/*! * jQuery UI Sortable 1.13.3 * https://jqueryui.com * * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors * Released under the MIT license. * https://jquery.org/license */ //>>label: Sortable //>>group: Interactions //>>description: Enables items in a list to be sorted using the mouse. //>>docs: https://api.jqueryui.com/sortable/ //>>demos: https://jqueryui.com/sortable/ //>>css.structure: ../../themes/base/sortable.css ( function( factory ) { "use strict"; if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) { // AMD. Register as an anonymous module. define( [ "jquery", "./mouse", "../data", "../ie", "../scroll-parent", "../version", "../widget" ], factory ); } else { // Browser globals factory( jQuery ); } } )( function( $ ) { "use strict"; return $.widget( "ui.sortable", $.ui.mouse, { version: "1.13.3", widgetEventPrefix: "sort", ready: false, options: { appendTo: "parent", axis: false, connectWith: false, containment: false, cursor: "auto", cursorAt: false, dropOnEmpty: true, forcePlaceholderSize: false, forceHelperSize: false, grid: false, handle: false, helper: "original", items: "> *", opacity: false, placeholder: false, revert: false, scroll: true, scrollSensitivity: 20, scrollSpeed: 20, scope: "default", tolerance: "intersect", zIndex: 1000, // Callbacks activate: null, beforeStop: null, change: null, deactivate: null, out: null, over: null, receive: null, remove: null, sort: null, start: null, stop: null, update: null }, _isOverAxis: function( x, reference, size ) { return ( x >= reference ) && ( x < ( reference + size ) ); }, _isFloating: function( item ) { return ( /left|right/ ).test( item.css( "float" ) ) || ( /inline|table-cell/ ).test( item.css( "display" ) ); }, _create: function() { this.containerCache = {}; this._addClass( "ui-sortable" ); //Get the items this.refresh(); //Let's determine the parent's offset this.offset = this.element.offset(); //Initialize mouse events for interaction this._mouseInit(); this._setHandleClassName(); //We're ready to go this.ready = true; }, _setOption: function( key, value ) { this._super( key, value ); if ( key === "handle" ) { this._setHandleClassName(); } }, _setHandleClassName: function() { var that = this; this._removeClass( this.element.find( ".ui-sortable-handle" ), "ui-sortable-handle" ); $.each( this.items, function() { that._addClass( this.instance.options.handle ? this.item.find( this.instance.options.handle ) : this.item, "ui-sortable-handle" ); } ); }, _destroy: function() { this._mouseDestroy(); for ( var i = this.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { this.items[ i ].item.removeData( this.widgetName + "-item" ); } return this; }, _mouseCapture: function( event, overrideHandle ) { var currentItem = null, validHandle = false, that = this; if ( this.reverting ) { return false; } if ( this.options.disabled || this.options.type === "static" ) { return false; } //We have to refresh the items data once first this._refreshItems( event ); //Find out if the clicked node (or one of its parents) is a actual item in this.items $( event.target ).parents().each( function() { if ( $.data( this, that.widgetName + "-item" ) === that ) { currentItem = $( this ); return false; } } ); if ( $.data( event.target, that.widgetName + "-item" ) === that ) { currentItem = $( event.target ); } if ( !currentItem ) { return false; } if ( this.options.handle && !overrideHandle ) { $( this.options.handle, currentItem ).find( "*" ).addBack().each( function() { if ( this === event.target ) { validHandle = true; } } ); if ( !validHandle ) { return false; } } this.currentItem = currentItem; this._removeCurrentsFromItems(); return true; }, _mouseStart: function( event, overrideHandle, noActivation ) { var i, body, o = this.options; this.currentContainer = this; //We only need to call refreshPositions, because the refreshItems call has been moved to // mouseCapture this.refreshPositions(); //Prepare the dragged items parent this.appendTo = $( o.appendTo !== "parent" ? o.appendTo : this.currentItem.parent() ); //Create and append the visible helper this.helper = this._createHelper( event ); //Cache the helper size this._cacheHelperProportions(); /* * - Position generation - * This block generates everything position related - it's the core of draggables. */ //Cache the margins of the original element this._cacheMargins(); //The element's absolute position on the page minus margins this.offset = this.currentItem.offset(); this.offset = { top: this.offset.top - this.margins.top, left: this.offset.left - this.margins.left }; $.extend( this.offset, { click: { //Where the click happened, relative to the element left: event.pageX - this.offset.left, top: event.pageY - this.offset.top }, // This is a relative to absolute position minus the actual position calculation - // only used for relative positioned helper relative: this._getRelativeOffset() } ); // After we get the helper offset, but before we get the parent offset we can // change the helper's position to absolute // TODO: Still need to figure out a way to make relative sorting possible this.helper.css( "position", "absolute" ); this.cssPosition = this.helper.css( "position" ); //Adjust the mouse offset relative to the helper if "cursorAt" is supplied if ( o.cursorAt ) { this._adjustOffsetFromHelper( o.cursorAt ); } //Cache the former DOM position this.domPosition = { prev: this.currentItem.prev()[ 0 ], parent: this.currentItem.parent()[ 0 ] }; // If the helper is not the original, hide the original so it's not playing any role during // the drag, won't cause anything bad this way if ( this.helper[ 0 ] !== this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { this.currentItem.hide(); } //Create the placeholder this._createPlaceholder(); //Get the next scrolling parent this.scrollParent = this.placeholder.scrollParent(); $.extend( this.offset, { parent: this._getParentOffset() } ); //Set a containment if given in the options if ( o.containment ) { this._setContainment(); } if ( o.cursor && o.cursor !== "auto" ) { // cursor option body = this.document.find( "body" ); // Support: IE this.storedCursor = body.css( "cursor" ); body.css( "cursor", o.cursor ); this.storedStylesheet = $( "<style>*{ cursor: " + o.cursor + " !important; }</style>" ).appendTo( body ); } // We need to make sure to grab the zIndex before setting the // opacity, because setting the opacity to anything lower than 1 // causes the zIndex to change from "auto" to 0. if ( o.zIndex ) { // zIndex option if ( this.helper.css( "zIndex" ) ) { this._storedZIndex = this.helper.css( "zIndex" ); } this.helper.css( "zIndex", o.zIndex ); } if ( o.opacity ) { // opacity option if ( this.helper.css( "opacity" ) ) { this._storedOpacity = this.helper.css( "opacity" ); } this.helper.css( "opacity", o.opacity ); } //Prepare scrolling if ( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && this.scrollParent[ 0 ].tagName !== "HTML" ) { this.overflowOffset = this.scrollParent.offset(); } //Call callbacks this._trigger( "start", event, this._uiHash() ); //Recache the helper size if ( !this._preserveHelperProportions ) { this._cacheHelperProportions(); } //Post "activate" events to possible containers if ( !noActivation ) { for ( i = this.containers.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { this.containers[ i ]._trigger( "activate", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); } } //Prepare possible droppables if ( $.ui.ddmanager ) { $.ui.ddmanager.current = this; } if ( $.ui.ddmanager && !o.dropBehaviour ) { $.ui.ddmanager.prepareOffsets( this, event ); } this.dragging = true; this._addClass( this.helper, "ui-sortable-helper" ); //Move the helper, if needed if ( !this.helper.parent().is( this.appendTo ) ) { this.helper.detach().appendTo( this.appendTo ); //Update position this.offset.parent = this._getParentOffset(); } //Generate the original position this.position = this.originalPosition = this._generatePosition( event ); this.originalPageX = event.pageX; this.originalPageY = event.pageY; this.lastPositionAbs = this.positionAbs = this._convertPositionTo( "absolute" ); this._mouseDrag( event ); return true; }, _scroll: function( event ) { var o = this.options, scrolled = false; if ( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && this.scrollParent[ 0 ].tagName !== "HTML" ) { if ( ( this.overflowOffset.top + this.scrollParent[ 0 ].offsetHeight ) - event.pageY < o.scrollSensitivity ) { this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollTop = scrolled = this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollTop + o.scrollSpeed; } else if ( event.pageY - this.overflowOffset.top < o.scrollSensitivity ) { this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollTop = scrolled = this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollTop - o.scrollSpeed; } if ( ( this.overflowOffset.left + this.scrollParent[ 0 ].offsetWidth ) - event.pageX < o.scrollSensitivity ) { this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollLeft = scrolled = this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollLeft + o.scrollSpeed; } else if ( event.pageX - this.overflowOffset.left < o.scrollSensitivity ) { this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollLeft = scrolled = this.scrollParent[ 0 ].scrollLeft - o.scrollSpeed; } } else { if ( event.pageY - this.document.scrollTop() < o.scrollSensitivity ) { scrolled = this.document.scrollTop( this.document.scrollTop() - o.scrollSpeed ); } else if ( this.window.height() - ( event.pageY - this.document.scrollTop() ) < o.scrollSensitivity ) { scrolled = this.document.scrollTop( this.document.scrollTop() + o.scrollSpeed ); } if ( event.pageX - this.document.scrollLeft() < o.scrollSensitivity ) { scrolled = this.document.scrollLeft( this.document.scrollLeft() - o.scrollSpeed ); } else if ( this.window.width() - ( event.pageX - this.document.scrollLeft() ) < o.scrollSensitivity ) { scrolled = this.document.scrollLeft( this.document.scrollLeft() + o.scrollSpeed ); } } return scrolled; }, _mouseDrag: function( event ) { var i, item, itemElement, intersection, o = this.options; //Compute the helpers position this.position = this._generatePosition( event ); this.positionAbs = this._convertPositionTo( "absolute" ); //Set the helper position if ( !this.options.axis || this.options.axis !== "y" ) { this.helper[ 0 ].style.left = this.position.left + "px"; } if ( !this.options.axis || this.options.axis !== "x" ) { this.helper[ 0 ].style.top = this.position.top + "px"; } //Do scrolling if ( o.scroll ) { if ( this._scroll( event ) !== false ) { //Update item positions used in position checks this._refreshItemPositions( true ); if ( $.ui.ddmanager && !o.dropBehaviour ) { $.ui.ddmanager.prepareOffsets( this, event ); } } } this.dragDirection = { vertical: this._getDragVerticalDirection(), horizontal: this._getDragHorizontalDirection() }; //Rearrange for ( i = this.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { //Cache variables and intersection, continue if no intersection item = this.items[ i ]; itemElement = item.item[ 0 ]; intersection = this._intersectsWithPointer( item ); if ( !intersection ) { continue; } // Only put the placeholder inside the current Container, skip all // items from other containers. This works because when moving // an item from one container to another the // currentContainer is switched before the placeholder is moved. // // Without this, moving items in "sub-sortables" can cause // the placeholder to jitter between the outer and inner container. if ( item.instance !== this.currentContainer ) { continue; } // Cannot intersect with itself // no useless actions that have been done before // no action if the item moved is the parent of the item checked if ( itemElement !== this.currentItem[ 0 ] && this.placeholder[ intersection === 1 ? "next" : "prev" ]()[ 0 ] !== itemElement && !$.contains( this.placeholder[ 0 ], itemElement ) && ( this.options.type === "semi-dynamic" ? !$.contains( this.element[ 0 ], itemElement ) : true ) ) { this.direction = intersection === 1 ? "down" : "up"; if ( this.options.tolerance === "pointer" || this._intersectsWithSides( item ) ) { this._rearrange( event, item ); } else { break; } this._trigger( "change", event, this._uiHash() ); break; } } //Post events to containers this._contactContainers( event ); //Interconnect with droppables if ( $.ui.ddmanager ) { $.ui.ddmanager.drag( this, event ); } //Call callbacks this._trigger( "sort", event, this._uiHash() ); this.lastPositionAbs = this.positionAbs; return false; }, _mouseStop: function( event, noPropagation ) { if ( !event ) { return; } //If we are using droppables, inform the manager about the drop if ( $.ui.ddmanager && !this.options.dropBehaviour ) { $.ui.ddmanager.drop( this, event ); } if ( this.options.revert ) { var that = this, cur = this.placeholder.offset(), axis = this.options.axis, animation = {}; if ( !axis || axis === "x" ) { animation.left = cur.left - this.offset.parent.left - this.margins.left + ( this.offsetParent[ 0 ] === this.document[ 0 ].body ? 0 : this.offsetParent[ 0 ].scrollLeft ); } if ( !axis || axis === "y" ) { animation.top = cur.top - this.offset.parent.top - this.margins.top + ( this.offsetParent[ 0 ] === this.document[ 0 ].body ? 0 : this.offsetParent[ 0 ].scrollTop ); } this.reverting = true; $( this.helper ).animate( animation, parseInt( this.options.revert, 10 ) || 500, function() { that._clear( event ); } ); } else { this._clear( event, noPropagation ); } return false; }, cancel: function() { if ( this.dragging ) { this._mouseUp( new $.Event( "mouseup", { target: null } ) ); if ( this.options.helper === "original" ) { this.currentItem.css( this._storedCSS ); this._removeClass( this.currentItem, "ui-sortable-helper" ); } else { this.currentItem.show(); } //Post deactivating events to containers for ( var i = this.containers.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { this.containers[ i ]._trigger( "deactivate", null, this._uiHash( this ) ); if ( this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over ) { this.containers[ i ]._trigger( "out", null, this._uiHash( this ) ); this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over = 0; } } } if ( this.placeholder ) { //$(this.placeholder[0]).remove(); would have been the jQuery way - unfortunately, // it unbinds ALL events from the original node! if ( this.placeholder[ 0 ].parentNode ) { this.placeholder[ 0 ].parentNode.removeChild( this.placeholder[ 0 ] ); } if ( this.options.helper !== "original" && this.helper && this.helper[ 0 ].parentNode ) { this.helper.remove(); } $.extend( this, { helper: null, dragging: false, reverting: false, _noFinalSort: null } ); if ( this.domPosition.prev ) { $( this.domPosition.prev ).after( this.currentItem ); } else { $( this.domPosition.parent ).prepend( this.currentItem ); } } return this; }, serialize: function( o ) { var items = this._getItemsAsjQuery( o && o.connected ), str = []; o = o || {}; $( items ).each( function() { var res = ( $( o.item || this ).attr( o.attribute || "id" ) || "" ) .match( o.expression || ( /(.+)[\-=_](.+)/ ) ); if ( res ) { str.push( ( o.key || res[ 1 ] + "[]" ) + "=" + ( o.key && o.expression ? res[ 1 ] : res[ 2 ] ) ); } } ); if ( !str.length && o.key ) { str.push( o.key + "=" ); } return str.join( "&" ); }, toArray: function( o ) { var items = this._getItemsAsjQuery( o && o.connected ), ret = []; o = o || {}; items.each( function() { ret.push( $( o.item || this ).attr( o.attribute || "id" ) || "" ); } ); return ret; }, /* Be careful with the following core functions */ _intersectsWith: function( item ) { var x1 = this.positionAbs.left, x2 = x1 + this.helperProportions.width, y1 = this.positionAbs.top, y2 = y1 + this.helperProportions.height, l = item.left, r = l + item.width, t = item.top, b = t + item.height, dyClick = this.offset.click.top, dxClick = this.offset.click.left, isOverElementHeight = ( this.options.axis === "x" ) || ( ( y1 + dyClick ) > t && ( y1 + dyClick ) < b ), isOverElementWidth = ( this.options.axis === "y" ) || ( ( x1 + dxClick ) > l && ( x1 + dxClick ) < r ), isOverElement = isOverElementHeight && isOverElementWidth; if ( this.options.tolerance === "pointer" || this.options.forcePointerForContainers || ( this.options.tolerance !== "pointer" && this.helperProportions[ this.floating ? "width" : "height" ] > item[ this.floating ? "width" : "height" ] ) ) { return isOverElement; } else { return ( l < x1 + ( this.helperProportions.width / 2 ) && // Right Half x2 - ( this.helperProportions.width / 2 ) < r && // Left Half t < y1 + ( this.helperProportions.height / 2 ) && // Bottom Half y2 - ( this.helperProportions.height / 2 ) < b ); // Top Half } }, _intersectsWithPointer: function( item ) { var verticalDirection, horizontalDirection, isOverElementHeight = ( this.options.axis === "x" ) || this._isOverAxis( this.positionAbs.top + this.offset.click.top, item.top, item.height ), isOverElementWidth = ( this.options.axis === "y" ) || this._isOverAxis( this.positionAbs.left + this.offset.click.left, item.left, item.width ), isOverElement = isOverElementHeight && isOverElementWidth; if ( !isOverElement ) { return false; } verticalDirection = this.dragDirection.vertical; horizontalDirection = this.dragDirection.horizontal; return this.floating ? ( ( horizontalDirection === "right" || verticalDirection === "down" ) ? 2 : 1 ) : ( verticalDirection && ( verticalDirection === "down" ? 2 : 1 ) ); }, _intersectsWithSides: function( item ) { var isOverBottomHalf = this._isOverAxis( this.positionAbs.top + this.offset.click.top, item.top + ( item.height / 2 ), item.height ), isOverRightHalf = this._isOverAxis( this.positionAbs.left + this.offset.click.left, item.left + ( item.width / 2 ), item.width ), verticalDirection = this.dragDirection.vertical, horizontalDirection = this.dragDirection.horizontal; if ( this.floating && horizontalDirection ) { return ( ( horizontalDirection === "right" && isOverRightHalf ) || ( horizontalDirection === "left" && !isOverRightHalf ) ); } else { return verticalDirection && ( ( verticalDirection === "down" && isOverBottomHalf ) || ( verticalDirection === "up" && !isOverBottomHalf ) ); } }, _getDragVerticalDirection: function() { var delta = this.positionAbs.top - this.lastPositionAbs.top; return delta !== 0 && ( delta > 0 ? "down" : "up" ); }, _getDragHorizontalDirection: function() { var delta = this.positionAbs.left - this.lastPositionAbs.left; return delta !== 0 && ( delta > 0 ? "right" : "left" ); }, refresh: function( event ) { this._refreshItems( event ); this._setHandleClassName(); this.refreshPositions(); return this; }, _connectWith: function() { var options = this.options; return options.connectWith.constructor === String ? [ options.connectWith ] : options.connectWith; }, _getItemsAsjQuery: function( connected ) { var i, j, cur, inst, items = [], queries = [], connectWith = this._connectWith(); if ( connectWith && connected ) { for ( i = connectWith.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { cur = $( connectWith[ i ], this.document[ 0 ] ); for ( j = cur.length - 1; j >= 0; j-- ) { inst = $.data( cur[ j ], this.widgetFullName ); if ( inst && inst !== this && !inst.options.disabled ) { queries.push( [ typeof inst.options.items === "function" ? inst.options.items.call( inst.element ) : $( inst.options.items, inst.element ) .not( ".ui-sortable-helper" ) .not( ".ui-sortable-placeholder" ), inst ] ); } } } } queries.push( [ typeof this.options.items === "function" ? this.options.items .call( this.element, null, { options: this.options, item: this.currentItem } ) : $( this.options.items, this.element ) .not( ".ui-sortable-helper" ) .not( ".ui-sortable-placeholder" ), this ] ); function addItems() { items.push( this ); } for ( i = queries.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { queries[ i ][ 0 ].each( addItems ); } return $( items ); }, _removeCurrentsFromItems: function() { var list = this.currentItem.find( ":data(" + this.widgetName + "-item)" ); this.items = $.grep( this.items, function( item ) { for ( var j = 0; j < list.length; j++ ) { if ( list[ j ] === item.item[ 0 ] ) { return false; } } return true; } ); }, _refreshItems: function( event ) { this.items = []; this.containers = [ this ]; var i, j, cur, inst, targetData, _queries, item, queriesLength, items = this.items, queries = [ [ typeof this.options.items === "function" ? this.options.items.call( this.element[ 0 ], event, { item: this.currentItem } ) : $( this.options.items, this.element ), this ] ], connectWith = this._connectWith(); //Shouldn't be run the first time through due to massive slow-down if ( connectWith && this.ready ) { for ( i = connectWith.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { cur = $( connectWith[ i ], this.document[ 0 ] ); for ( j = cur.length - 1; j >= 0; j-- ) { inst = $.data( cur[ j ], this.widgetFullName ); if ( inst && inst !== this && !inst.options.disabled ) { queries.push( [ typeof inst.options.items === "function" ? inst.options.items .call( inst.element[ 0 ], event, { item: this.currentItem } ) : $( inst.options.items, inst.element ), inst ] ); this.containers.push( inst ); } } } } for ( i = queries.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { targetData = queries[ i ][ 1 ]; _queries = queries[ i ][ 0 ]; for ( j = 0, queriesLength = _queries.length; j < queriesLength; j++ ) { item = $( _queries[ j ] ); // Data for target checking (mouse manager) item.data( this.widgetName + "-item", targetData ); items.push( { item: item, instance: targetData, width: 0, height: 0, left: 0, top: 0 } ); } } }, _refreshItemPositions: function( fast ) { var i, item, t, p; for ( i = this.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { item = this.items[ i ]; //We ignore calculating positions of all connected containers when we're not over them if ( this.currentContainer && item.instance !== this.currentContainer && item.item[ 0 ] !== this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { continue; } t = this.options.toleranceElement ? $( this.options.toleranceElement, item.item ) : item.item; if ( !fast ) { item.width = t.outerWidth(); item.height = t.outerHeight(); } p = t.offset(); item.left = p.left; item.top = p.top; } }, refreshPositions: function( fast ) { // Determine whether items are being displayed horizontally this.floating = this.items.length ? this.options.axis === "x" || this._isFloating( this.items[ 0 ].item ) : false; // This has to be redone because due to the item being moved out/into the offsetParent, // the offsetParent's position will change if ( this.offsetParent && this.helper ) { this.offset.parent = this._getParentOffset(); } this._refreshItemPositions( fast ); var i, p; if ( this.options.custom && this.options.custom.refreshContainers ) { this.options.custom.refreshContainers.call( this ); } else { for ( i = this.containers.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { p = this.containers[ i ].element.offset(); this.containers[ i ].containerCache.left = p.left; this.containers[ i ].containerCache.top = p.top; this.containers[ i ].containerCache.width = this.containers[ i ].element.outerWidth(); this.containers[ i ].containerCache.height = this.containers[ i ].element.outerHeight(); } } return this; }, _createPlaceholder: function( that ) { that = that || this; var className, nodeName, o = that.options; if ( !o.placeholder || o.placeholder.constructor === String ) { className = o.placeholder; nodeName = that.currentItem[ 0 ].nodeName.toLowerCase(); o.placeholder = { element: function() { var element = $( "<" + nodeName + ">", that.document[ 0 ] ); that._addClass( element, "ui-sortable-placeholder", className || that.currentItem[ 0 ].className ) ._removeClass( element, "ui-sortable-helper" ); if ( nodeName === "tbody" ) { that._createTrPlaceholder( that.currentItem.find( "tr" ).eq( 0 ), $( "<tr>", that.document[ 0 ] ).appendTo( element ) ); } else if ( nodeName === "tr" ) { that._createTrPlaceholder( that.currentItem, element ); } else if ( nodeName === "img" ) { element.attr( "src", that.currentItem.attr( "src" ) ); } if ( !className ) { element.css( "visibility", "hidden" ); } return element; }, update: function( container, p ) { // 1. If a className is set as 'placeholder option, we don't force sizes - // the class is responsible for that // 2. The option 'forcePlaceholderSize can be enabled to force it even if a // class name is specified if ( className && !o.forcePlaceholderSize ) { return; } // If the element doesn't have a actual height or width by itself (without // styles coming from a stylesheet), it receives the inline height and width // from the dragged item. Or, if it's a tbody or tr, it's going to have a height // anyway since we're populating them with <td>s above, but they're unlikely to // be the correct height on their own if the row heights are dynamic, so we'll // always assign the height of the dragged item given forcePlaceholderSize // is true. if ( !p.height() || ( o.forcePlaceholderSize && ( nodeName === "tbody" || nodeName === "tr" ) ) ) { p.height( that.currentItem.innerHeight() - parseInt( that.currentItem.css( "paddingTop" ) || 0, 10 ) - parseInt( that.currentItem.css( "paddingBottom" ) || 0, 10 ) ); } if ( !p.width() ) { p.width( that.currentItem.innerWidth() - parseInt( that.currentItem.css( "paddingLeft" ) || 0, 10 ) - parseInt( that.currentItem.css( "paddingRight" ) || 0, 10 ) ); } } }; } //Create the placeholder that.placeholder = $( o.placeholder.element.call( that.element, that.currentItem ) ); //Append it after the actual current item that.currentItem.after( that.placeholder ); //Update the size of the placeholder (TODO: Logic to fuzzy, see line 316/317) o.placeholder.update( that, that.placeholder ); }, _createTrPlaceholder: function( sourceTr, targetTr ) { var that = this; sourceTr.children().each( function() { $( "<td> </td>", that.document[ 0 ] ) .attr( "colspan", $( this ).attr( "colspan" ) || 1 ) .appendTo( targetTr ); } ); }, _contactContainers: function( event ) { var i, j, dist, itemWithLeastDistance, posProperty, sizeProperty, cur, nearBottom, floating, axis, innermostContainer = null, innermostIndex = null; // Get innermost container that intersects with item for ( i = this.containers.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { // Never consider a container that's located within the item itself if ( $.contains( this.currentItem[ 0 ], this.containers[ i ].element[ 0 ] ) ) { continue; } if ( this._intersectsWith( this.containers[ i ].containerCache ) ) { // If we've already found a container and it's more "inner" than this, then continue if ( innermostContainer && $.contains( this.containers[ i ].element[ 0 ], innermostContainer.element[ 0 ] ) ) { continue; } innermostContainer = this.containers[ i ]; innermostIndex = i; } else { // container doesn't intersect. trigger "out" event if necessary if ( this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over ) { this.containers[ i ]._trigger( "out", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over = 0; } } } // If no intersecting containers found, return if ( !innermostContainer ) { return; } // Move the item into the container if it's not there already if ( this.containers.length === 1 ) { if ( !this.containers[ innermostIndex ].containerCache.over ) { this.containers[ innermostIndex ]._trigger( "over", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); this.containers[ innermostIndex ].containerCache.over = 1; } } else { // When entering a new container, we will find the item with the least distance and // append our item near it dist = 10000; itemWithLeastDistance = null; floating = innermostContainer.floating || this._isFloating( this.currentItem ); posProperty = floating ? "left" : "top"; sizeProperty = floating ? "width" : "height"; axis = floating ? "pageX" : "pageY"; for ( j = this.items.length - 1; j >= 0; j-- ) { if ( !$.contains( this.containers[ innermostIndex ].element[ 0 ], this.items[ j ].item[ 0 ] ) ) { continue; } if ( this.items[ j ].item[ 0 ] === this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { continue; } cur = this.items[ j ].item.offset()[ posProperty ]; nearBottom = false; if ( event[ axis ] - cur > this.items[ j ][ sizeProperty ] / 2 ) { nearBottom = true; } if ( Math.abs( event[ axis ] - cur ) < dist ) { dist = Math.abs( event[ axis ] - cur ); itemWithLeastDistance = this.items[ j ]; this.direction = nearBottom ? "up" : "down"; } } //Check if dropOnEmpty is enabled if ( !itemWithLeastDistance && !this.options.dropOnEmpty ) { return; } if ( this.currentContainer === this.containers[ innermostIndex ] ) { if ( !this.currentContainer.containerCache.over ) { this.containers[ innermostIndex ]._trigger( "over", event, this._uiHash() ); this.currentContainer.containerCache.over = 1; } return; } if ( itemWithLeastDistance ) { this._rearrange( event, itemWithLeastDistance, null, true ); } else { this._rearrange( event, null, this.containers[ innermostIndex ].element, true ); } this._trigger( "change", event, this._uiHash() ); this.containers[ innermostIndex ]._trigger( "change", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); this.currentContainer = this.containers[ innermostIndex ]; //Update the placeholder this.options.placeholder.update( this.currentContainer, this.placeholder ); //Update scrollParent this.scrollParent = this.placeholder.scrollParent(); //Update overflowOffset if ( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && this.scrollParent[ 0 ].tagName !== "HTML" ) { this.overflowOffset = this.scrollParent.offset(); } this.containers[ innermostIndex ]._trigger( "over", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); this.containers[ innermostIndex ].containerCache.over = 1; } }, _createHelper: function( event ) { var o = this.options, helper = typeof o.helper === "function" ? $( o.helper.apply( this.element[ 0 ], [ event, this.currentItem ] ) ) : ( o.helper === "clone" ? this.currentItem.clone() : this.currentItem ); //Add the helper to the DOM if that didn't happen already if ( !helper.parents( "body" ).length ) { this.appendTo[ 0 ].appendChild( helper[ 0 ] ); } if ( helper[ 0 ] === this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { this._storedCSS = { width: this.currentItem[ 0 ].style.width, height: this.currentItem[ 0 ].style.height, position: this.currentItem.css( "position" ), top: this.currentItem.css( "top" ), left: this.currentItem.css( "left" ) }; } if ( !helper[ 0 ].style.width || o.forceHelperSize ) { helper.width( this.currentItem.width() ); } if ( !helper[ 0 ].style.height || o.forceHelperSize ) { helper.height( this.currentItem.height() ); } return helper; }, _adjustOffsetFromHelper: function( obj ) { if ( typeof obj === "string" ) { obj = obj.split( " " ); } if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { obj = { left: +obj[ 0 ], top: +obj[ 1 ] || 0 }; } if ( "left" in obj ) { this.offset.click.left = obj.left + this.margins.left; } if ( "right" in obj ) { this.offset.click.left = this.helperProportions.width - obj.right + this.margins.left; } if ( "top" in obj ) { this.offset.click.top = obj.top + this.margins.top; } if ( "bottom" in obj ) { this.offset.click.top = this.helperProportions.height - obj.bottom + this.margins.top; } }, _getParentOffset: function() { //Get the offsetParent and cache its position this.offsetParent = this.helper.offsetParent(); var po = this.offsetParent.offset(); // This is a special case where we need to modify a offset calculated on start, since the // following happened: // 1. The position of the helper is absolute, so it's position is calculated based on the // next positioned parent // 2. The actual offset parent is a child of the scroll parent, and the scroll parent isn't // the document, which means that the scroll is included in the initial calculation of the // offset of the parent, and never recalculated upon drag if ( this.cssPosition === "absolute" && this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && $.contains( this.scrollParent[ 0 ], this.offsetParent[ 0 ] ) ) { po.left += this.scrollParent.scrollLeft(); po.top += this.scrollParent.scrollTop(); } // This needs to be actually done for all browsers, since pageX/pageY includes this // information with an ugly IE fix if ( this.offsetParent[ 0 ] === this.document[ 0 ].body || ( this.offsetParent[ 0 ].tagName && this.offsetParent[ 0 ].tagName.toLowerCase() === "html" && $.ui.ie ) ) { po = { top: 0, left: 0 }; } return { top: po.top + ( parseInt( this.offsetParent.css( "borderTopWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ), left: po.left + ( parseInt( this.offsetParent.css( "borderLeftWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ) }; }, _getRelativeOffset: function() { if ( this.cssPosition === "relative" ) { var p = this.currentItem.position(); return { top: p.top - ( parseInt( this.helper.css( "top" ), 10 ) || 0 ) + this.scrollParent.scrollTop(), left: p.left - ( parseInt( this.helper.css( "left" ), 10 ) || 0 ) + this.scrollParent.scrollLeft() }; } else { return { top: 0, left: 0 }; } }, _cacheMargins: function() { this.margins = { left: ( parseInt( this.currentItem.css( "marginLeft" ), 10 ) || 0 ), top: ( parseInt( this.currentItem.css( "marginTop" ), 10 ) || 0 ) }; }, _cacheHelperProportions: function() { this.helperProportions = { width: this.helper.outerWidth(), height: this.helper.outerHeight() }; }, _setContainment: function() { var ce, co, over, o = this.options; if ( o.containment === "parent" ) { o.containment = this.helper[ 0 ].parentNode; } if ( o.containment === "document" || o.containment === "window" ) { this.containment = [ 0 - this.offset.relative.left - this.offset.parent.left, 0 - this.offset.relative.top - this.offset.parent.top, o.containment === "document" ? this.document.width() : this.window.width() - this.helperProportions.width - this.margins.left, ( o.containment === "document" ? ( this.document.height() || document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight ) : this.window.height() || this.document[ 0 ].body.parentNode.scrollHeight ) - this.helperProportions.height - this.margins.top ]; } if ( !( /^(document|window|parent)$/ ).test( o.containment ) ) { ce = $( o.containment )[ 0 ]; co = $( o.containment ).offset(); over = ( $( ce ).css( "overflow" ) !== "hidden" ); this.containment = [ co.left + ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "borderLeftWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ) + ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "paddingLeft" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - this.margins.left, co.top + ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "borderTopWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ) + ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "paddingTop" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - this.margins.top, co.left + ( over ? Math.max( ce.scrollWidth, ce.offsetWidth ) : ce.offsetWidth ) - ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "borderLeftWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "paddingRight" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - this.helperProportions.width - this.margins.left, co.top + ( over ? Math.max( ce.scrollHeight, ce.offsetHeight ) : ce.offsetHeight ) - ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "borderTopWidth" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - ( parseInt( $( ce ).css( "paddingBottom" ), 10 ) || 0 ) - this.helperProportions.height - this.margins.top ]; } }, _convertPositionTo: function( d, pos ) { if ( !pos ) { pos = this.position; } var mod = d === "absolute" ? 1 : -1, scroll = this.cssPosition === "absolute" && !( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && $.contains( this.scrollParent[ 0 ], this.offsetParent[ 0 ] ) ) ? this.offsetParent : this.scrollParent, scrollIsRootNode = ( /(html|body)/i ).test( scroll[ 0 ].tagName ); return { top: ( // The absolute mouse position pos.top + // Only for relative positioned nodes: Relative offset from element to offset parent this.offset.relative.top * mod + // The offsetParent's offset without borders (offset + border) this.offset.parent.top * mod - ( ( this.cssPosition === "fixed" ? -this.scrollParent.scrollTop() : ( scrollIsRootNode ? 0 : scroll.scrollTop() ) ) * mod ) ), left: ( // The absolute mouse position pos.left + // Only for relative positioned nodes: Relative offset from element to offset parent this.offset.relative.left * mod + // The offsetParent's offset without borders (offset + border) this.offset.parent.left * mod - ( ( this.cssPosition === "fixed" ? -this.scrollParent.scrollLeft() : scrollIsRootNode ? 0 : scroll.scrollLeft() ) * mod ) ) }; }, _generatePosition: function( event ) { var top, left, o = this.options, pageX = event.pageX, pageY = event.pageY, scroll = this.cssPosition === "absolute" && !( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && $.contains( this.scrollParent[ 0 ], this.offsetParent[ 0 ] ) ) ? this.offsetParent : this.scrollParent, scrollIsRootNode = ( /(html|body)/i ).test( scroll[ 0 ].tagName ); // This is another very weird special case that only happens for relative elements: // 1. If the css position is relative // 2. and the scroll parent is the document or similar to the offset parent // we have to refresh the relative offset during the scroll so there are no jumps if ( this.cssPosition === "relative" && !( this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.document[ 0 ] && this.scrollParent[ 0 ] !== this.offsetParent[ 0 ] ) ) { this.offset.relative = this._getRelativeOffset(); } /* * - Position constraining - * Constrain the position to a mix of grid, containment. */ if ( this.originalPosition ) { //If we are not dragging yet, we won't check for options if ( this.containment ) { if ( event.pageX - this.offset.click.left < this.containment[ 0 ] ) { pageX = this.containment[ 0 ] + this.offset.click.left; } if ( event.pageY - this.offset.click.top < this.containment[ 1 ] ) { pageY = this.containment[ 1 ] + this.offset.click.top; } if ( event.pageX - this.offset.click.left > this.containment[ 2 ] ) { pageX = this.containment[ 2 ] + this.offset.click.left; } if ( event.pageY - this.offset.click.top > this.containment[ 3 ] ) { pageY = this.containment[ 3 ] + this.offset.click.top; } } if ( o.grid ) { top = this.originalPageY + Math.round( ( pageY - this.originalPageY ) / o.grid[ 1 ] ) * o.grid[ 1 ]; pageY = this.containment ? ( ( top - this.offset.click.top >= this.containment[ 1 ] && top - this.offset.click.top <= this.containment[ 3 ] ) ? top : ( ( top - this.offset.click.top >= this.containment[ 1 ] ) ? top - o.grid[ 1 ] : top + o.grid[ 1 ] ) ) : top; left = this.originalPageX + Math.round( ( pageX - this.originalPageX ) / o.grid[ 0 ] ) * o.grid[ 0 ]; pageX = this.containment ? ( ( left - this.offset.click.left >= this.containment[ 0 ] && left - this.offset.click.left <= this.containment[ 2 ] ) ? left : ( ( left - this.offset.click.left >= this.containment[ 0 ] ) ? left - o.grid[ 0 ] : left + o.grid[ 0 ] ) ) : left; } } return { top: ( // The absolute mouse position pageY - // Click offset (relative to the element) this.offset.click.top - // Only for relative positioned nodes: Relative offset from element to offset parent this.offset.relative.top - // The offsetParent's offset without borders (offset + border) this.offset.parent.top + ( ( this.cssPosition === "fixed" ? -this.scrollParent.scrollTop() : ( scrollIsRootNode ? 0 : scroll.scrollTop() ) ) ) ), left: ( // The absolute mouse position pageX - // Click offset (relative to the element) this.offset.click.left - // Only for relative positioned nodes: Relative offset from element to offset parent this.offset.relative.left - // The offsetParent's offset without borders (offset + border) this.offset.parent.left + ( ( this.cssPosition === "fixed" ? -this.scrollParent.scrollLeft() : scrollIsRootNode ? 0 : scroll.scrollLeft() ) ) ) }; }, _rearrange: function( event, i, a, hardRefresh ) { if ( a ) { a[ 0 ].appendChild( this.placeholder[ 0 ] ); } else { i.item[ 0 ].parentNode.insertBefore( this.placeholder[ 0 ], ( this.direction === "down" ? i.item[ 0 ] : i.item[ 0 ].nextSibling ) ); } //Various things done here to improve the performance: // 1. we create a setTimeout, that calls refreshPositions // 2. on the instance, we have a counter variable, that get's higher after every append // 3. on the local scope, we copy the counter variable, and check in the timeout, // if it's still the same // 4. this lets only the last addition to the timeout stack through this.counter = this.counter ? ++this.counter : 1; var counter = this.counter; this._delay( function() { if ( counter === this.counter ) { //Precompute after each DOM insertion, NOT on mousemove this.refreshPositions( !hardRefresh ); } } ); }, _clear: function( event, noPropagation ) { this.reverting = false; // We delay all events that have to be triggered to after the point where the placeholder // has been removed and everything else normalized again var i, delayedTriggers = []; // We first have to update the dom position of the actual currentItem // Note: don't do it if the current item is already removed (by a user), or it gets // reappended (see #4088) if ( !this._noFinalSort && this.currentItem.parent().length ) { this.placeholder.before( this.currentItem ); } this._noFinalSort = null; if ( this.helper[ 0 ] === this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { for ( i in this._storedCSS ) { if ( this._storedCSS[ i ] === "auto" || this._storedCSS[ i ] === "static" ) { this._storedCSS[ i ] = ""; } } this.currentItem.css( this._storedCSS ); this._removeClass( this.currentItem, "ui-sortable-helper" ); } else { this.currentItem.show(); } if ( this.fromOutside && !noPropagation ) { delayedTriggers.push( function( event ) { this._trigger( "receive", event, this._uiHash( this.fromOutside ) ); } ); } if ( ( this.fromOutside || this.domPosition.prev !== this.currentItem.prev().not( ".ui-sortable-helper" )[ 0 ] || this.domPosition.parent !== this.currentItem.parent()[ 0 ] ) && !noPropagation ) { // Trigger update callback if the DOM position has changed delayedTriggers.push( function( event ) { this._trigger( "update", event, this._uiHash() ); } ); } // Check if the items Container has Changed and trigger appropriate // events. if ( this !== this.currentContainer ) { if ( !noPropagation ) { delayedTriggers.push( function( event ) { this._trigger( "remove", event, this._uiHash() ); } ); delayedTriggers.push( ( function( c ) { return function( event ) { c._trigger( "receive", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); }; } ).call( this, this.currentContainer ) ); delayedTriggers.push( ( function( c ) { return function( event ) { c._trigger( "update", event, this._uiHash( this ) ); }; } ).call( this, this.currentContainer ) ); } } //Post events to containers function delayEvent( type, instance, container ) { return function( event ) { container._trigger( type, event, instance._uiHash( instance ) ); }; } for ( i = this.containers.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) { if ( !noPropagation ) { delayedTriggers.push( delayEvent( "deactivate", this, this.containers[ i ] ) ); } if ( this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over ) { delayedTriggers.push( delayEvent( "out", this, this.containers[ i ] ) ); this.containers[ i ].containerCache.over = 0; } } //Do what was originally in plugins if ( this.storedCursor ) { this.document.find( "body" ).css( "cursor", this.storedCursor ); this.storedStylesheet.remove(); } if ( this._storedOpacity ) { this.helper.css( "opacity", this._storedOpacity ); } if ( this._storedZIndex ) { this.helper.css( "zIndex", this._storedZIndex === "auto" ? "" : this._storedZIndex ); } this.dragging = false; if ( !noPropagation ) { this._trigger( "beforeStop", event, this._uiHash() ); } //$(this.placeholder[0]).remove(); would have been the jQuery way - unfortunately, // it unbinds ALL events from the original node! this.placeholder[ 0 ].parentNode.removeChild( this.placeholder[ 0 ] ); if ( !this.cancelHelperRemoval ) { if ( this.helper[ 0 ] !== this.currentItem[ 0 ] ) { this.helper.remove(); } this.helper = null; } if ( !noPropagation ) { for ( i = 0; i < delayedTriggers.length; i++ ) { // Trigger all delayed events delayedTriggers[ i ].call( this, event ); } this._trigger( "stop", event, this._uiHash() ); } this.fromOutside = false; return !this.cancelHelperRemoval; }, _trigger: function() { if ( $.Widget.prototype._trigger.apply( this, arguments ) === false ) { this.cancel(); } }, _uiHash: function( _inst ) { var inst = _inst || this; return { helper: inst.helper, placeholder: inst.placeholder || $( [] ), position: inst.position, originalPosition: inst.originalPosition, offset: inst.positionAbs, item: inst.currentItem, sender: _inst ? _inst.element : null }; } } ); } );

خطوة

تكنولوجيا السيارات الذكية تفرض قواعد جديدة علي الطرق

مايو 23, 2025

4٬123 2 دقائق

كتبت ميرنا أشرف

أحدثت التكنولوجيا تطورا كبيرا في عالم السيارات، أبرزها تطوير السيارات الكهربائية كحل مستدام للمستقبل. تتميز هذه السيارات بكفاءة عالية، وانبعاثات منخفضة، وتكاليف تشغيل أقل. رغم ذلك، لا تزال تواجه تحديات، ومع الابتكار المستمر تساهم التكنولوجيا في تجاوز هذه العقبات وتوسيع الاعتماد على النقل الكهربائي.

أكد الأستاذ هاني هشام، مدير إحدي معارض السيارات الكهربائية بالقاهرة، أن معرضة يُعد من المعارض الرائدة في مجال السيارات الكهربائية في مصر، حيث اتخذ خطوة جريئة بافتتاح معرض متخصص بالكامل في السيارات الكهربائية. وأضاف: “خطوتنا جاءت من إيماننا بأن المستقبل في سيارتك، لأن البنزين في طريقه للنهاية”. وأضاف، أن السبب الثاني لاتخاذ هذه الخطوة هو الارتفاع الكبير في تكلفة البنزين، مما يجعل السيارات الكهربائية هي البديل القوي للسيارات التقليدية خلال الفترة القادمة.

ومن جانبه، أكد الأستاذ مجدي كيلاني، أحد مسؤولي المبيعات لإحدي معارض السيارات بالقاهرة، أن التوجه للسيارات الكهربائية لم يعد رفاهية، بل ضرورة تفرضها المعايير البيئية والاقتصادية الحديثة. وأضاف أن المعرض يسعى لتوفير موديلات متنوعة تناسب احتياجات السوق المصري، مع تقديم خدمات ما بعد البيع وتوفير الدعم الفني اللازم، في خطوة تهدف إلى بناء ثقة المستهلك وتشجيعه على التحول لهذا النوع من السيارات

مميزات سيارات الكهرباء:

أوضح هشام، أنه من أبرز مميزات السيارات الكهربائية أنها تعتمد على بطاريات ليثيوم مما يجعل عمرها الافتراضي طويلاً ، ويجعلها أيضاً خيارًا عمليًا واقتصاديًا على المدى البعيد. كما أن قطع غيارها متوفرة، وصيانتها محدودة مقارنة بالسيارات التقليدية، كما أنها تحافظ على البيئة المحيطة بها وتُعد صديقة للبيئة، بفضل خلوّها من الانبعاثات الضارة.

وهناك نظام تمتاز به سيارات الكهرباء ليست في السيارات العادية وهي قدرتها على قراءة إرشادات الطريق الموجودة عليه، والتعرف على اللوحات والإشارات المنتشرة في الشوارع، مما يعزز من أمان القيادة ويسهل على السائقين التنقل بذكاء وسهولة.

اتفق معه كيلاني، وأضاف أن السيارات الكهربائية تتميز بعدة مزايا تجعلها خيارًا أفضل للمستقبل، أولها نها لا تستهلك البنزين، مما يجعلها وسيلة موفرة بالمقارنة بالسيارات التقليدية المستهلكة للبنزين المستمر.

وتزوّد بعض من انواع سيارات الكهرباء المتقدمة في الطراز بأنظمة أمان ذكية، خاصة في السيارات ذاتية القيادة، فعلى سبيل المثال، إذا وجدت طفلا يقطع الطريق فجأة، تقوم السيارة تلقائيًا بتفعيل وضع منع التصادم والتوقف الفوري، مما يعزز من مستوى الامان على الطرق و علي المستخدم.

التحديات التي تواجه سيارات الكهرباء :

قال هشام، إن أولى التحديات التي تواجه انتشار السيارات الكهربائية تتعلق بالعقلية و التفكير، حيث لايزال كثير من الناس غير مقتنعين تمامًا بفكرة الاعتماد على هذا النوع من السيارات، ويشعرون بالتخوف من السير بسيارة تعمل فقط بالبطارية. هذا التخوف يُشكل عامل قلق لدى العديد من الأفراد، نتيجة لعدم الاطمئنان الكامل تجاه مدى أمان البطارية وكفاءتها، وهو ما يتطلب جهود أكبر لنشر الوعي وتوضيح مزايا هذه التكنولوجيا الجديدة.

بينما يري الكيلاني، ان هناك تحدي واضح يتمثل في غياب المراكز المعتمدة لصيانتها حتى الآن فبالرغم من انها لا تحتاج صيانه في اغلب الاوقات الا انه لا يمكن شراء سيارة بدون معرفه مراكز صيانتها وذلك ايضا هو نوع من تخوف الافراد لشرائها، وذلك يحدث بسبب ضعف البنية التحتية اللازمة لدعم هذا النوع من السيارات بالشكل الكافي.

وحول مدى تطور التكنولوجيا في مجال السيارات الكهربائية، يرى الأستاذ هشام، أن ما وصلت إليه هذه الصناعة يؤكد انها تمثل المستقبل الحقيقي لعالم السيارات، وان هذا التطور التكنولوجي يسهم في تعزيز ثقة المستهلك ويدعم توجه السوق نحو البدائل النظيفة والمستدامة.

ومن جانبه، أشار الكيلاني، إلي أن هذا التطور يمهد لتحول في قطاع النقل، خاصة على المدى البعيد. وأكد أن انتشار السيارات الكهربائية سيسهم بشكل كبير في تقليل نسبة التلوث الذي يتعرض له الهواء نتيجة الانبعاثات الناتجة عن وقود السيارات التقليدية.

تمثل السيارات الكهربائية مستقبل النقل الذكي والمستدام، وسط التطور التكنولوجي المتسارع والجهود المستمرة لتجاوز هذه التحديات وبناء ثقة المستهلك نحو بيئة أنظف وقيادة أكثر كفاءة.

مايو 23, 2025

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