index>=n._index&&(e._index+=1)})}else t.each(t.sortBy(this.children._views,"_index"),function(e,t){e._index=t})},_attachView:function(e,t){var i=!e._isAttached&&!this._isBuffering&&this._isAttached&&!1!==this.monitorViewEvents;i&&r(e,"before:attach",e),this.attachHtml(this,e,t),i&&(e._isAttached=!0,r(e,"attach",e))},buildChildView:function(e,i,n){return new i(t.extend({model:e},n))},removeChildView:function(e){return!e||e._isDestroyed?e:(this._removeChildView(e),this.children._updateLength(),this._updateIndices(e,!1),e)},isEmpty:function(e){var i=void 0;return t.result(e,"processedModels")?i=e.processedModels:(i=this.collection?this.collection.models:[],i=this._filterModels(i)),0===i.length},attachBuffer:function(e,t){this.Dom.appendContents(e.el,t,{_$el:e.$el})},_createBuffer:function(){var e=this,i=this.Dom.createBuffer();return t.each(this._bufferedChildren,function(t){e.Dom.appendContents(i,t.el,{_$contents:t.$el})}),i},attachHtml:function(e,t,i){e._isBuffering?e._bufferedChildren.splice(i,0,t):e._insertBefore(t,i)||e._insertAfter(t)},_insertBefore:function(e,i){var n=void 0;return this.sort&&i<this.children.length-1&&(n=t.find(this.children._views,function(e){return e._index===i+1})),!!n&&(this.beforeEl(n.el,e.el),!0)},beforeEl:function(e,t){this.$(e).before(t)},_insertAfter:function(e){this.Dom.appendContents(this.el,e.el,{_$el:this.$el,_$contents:e.$el})},_initChildViewStorage:function(){this.children=new Ve},_removeChildren:function(){this._destroyChildren()},_destroyChildren:function(e){this.children.length&&(this.triggerMethod("before:destroy:children",this),t.each(this.children._views,t.bind(this._removeChildView,this)),this.children._updateLength(),this.triggerMethod("destroy:children",this))},_shouldAddChild:function(e,i){var n=this.filter;return!t.isFunction(n)||n.call(this,e,i,this.collection)}},{setDomApi:I});t.extend(be.prototype,ue);var Me=function(){this._init()};Ce(Me.prototype,"_views"),t.extend(Me.prototype,{_init:function(){this._views=[],this._viewsByCid={},this._indexByModel={},this._updateLength()},_add:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:this._views.length,i=e.cid;this._viewsByCid[i]=e,e.model&&(this._indexByModel[e.model.cid]=i),this._views.splice(t,0,e),this._updateLength()},_sort:function(e,i){return"string"==typeof e?(e=t.partial(F,e),this._sortBy(e)):1===e.length?this._sortBy(t.bind(e,i)):this._views.sort(t.bind(e,i))},_sortBy:function(e){var i=t.sortBy(this._views,e);return this._set(i),i},_set:function(e){this._views.length=0,this._views.push.apply(this._views,e.slice(0)),this._updateLength()},_swap:function(e,t){var i=this.findIndexByView(e),n=this.findIndexByView(t);if(-1!==i&&-1!==n){var s=this._views[i];this._views[i]=this._views[n],this._views[n]=s}},findByModel:function(e){return this.findByModelCid(e.cid)},findByModelCid:function(e){var t=this._indexByModel[e];return this.findByCid(t)},findByIndex:function(e){return this._views[e]},findIndexByView:function(e){return this._views.indexOf(e)},findByCid:function(e){return this._viewsByCid[e]},hasView:function(e){return!!this.findByCid(e.cid)},_remove:function(e){if(this._viewsByCid[e.cid]){e.model&&delete this._indexByModel[e.model.cid],delete this._viewsByCid[e.cid];var t=this.findIndexByView(e);this._views.splice(t,1),this._updateLength()}},_updateLength:function(){this.length=this._views.length}});var Re=["behaviors","childView","childViewEventPrefix","childViewEvents","childViewOptions","childViewTriggers","collectionEvents","emptyView","emptyViewOptions","events","modelEvents","sortWithCollection","triggers","ui","viewComparator","viewFilter"],Be=e.View.extend({sortWithCollection:!0,constructor:function(t){this._setOptions(t),this.mergeOptions(t,Re),w(this),this.once("render",this._initialEvents),this._initChildViewStorage(),this._initBehaviors();var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);i[0]=this.options,e.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this,i),this.getEmptyRegion(),this.delegateEntityEvents(),this._triggerEventOnBehaviors("initialize",this)},_initChildViewStorage:function(){this.children=new Me},getEmptyRegion:function(){return this._emptyRegion&&!this._emptyRegion.isDestroyed()?this._emptyRegion:(this._emptyRegion=new _e({el:this.el,replaceElement:!1}),this._emptyRegion._parentView=this,this._emptyRegion)},_initialEvents:function(){this.listenTo(this.collection,{sort:this._onCollectionSort,reset:this._onCollectionReset,update:this._onCollectionUpdate})},_onCollectionSort:function(e,t){var i=t.add,n=t.merge,s=t.remove;this.sortWithCollection&&!1!==this.viewComparator&&(i||s||n||this.sort())},_onCollectionReset:function(){this.render()},_onCollectionUpdate:function(e,t){var i=t.changes,n=i.removed.length&&this._removeChildModels(i.removed);this._addedViews=i.added.length&&this._addChildModels(i.added),this._detachChildren(n),this._showChildren(),this._removeChildViews(n)},_removeChildModels:function(e){var i=this;return t.reduce(e,function(e,t){var n=i._removeChildModel(t);return n&&e.push(n),e},[])},_removeChildModel:function(e){var t=this.children.findByModel(e);return t&&this._removeChild(t),t},_removeChild:function(e){this.triggerMethod("before:remove:child",this,e),this.children._remove(e),this.triggerMethod("remove:child",this,e)},_addChildModels:function(e){return t.map(e,t.bind(this._addChildModel,this))},_addChildModel:function(e){var t=this._createChildView(e);return this._addChild(t),t},_createChildView:function(e){var t=this._getChildView(e),i=this._getChildViewOptions(e);return this.buildChildView(e,t,i)},_addChild:function(e,t){this.triggerMethod("before:add:child",this,e),this._setupChildView(e),this.children._add(e,t),this.triggerMethod("add:child",this,e)},_getChildView:function(e){var t=this.childView;if(!t)throw new Y({name:"NoChildViewError",message:'A "childView" must be specified'});if(!(t=this._getView(t,e)))throw new Y({name:"InvalidChildViewError",message:'"childView" must be a view class or a function that returns a view class'});return t},_getView:function(i,n){return i.prototype instanceof e.View||i===e.View?i:t.isFunction(i)?i.call(this,n):void 0},_getChildViewOptions:function(e){return t.isFunction(this.childViewOptions)?this.childViewOptions(e):this.childViewOptions},buildChildView:function(e,i,n){return new i(t.extend({model:e},n))},_setupChildView:function(e){w(e),e.on("destroy",this.removeChildView,this),this._proxyChildViewEvents(e)},_getImmediateChildren:function(){return this.children._views},setElement:function(){return e.View.prototype.setElement.apply(this,arguments),this._isAttached=k(this.el),this},render:function(){return this._isDestroyed?this:(this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._destroyChildren(),this.children._init(),this.collection&&this._addChildModels(this.collection.models),this._showChildren(),this._isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this)},sort:function(){return this._isDestroyed?this:this.children.length?(this._showChildren(),this):this},_showChildren:function(){this.isEmpty()?this._showEmptyView():(this._sortChildren(),this.filter())},isEmpty:function(e){return e||!this.children.length},_showEmptyView:function(){var e=this._getEmptyView();if(e){var t=this._getEmptyViewOptions();this.getEmptyRegion().show(new e(t))}},_getEmptyView:function(){var e=this.emptyView;if(e)return this._getView(e)},_destroyEmptyView:function(){var e=this.getEmptyRegion();e.hasView()&&e.empty()},_getEmptyViewOptions:function(){var e=this.emptyViewOptions||this.childViewOptions;return t.isFunction(e)?e.call(this):e},_sortChildren:function(){var e=this.getComparator();e&&(delete this._addedViews,this.triggerMethod("before:sort",this),this.children._sort(e,this),this.triggerMethod("sort",this))},setComparator:function(e){var t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{}).preventRender,i=this.viewComparator!==e&&!t;return this.viewComparator=e,i&&this.sort(),this},removeComparator:function(e){return this.setComparator(null,e)},getComparator:function(){return this.viewComparator?this.viewComparator:!(!this.sortWithCollection||!1===this.viewComparator||!this.collection)&&this._viewComparator},_viewComparator:function(e){return this.collection.indexOf(e.model)},filter:function(){if(this._isDestroyed)return this;if(!this.children.length)return this;var e=this._filterChildren();return this._renderChildren(e),this},_filterChildren:function(){var e=this,i=this._getFilter(),n=this._addedViews;if(delete this._addedViews,!i)return n||this.children._views;this.triggerMethod("before:filter",this);var s=[],r=[];return t.each(this.children._views,function(t,n,o){(i.call(e,t,n,o)?s:r).push(t)}),this._detachChildren(r),this.triggerMethod("filter",this,s,r),s},_getFilter:function(){var e=this.getFilter();if(!e)return!1;if(t.isFunction(e))return e;if(t.isObject(e)){var i=t.matches(e);return function(e){return i(e.model&&e.model.attributes)}}if(t.isString(e))return function(t){return t.model&&t.model.get(e)};throw new Y({name:"InvalidViewFilterError",message:'"viewFilter" must be a function, predicate object literal, a string indicating a model attribute, or falsy'})},getFilter:function(){return this.viewFilter},setFilter:function(e){var t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{}).preventRender,i=this.viewFilter!==e&&!t;return this.viewFilter=e,i&&this.filter(),this},removeFilter:function(e){return this.setFilter(null,e)},_detachChildren:function(e){t.each(e,t.bind(this._detachChildView,this))},_detachChildView:function(e){var t=e._isAttached&&!1!==this.monitorViewEvents;t&&r(e,"before:detach",e),this.detachHtml(e),t&&(e._isAttached=!1,r(e,"detach",e))},detachHtml:function(e){this.Dom.detachEl(e.el,e.$el)},_renderChildren:function(e){if(this.isEmpty(!e.length))this._showEmptyView();else{this._destroyEmptyView(),this.triggerMethod("before:render:children",this,e);var t=this._getBuffer(e);this._attachChildren(t,e),this.triggerMethod("render:children",this,e)}},_attachChildren:function(e,i){i=this._isAttached&&!1!==this.monitorViewEvents?i:[],t.each(i,function(e){e._isAttached||r(e,"before:attach",e)}),this.attachHtml(e),t.each(i,function(e){e._isAttached||(e._isAttached=!0,r(e,"attach",e))})},_getBuffer:function(e){var i=this,n=this.Dom.createBuffer();return t.each(e,function(e){$(e),i.Dom.appendContents(n,e.el,{_$contents:e.$el})}),n},attachHtml:function(e){this.Dom.appendContents(this.el,e,{_$el:this.$el})},swapChildViews:function(e,t){if(!this.children.hasView(e)||!this.children.hasView(t))throw new Y({name:"ChildSwapError",message:"Both views must be children of the collection view"});return this.children._swap(e,t),this.Dom.swapEl(e.el,t.el),this.Dom.hasEl(this.el,e.el)!==this.Dom.hasEl(this.el,t.el)&&this.filter(),this},addChildView:function(e,t){return!e||e._isDestroyed?e:((!t||t>=this.children.length)&&(this._addedViews=[e]),this._addChild(e,t),this._showChildren(),e)},detachChildView:function(e){return this.removeChildView(e,{shouldDetach:!0}),e},removeChildView:function(e,t){return e?(this._removeChildView(e,t),this._removeChild(e),this.isEmpty()&&this._showEmptyView(),e):e},_removeChildViews:function(e){t.each(e,t.bind(this._removeChildView,this))},_removeChildView:function(e){var t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{}).shouldDetach;e.off("destroy",this.removeChildView,this),t?this._detachChildView(e):this._destroyChildView(e),this.stopListening(e)},_destroyChildView:function(e){e._isDestroyed||(e._shouldDisableEvents=!1===this.monitorViewEvents,T(e))},_removeChildren:function(){this._destroyChildren(),this.getEmptyRegion().destroy(),delete this._addedViews},_destroyChildren:function(){this.children&&this.children.length&&(this.triggerMethod("before:destroy:children",this),!1===this.monitorViewEvents&&this.Dom.detachContents(this.el,this.$el),t.each(this.children._views,t.bind(this._removeChildView,this)),this.triggerMethod("destroy:children",this))}},{setDomApi:I});t.extend(Be.prototype,ue);var xe=["childViewContainer","template","templateContext"],De=be.extend({constructor:function(e){z("CompositeView is deprecated. Convert to View at your earliest convenience"),this.mergeOptions(e,xe),be.prototype.constructor.apply(this,arguments)},_initialEvents:function(){this.collection&&(this.listenTo(this.collection,"add",this._onCollectionAdd),this.listenTo(this.collection,"update",this._onCollectionUpdate),this.listenTo(this.collection,"reset",this.renderChildren),this.sort&&this.listenTo(this.collection,"sort",this._sortViews))},_getChildView:function(e){var t=this.childView;if(!t)return this.constructor;if(!(t=this._getView(t,e)))throw new Y({name:"InvalidChildViewError",message:'"childView" must be a view class or a function that returns a view class'});return t},serializeData:function(){return this.serializeModel()},render:function(){return this._isDestroyed?this:(this._isRendering=!0,this.resetChildViewContainer(),this.triggerMethod("before:render",this),this._renderTemplate(),this.bindUIElements(),this.renderChildren(),this._isRendering=!1,this._isRendered=!0,this.triggerMethod("render",this),this)},renderChildren:function(){(this._isRendered||this._isRendering)&&be.prototype._renderChildren.call(this)},attachBuffer:function(e,t){var i=this.getChildViewContainer(e);this.Dom.appendContents(i[0],t,{_$el:i})},_insertAfter:function(e){var t=this.getChildViewContainer(this,e);this.Dom.appendContents(t[0],e.el,{_$el:t,_$contents:e.$el})},_appendReorderedChildren:function(e){var t=this.getChildViewContainer(this);this.Dom.appendContents(t[0],e,{_$el:t})},getChildViewContainer:function(e,i){if(e.$childViewContainer)return e.$childViewContainer;var n=void 0;if(e.childViewContainer){var s=t.result(e,"childViewContainer");if((n="@"===s.charAt(0)&&e.ui?e.ui[s.substr(4)]:this.$(s)).length<=0)throw new Y({name:"ChildViewContainerMissingError",message:'The specified "childViewContainer" was not found: '+e.childViewContainer})}else n=e.$el;return e.$childViewContainer=n,n},resetChildViewContainer:function(){this.$childViewContainer&&(this.$childViewContainer=void 0)}}),Ae=t.pick(we.prototype,"serializeModel","getTemplate","_renderTemplate","_renderHtml","mixinTemplateContext","attachElContent");t.extend(De.prototype,Ae);var Oe=["collectionEvents","events","modelEvents","triggers","ui"],Ie=Q.extend({cidPrefix:"mnb",constructor:function(e,i){this.view=i,this.defaults&&z("Behavior defaults are deprecated. For similar functionality set options on the Behavior class."),this.defaults=t.clone(t.result(this,"defaults",{})),this._setOptions(t.extend({},this.defaults,e)),this.mergeOptions(this.options,Oe),this.ui=t.extend({},t.result(this,"ui"),t.result(i,"ui")),Q.apply(this,arguments)},$:function(){return this.view.$.apply(this.view,arguments)},destroy:function(){return this.stopListening(),this.view._removeBehavior(this),this},proxyViewProperties:function(){return this.$el=this.view.$el,this.el=this.view.el,this},bindUIElements:function(){return this._bindUIElements(),this},unbindUIElements:function(){return this._unbindUIElements(),this},getUI:function(e){return this._getUI(e)},delegateEntityEvents:function(){return this._delegateEntityEvents(this.view.model,this.view.collection),this},undelegateEntityEvents:function(){return this._undelegateEntityEvents(this.view.model,this.view.collection),this},getEvents:function(){var e=this,i=this.normalizeUIKeys(t.result(this,"events"));return t.reduce(i,function(i,n,s){return t.isFunction(n)||(n=e[n]),n?(s=se(s,e.cid),i[s]=t.bind(n,e),i):i},{})},getTriggers:function(){if(this.triggers){var e=this.normalizeUIKeys(t.result(this,"triggers"));return this._getViewTriggers(this.view,e)}}});t.extend(Ie.prototype,ie,oe,ae);var $e=["region","regionClass"],Te=Q.extend({cidPrefix:"mna",constructor:function(e){this._setOptions(e),this.mergeOptions(e,$e),this._initRegion(),Q.prototype.constructor.apply(this,arguments)},regionClass:_e,_initRegion:function(){var e=this.region;if(e){var t={regionClass:this.regionClass};this._region=pe(e,t)}},getRegion:function(){return this._region},showView:function(e){for(var t=this.getRegion(),i=arguments.length,n=Array(i>1?i-1:0),s=1;s<i;s++)n[s-1]=arguments[s];return t.show.apply(t,[e].concat(n))},getView:function(){return this.getRegion().currentView},start:function(e){return this.triggerMethod("before:start",this,e),this.triggerMethod("start",this,e),this}}),Ue=["appRoutes","controller"],Se=e.Router.extend({constructor:function(t){this._setOptions(t),this.mergeOptions(t,Ue),e.Router.apply(this,arguments);var i=this.appRoutes,n=this._getController();this.processAppRoutes(n,i),this.on("route",this._processOnRoute,this)},appRoute:function(e,t){var i=this._getController();return this._addAppRoute(i,e,t),this},_processOnRoute:function(e,i){if(t.isFunction(this.onRoute)){var n=t.invert(this.appRoutes)[e];this.onRoute(e,n,i)}},processAppRoutes:function(e,i){var n=this;if(!i)return this;var s=t.keys(i).reverse();return t.each(s,function(t){n._addAppRoute(e,t,i[t])}),this},_getController:function(){return this.controller},_addAppRoute:function(e,i,n){var s=e[n];if(!s)throw new Y('Method "'+n+'" was not found on the controller');this.route(i,n,t.bind(s,e))},triggerMethod:s});t.extend(Se.prototype,Z);var Fe=e.Marionette,Le=e.Marionette={};return Le.noConflict=function(){return e.Marionette=Fe,this},Le.bindEvents=L(V),Le.unbindEvents=L(E),Le.bindRequests=L(M),Le.unbindRequests=L(R),Le.mergeOptions=L(j),Le.getOption=L(N),Le.normalizeMethods=L(H),Le.extend=P,Le.isNodeAttached=k,Le.deprecate=z,Le.triggerMethod=L(s),Le.triggerMethodOn=r,Le.isEnabled=D,Le.setEnabled=function(e,t){return re[e]=t},Le.monitorViewEvents=w,Le.Behaviors={},Le.Behaviors.behaviorsLookup=function(){throw new Y({message:"You must define where your behaviors are stored.",url:"marionette.behaviors.md#behaviorslookup"})},Le.Application=Te,Le.AppRouter=Se,Le.Renderer=ve,Le.TemplateCache=X,Le.View=we,Le.CollectionView=be,Le.NextCollectionView=Be,Le.CompositeView=De,Le.Behavior=Ie,Le.Region=_e,Le.Error=Y,Le.Object=Q,Le.DEV_MODE=!1,Le.FEATURES=re,Le.VERSION="3.5.1",Le.DomApi=ce,Le.setDomApi=function(e){be.setDomApi(e),De.setDomApi(e),Be.setDomApi(e),_e.setDomApi(e),we.setDomApi(e)},Le}),this&&this.Marionette&&(this.Mn=this.Marionette); //# sourceMappingURL=backbone.marionette.min.js.map

معرفة

بين التربية والتقنية هل ينتج العالم الافتراضي جيلاً مثقفًا أم معزولًا؟

مايو 18, 2025

3٬142 2 دقائق

كتبت شروق عارف

في ظل التطور التكنولوجي الحادث والابتكارات الجديدة ظهر العالم الافتراضي الذي أحدث ثورة في كافة المجالات مما جعلنا نطرح سؤال مهم ماذا لو أصبح التعليم مرتبط بالعالم الافتراضي؟ وكيف سيؤثر هذا الربط على الطلاب وتحصيلهم الأكاديمي ؟
ما هو العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس؟
في البداية علينا تعريف العالم الافتراضي والميتافيرس العالم الافتراضي يعد تقنية تسمح للمستخدمين بالانخراط في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد و يتم إنشاؤها من خلال الحاسوب ويتيح العالم الافتراضي للمستخدمين الشعور بأنهم حاضرين في هذا العالم يحدث ذلك من خلال استخدام نظارات مخصصة كما عرف المركز الوطني للتعليم الإلكتروني العالم الافتراضي بأنه بيئة افتراضية بالكامل
أما الميتافيرس فهو عبارة عن عالم رقمي ثلاثي الأبعاد يحاكي الواقع ويتيح التفاعل الاجتماعي والترفيهي بمعنى أوضح يعد بيئة مفتوحة تمثل العالم الحقيقي تتيح لأي شخص التحرك في أي مكان داخل العالم الافتراضي هذه التقنية المتقدمة تخلق بيئة افتراضية تتيح للمستخدمين التفاعل معها بشكل واقعي
‏ التعليم في العالم الافتراضي
‏ في حالة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سوف يحدث ذلك طفرة في أساليب التدريس من خلال خلق موارد تعليمية جديدة مما سيساهم بشكل كبير في تحسين تجربة التعليم من خلال تعزيز المشاركة وزيادة الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات سيتم ذلك من خلال إدخال الطالب في بيئة ثلاثية الأبعاد مما سيتيح له تجربة تعليمية فريدة من نوعها
مزايا وتحديات ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي
من أهم المزايا التي يقدمها العالم الافتراضي للطلاب هو إعدادهم للعمل في المستقبل وذلك من خلال تزويدهم بخبرات لا حصر لها كما أن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي سيساهم بشكل كبير في زيادة القدرة على الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات بالإضافة إلى ذلك يمكن للعالم الافتراضي توفير تجارب تعليمية فريدة من نوعها باستخدام تقنية الواقع الافتراضي التي تتيح نقل الطلاب إلى أماكن وبيئات مختلفة قد لا يتمكنون من الوصول إليها بطرق تقليدية
‏ ومع ذلك، تواجه هذه الفوائد عدة تحديات أبرزها التكلفة العالية حيث تعتبر معدات وبرامج الواقع الافتراضي باهظة الثمن بالإضافة إلى ذلك هناك نقص في تدريب المعلمين على استخدام تقنيات الواقع الافتراضي مما قد يؤدي إلى انخفاض في نتائج التعلم فعلى سبيل المثال تجربة نظام التابلت في أول سنة حققت فشل ذريع وذلك بسبب عدم فهم المعلمين والطلاب لطبيعة النظام

آراء متباينة حول فاعلية العالم الافتراضي
أوضح محمد عصام مدرس الفلسفة وعلم النفس في المرحلة الثانوية أن فكرة ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي تعتبر مميزة للغاية ولكن أكد على ضرورة تطبيقها بشكل صحيح ومدروس وأضاف أن الإمكانيات الحالية في مصر لا تسمح بتطبيق هذه التقنية كما أضاف الاعتماد المفرط على التكنولوجيا في التعليم سوف يكون له آثار سلبية على الطلاب بالإضافة إلى أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحل محل المعلم
من جانبه قال محمود محسن مدرس اللغة العربية بالمرحلة الإعدادية إن إدخال العالم الافتراضي في التعليم قد يوثر بشكل إجابي في العملية التعليمية من حيث الشكل والمحتوى لكنه شدد على أهمية المعلم في التعليم موكدا أن التفاعل المباشر بين الطالب والمعلم يظل عنصرًا أساسيا لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه وأضاف محمود أن التعليم لا يقتصر فقط على المعلومات بل يشمل القيم والتربية والتوجيه وهي أمور يصعب نقلها بشكل فعال من خلال بيئة افتراضية بحتة
وعلي جانب اخر أضاف أحمد فؤاد مدرس الدراسات في المرحلة الابتدائية أن استخدام العالم الافتراضي في التعليم سيسهم بشكل كبير في تحسين مستوى تحصيل الطلاب خاصة في المرحلة الابتدائية وأوضح أن دمج التكنولوجيا في العملية التعليمية سيجعل الدراسة أكثر متعة مما قد يزيد من دافعية الطلاب للتعلم وتحسين استيعابهم للمحتوى

‏ يمكن القول إن ربط التعليم بالعالم الافتراضي قد يسهم بشكل كبير في توسيع أفاقنا الفكرية وسوف يجعل التجربة التعليمية أكثر متعة ولكن مع ذلك يجب التعامل مع هذه التقنية بحذر حتى نتجنب الأثار السلبية وعلينا التأكد أن العالم الافتراضي لا يمكن أن يحلل محل المعلم

مايو 18, 2025

3٬142 2 دقائق